Some time ago, I read the "Four Ming Poems" by the great Ming Dynasty poet Xie Hazel, and found that he liked to change poems for his predecessors, such as Liu Yuxi, Song Zhiqing, and Bai Juyi.
Later, when I read the Qing Dynasty man He Wenhuan's "Poetry of past dynasties", He Pei's "Poetry of the Wine Garden", I found that these two elders were not polite to Xie Hao and criticized him bitterly.
How did Xie Hao change his poems? Is there any reason for He Wenhuan and He Sheng's criticism?
In "Four Ming Poems", Xie Hazel first struck a knife at Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane:
Liu Yuxi's poem "Huaigu" says: "In the old days, Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people. Or Yi Zhiyue: "Wang XieTang Qianyan, now the home of the people." "This work does not hurt the temperament. Yu Zhizhi said: "Wang Xie's luxurious spring grass, whose house did the swallows fall in front of the hall?" "This is not a strange language, but it is not detailed.
For this change, He Wenhuan was very dismissive in the "Poetry of the Past Dynasties":
Liu Yuxi's poem said: "In the old days, Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people." The magic lies in the words "old" and "ordinary". Si Mingyun: "Or there is a person who has changed: 'Wang Xietang Qianyan, now the home of the people of Fei.'" Point gold into iron." Xie Gong also elaborated: "Wang Xie's luxurious spring grass, whose house will the swallows fall in front of the hall?" It's especially bad. "Poetry of the Past Dynasties"
He Wenhuan believes that the original seven sentences were changed to five words" "Wang XieTang Qianyan, now the home of the people", and gold has been replaced by scrap iron. As for Xie Hazel's own change of these two seven sentences: "Wang Xie's luxurious spring grass, whose house the swallows fall in front of the hall", He Wenhuan's evaluation is even more resentful: especially bad.
As for why it was "bad", He Wenhuan did not say. However, he Pei commented on it in "Poetry of the Wine Garden".
Xie Hao mentions that there are three levels of language in poetry:
There are three kinds of languages for composing poems: Tang Shang Language, Tang Xia Language, and Jie Xia Language. Knowing these three, you can say poetry. All the superior officers who are about to step down from the officials have a high spirit and open their mouths to say goodbye. If Li Taibai "plays the jade flute in the Yellow Crane Tower, and plum blossoms fall in Jiangcheng in May", this hall is also in the language. When a subordinate official sees a superior official, his words are particularly orderly and unavoidably cramped. If Liu Yuxi "in the old days, Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people", this hall also spoke.
Xie Hao commented that Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane" is a tangxia language.
In he Sheng's "Poetry of the Wine Garden", he noticed this passage of Xie Hazel's words and made a verbal attack:
(Xie Hazel) If Liu Yuxi 'in the old days, Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people', this hall also spoke. Because it was changed to "Wang Xie luxury spring grass, whose house did the swallow fall in front of the hall?" ” (Hesley evaluation) Woohoo! The wife of this disciple of He Yi Deng, shi Zhu Fanye, the son of the owner! "Poetry of the Wine Garden"
In the "Lustful Endowment of Deng Disciple" written by Song Yu of the Chu State during the Warring States period, the wife of Deng Disciple looks very ugly, and the woman next door to the east is as beautiful as a heavenly immortal. He Pei said that Xie Hao, an ugly girl, actually wanted to teach the goddess to dress up, which was really unsure.
When later generations engraved and printed He Sheng's "Poetry of the Wine Garden", the evaluation of Huang Baishan was also included. Regarding this passage in which He Xie criticized Xie Hazel, Huang Baishan thought that it was biased, and he thought that Xie Hazel had not changed well, and the reason was not this:
(Huang Baishan commentary): "Liu Yi originally said that the prince's first residence became a family of the people, and the language was so profound and gentle. Xie changed the clouds, all lost. He and the two were obliterated, and the misfortune of the He Tang people was so! ”）
Huang Baishan said that Liu Yuxi originally meant to be the mansion of the old magnates, which became the home of the people, and gently conveyed the changes in the rise and fall. And Xie Hazel's changes have lost the magic of Liu Yuxi's original poems.
As for He Sheng's evaluation, it is not only too vulgar, but also does not explain the difference between the two clearly.
In fact, from Xie Hazel's "Four Ming Poems", Lao Jie can see that Xie Hazel did not change Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane", but only used the last two sentences, as for what the first two sentences of Xie Hazel's poem are, it is not known.
Why is it that Xie Hazel is unlikely to change only these two poems? Put the first two sentences of the original poem together with the last two sentences of Xie Hazel to understand:
Wild grass flowers by the Suzaku Bridge, the sunset at the mouth of Wuyi Lane. Wang Xie luxury spring grass, in front of the swallow in front of the hall fell in who's house?
The first sentence has weeds, and the third sentence can no longer write spring grass. It can be seen from this that Xie Hazel's so-called changes are actually the use of these two poems of Liu Yuxi in his own poems.
About Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane" for the time being. In fact, Xie Hazel really had to change the entire poem of the Tang Dynasty, such as Dai Shulun's "Except for the Overnight Stay in Stone Station", the original poem is:
Who asks at the hotel? Cold lights are amiable. The year will come to an end, and no one will return. Little sad about the past, laughing at this body. Sad and fading sideburns, tomorrow is spring again.
This poem is Dai Shulun's masterpiece, but Xie Hazel is not superstitious about the ancients, but puts forward his own insights:
"Look at this body as light and thin as leaf gold, non-spindle gold also. Where the five laws of speech, two links such as the outline of four articles, the words do not need to be detailed, the meaning does not have to be consistent, this is the meaning of the previous sentence, the meaning of the next sentence, the eight sentences of meaning are related, there is no gap in the middle, how to be implicit? Although the jaw union is full of travel conditions, the two sentences are one meaning, and the combination is long, and the taste is short. The late Tang Dynasty had many such syntaxes."
So, Xie Hazel changed the poem to this:
Lights and stones, wind and smoke Yangzijin. The year will come to an end, and no one will return. Ping Terrier floated south, and the name of the gong was west to Qin. The Ming Dynasty was clear to the mirror, and the decline of the sideburns was spring. ”
Bai Juyi has a poem "Zhaojun":
But the Han envoy replied, when will the gold redeem the moth's eyebrows? If the king asks the concubine about the color, Mo Dao is not as good as when he is in the palace.
Xie Hao said: "Although this does not forget jun, but the meaning of the words is clumsy. So he changed Bai Juyi's poem to:
When will the messenger return to the concubine, when will the gold redeem the moth's eyebrows? The Han Family Heavenly Son asked each other, Mo Dao was not as good as when he was in the palace. ”
Cen Shan has a poem "The First to the Qianwei Works":
Inside the mountain color Xuanyu, the beach sound pillow is between the seats. The grass is quiet, and the flowers are idle. The clouds and rain are connected to the Three Gorges, and the wind and dust are hundreds of barbarians. It can be a few days without feeling the sideburns. ”
Xie Hazel changed to:
The function can be a few days, and the two sideburns are easy to become spots. Clouds and rain are low in the Three Gorges, and the wind and dust are dark and barbaric. The birds chirp the palace quietly, and the flowers fall and the court is idle. Alone in the night, Rao Shisi, the sound of the beach pillow between the banquets."
Xie Hazel (1495 ~ 1575) character Mao Qin, cloth lifelong, the number of the Four Ming Mountain people, The People of The Mountains, Shandong Linqing people. He once took the poem scroll You Jingshi and formed a poetry club with Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen as one of the "Later Seven Sons", but later fought for Li Panlong and was reduced to the name of "Seven Sons".
Most of the above-mentioned poems are mentioned in his "Four Ming Poems". Since the ancient literati are light, and thick and thin, so as a reader, you may wish to put aside the ridicule of He Pei and He Wenhuan, and savor xie hazel's revised poems.
Do you think it's good or bad?
@Old Street Taste
This Song Dynasty man said that composing a collection of poems is like a poor person who is strong and rich, and the shabby atmosphere cannot be removed