Anyone who plays collecting knows that the identification of an antique should adhere to the most basic "dialectics", such as which aspect meets the characteristics of the genuine product, which aspect meets the characteristics of the counterfeit, if the characteristics of the counterfeit are obvious, it is undoubtedly false. However, when the characteristics of the counterfeit are not obvious, people who lack actual combat ability will be "dumbfounded" and can only rely on "guessing", and the gap between people will appear.
Tibetan friends do not need to blindly "stigmatize" experts, and examining the authenticity of a rare cultural relic requires not only superb eyesight, but also a deep understanding of historical background, cultural customs and other aspects. Like the five cultural relics listed today, they were once identified as fakes by experts, but they were judged to be genuine by stronger experts. It can be seen that even if it is a group of experts, the ability gap is a world of difference.
One: The Golden Seal of the King of Changsha
In 2008, near the ruins of the king's tombs around Changsha, Hunan, more than a dozen ancient tombs were excavated wildly. After a period of time, a message came out of the local antique circle that a Golden Seal of the King of Changsha appeared, which was made of pure gold and shaped like a divine turtle, which immediately attracted the attention of the Changsha cultural and expo circles. To know that the Han Dynasty princes wang seal gold seal that is a rare treasure, most of the Han tombs unearthed are jade seals, before only a Guangling king seal gold seal collected by the Nanjing Museum, if this stolen gold seal is true, it is a national treasure.
Subsequently, after close investigation, the Changsha Criminal Investigation Brigade captured an extraordinarily large tomb robbery gang headed by Liu Shengli. It was found that Liu Shengli had sold the cultural relics, and then turned around many places to recover the Changsha WangJin Seal and other cultural relics, and then accidentally recovered a Changsha Wang Jin seal, that is to say, there were two princely seals.
At the beginning of the appearance of the Golden Seal and the Golden Seal, the experts in the province were divided into two factions, one faction saying the truth and the other saying false. For the sake of prudence, it was sent to Beijing, and the Cultural Relics Appraisal Committee of the State Administration of Cultural Relics was asked to appraise, and the results of the experts believed that the gold purity of the gold seal exceeded 99%, and it was impossible for the Han Dynasty to have such a technology, and it was believed that there was a problem with the font and engraving, so it was unanimously concluded that they were imitations, which were the products of the tomb robbers after the bag was transferred.
After returning to Changsha disappointed, after a six-month-long investigation, no evidence of tomb robbers imitating the bag was found. The Hunan Provincial Cultural Relics Appraisal Center and the Criminal Investigation Detachment carefully compared the videos and pictures left by the tomb robbers in the transaction process through technical means, and finally determined that this was the real thing, there was no counterfeiting, and there was a stunning national treasure in the museum today.
In fact, it is very amateurish to take the purity of gold to identify the true and false, the gold jewelry of the sun god bird unearthed in Sichuan, the purity of the gold cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty has reached 94.2%, and the purity of a 18-kilogram "Western Han Golden Beast" unearthed in Xuyi, Jiangsu Province, has also reached 99%. I don't know what the experts think.
Two: Southern Song Dynasty Xu ritual documents
In 2011, a seller surnamed Cheng took a rare treasure to Beijing to seek a buyer. This cultural relic is a 17-volume southern Song Dynasty document, more than 750 years ago, but the ink is as new as new, intact, as hard as modern kraft paper, looking at museums around the world, can not find such a "unique appearance". However, it is precisely because of this appearance that Cheng mou has experienced things that make people cry and laugh.
It turned out that he met the first expert of a famous auction house, and the reply was: "Lie to me with such a new thing, when I am a three-year-old child." The second time was a calligraphy and painting expert in the major antique markets in Beijing, and as a result, people also said: "The old technology is too bad, and the ancient books of the Song Dynasty cannot be so clean." "The last time I met a buyer surnamed Ma, it was difficult to deal 1.2 million, and as a result, the buyer surnamed Ma took it to consult a certain cultural expert, and the result was still false, and the buyer surnamed Ma regretted returning the goods."
Three consecutive encounters with the wall, let Cheng Mou a little "doubt life", because he is a tomb robber, this cultural relics was stolen by his own hands in the ancient tomb, how can it be fake? The imbalance in his mentality made him mess up, and in the subsequent process of finding a buyer, the relevant information of the cultural relics was spread throughout the collection circle, so that the real experts recognized it.
Dong Sanjun, director of the Wuyi County Museum, was the first to discover the clues, because the cultural relics were the life experiences of Xu Shuli, an official of Wuyi County during the Southern Song Dynasty. The locals understood the local affairs, and Dong Sanjun then invited Zheng Jiali, a song dynasty historian in Zhejiang Province, to identify it together, and finally confirmed that this was a national treasure-level cultural relic found for the first time, which had high research value for the history of the Southern Song Dynasty, and thus cracked a major case of tomb robbery.
For this national treasure, Wuyi County specially spent 200 million yuan to build a new museum for exhibition. Fortunately, so many experts did not recognize it, otherwise it would be a big loss to lose abroad after many resales. It can also be seen from this incident that for a cultural relic that has never been seen before, the attitude of most experts is first of all to deny, afraid of "taking risks", and only those experts with a deep understanding of history can identify it.
Three: The West King rewards merit
Zhang Xianzhong's "Jiangkou Shenyin" case should be well known, by the theft of 7.7 million tiger button "Yongchang Grand Marshal" gold seal and the case, so the excavation of archaeology of Zhang Xianzhong Shenyin site in Meishan City, Sichuan Province, more than 50,000 cultural relics out of the water, verifying that the folklore "bought Chengdu Mansion" huge treasure is real.
However, few people know that the case occurred in 2016, but since 2005, the villagers in Xiajiangkou, Jiangkou Town, have begun to steal treasures. The various ancient money, silver ingots, gold jewelry and other cultural relics excavated have flowed to the underground cultural relics markets such as Sichuan, Shaanxi, hubei and so on, why has it not attracted attention?
Originally, someone had already reported it to the cultural relics department, but several experts had been appraised, especially the ancient money treasures with less than five pieces of existence, such as the "Xiwang Reward Gong", and dozens of pieces suddenly appeared in the market, all of which agreed that it could not be true. It did not attract enough attention, which caused the treasure theft gang to become more and more rampant, and finally was swept away.
The treasure robbery gang sold more than 16 million cultural relics such as more than 150 Xiwang gong coins and gold and silver books, although most of them were later recovered and jointly identified as genuine by many experts from Wenbo, but there may also be losses. In 2011, an auction company sold 2.3 million gold Xiwang rewards and 552,000 silver Xiwang rewards, and the source is a mystery.
The reason why experts dare not recognize it is because too few people have seen this coin in person. The Western King's reward is divided into three kinds of gold, silver and copper, not a circulating currency, but a commemorative medal rewarding the nature of military merit, so it is very rarely minted, and Zhang Xianzhong was minted at the end of the Ming Dynasty, but it was not discovered until the end of the Qing Dynasty. In 1963, the Shanghai Museum bought a gold coin and called it an "orphan product". Since then, less than five have been found, so experts have concluded that many at once are fake, which is also forgivable.
Four: Warring States DuHu Charm
In the 1970s, a teenager named Yang Dongfeng picked up a rusty bronze and threw it to his sister as a toy. Later, when his mother fell ill, he had to take the bronze to the Shaanxi Provincial Museum (now the Forest of Steles Museum) to sell some money, but the staff said at a glance that it was a modern handicraft.
Yang Dongfeng did not give up, has been lying in the museum, and found two other experts to identify, the result is considered to be a fake. At this time, an ancient money expert named Chen Zunxiang looked at him pitifully, so he took out the only 50 yuan on his body and asked him to quickly go back to treat his mother.
It is precisely because of Chen Zunxiang's good deeds that he has preserved this rare treasure for the country. It turned out that after years of playing, the rust on the bronze body slowly fell off, when Chen Zhi, a professor in the History Department of Northwest University, saw the wrong gold inscription nine lines and four crosses exposed after the rust was peeled off, and his excited hands were trembling: This is the tiger rune!
The so-called tiger charm is an important artifact that can be dispatched in ancient times, half in the hands of the king and half in the hands of the generals. This only half of the Warring States Duhu Charm directly alarmed the Cultural Relics Bureau and caused an academic upsurge in the academic circles on the military, writing and calligraphy art of the Warring States period. This 50 yuan is really not a loss.
Five: Su Zhong, Marquis of The Western Zhou Dynasty
Finally, there is a sighing cultural expert. In 1992, an ordinary villager named Hou Linshan in Shanxi mysteriously became rich and became a millionaire, which involved a major case of tomb robbery, but unfortunately, although the case was solved, eight tombs of the Marquis of Western Zhou and Jin were all stolen, and all important cultural relics disappeared.
In the winter, Mr. Ma Chengyuan, director of the Shanghai Museum and a master of bronze ware, visited Hong Kong, and while wandering around an antique street, he found a set of 14 chimes with an opening price of millions of Hong Kong dollars. Ma Chengyuan entrusted his friends to scrape together enough money for a long time, and decisively bought it and brought it back to Shanghai. As a result, a number of cultural experts said that Ma Lao looked away, the corrosion degree of this set of chimes was too "new", and the inscription was also engraved later, which must be a fake.
Ma Chengyuan tried to dispel the public opinion and told everyone with superb knowledge: the reason why the degree of corrosion is very "new" is because the "living pit" that has just been excavated is not long ago, and although the inscription is later, it is not engraved by modern people, but the chimes were first made and then inscribed. Most importantly, the words on the chimes are not one instrument and one inscription, but the words on the whole set of chimes are connected to interpret, and they are immediately smooth.
He used more than one level of ability beyond others to save the national treasure for the country. And Ma Lao's contribution is far more than this, the discovery of light on the stall, in addition to this set of chimes, there is also a piece of "Yue King's Will sword", which is the sword that hooks his son. There is also a bronze vessel of "Wu Wang Fu Cha Lun", which confirms that Wu Wang Fu Cha once cast a wine vessel for a lowly civilian woman, who was probably Xi Shi.
Ma Chengyuan was a national treasure for countless people, but he was exhausted because of the authenticity of "Shangbo Jian". This academic dispute is still Ma Lao's greatest recognition, but since then, Ma Lao's physical health has taken a sharp turn, and it is rumored that he has suffered from depression, and finally chose to jump down in a high-rise building, and since then there has been one less real Taishan Beidou in the cultural and bo circles.