What was the outcome of the five leaders of the Nanchang uprising? Four founding fathers, one died halfway!
Oil painting "Nanchang Uprising"
The position of the Nanchang Uprising in military history is beyond doubt, the people's armed forces have been born since then, and the first page of military history has been opened!
The Nanchang Uprising was a military failure, and in the end only 800 men were taken by Zhu De and Chen Yi to Jinggangshan and Mao Zedong. But the significance of this uprising was extremely great, the people's armed forces and the people's army were officially born, the first shots of armed opposition to the Rule of the Kuomintang were fired, and many of the leaders and participants of the uprising later grew up to become the founding fathers of the republic.
Nearly a century has passed since the Nanchang Uprising of 1927, and the participants and witnesses of this major historical event have already passed away, and many young people do not know much about the historical background of this uprising. Lenin said: Forgetting the past means betrayal. Today, we look back at the first uprising of the people's armed forces from a special perspective, and while remembering history, we remember these forerunners who made immortal contributions to the country and the nation!
Group sculpture "Nanchang Uprising"
In 1927, the clouds of war were stirring, and the wind and rain were like rocks. The Northern Expeditionary Army cooperated by the Kuomintang and the Communists marched in triumph, fighting all the way from the Pearl River Basin to the Yangtze River Basin, all kinds of warlords were defeated one after another, the once invincible direct line sun chuanfang and Wu Peifu were beaten to the ground, the Ye Ting Independent Regiment would have Wu Peifu, known as the "modern Guangong", and wu Peifu would be pressed to death in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, while the powerful Fengzhi Zhang Zuolin was like a bird of fright, always wanting to abandon Pingjin to escape.
But at this time, the storm suddenly changed. Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei launched the "April 12 Coup" and the "July 15 Coup" in Shanghai and Wuhan, and Sun Yat-sen's successive "three major policies" were completely betrayed by them, and the Communists were shed in blood.
Under the butcher's knife, the Communists decided to fight back, and they shifted their attention to Jiangxi, where the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River meet.
On the screen, Zhou Enlai and He Long during the Nanchang Uprising
For a time, all kinds of heroes gathered in Jiujiang, among them zhou Enlai, who was young and extremely vigorous, including the famous communists Yun Daiying, Tan Pingshan, Li Lisan, and Deng Zhongxia; there were ye ting, Ye Jianying, Liu Bocheng, Nie Rongzhen, and Zhu De, who had long been famous in the military; there was He Long, a powerful faction who wanted to follow the communist party; and even a great literary hero like Guo Moruo. Everyone decided to take up the barrel of a gun and fight with the enemy, and the location was chosen in Nanchang, which was almost south of the Jiujiang River.
On August 1, the first gunshots rang out in Nanchang City, and the people's armed forces were born. After occupying Nanchang City, the rebel army marched south to Guangdong as originally planned, preparing to establish a revolutionary base area there and carry out the Second Northern Expedition.
However, the disparity between the enemy and us was very different, and the uprising ultimately failed. After the fierce battle of Sanheba, Zhu De and Chen Yi and others reorganized the remaining 800 people, and after the Shonan Uprising, this team finally went to Jinggangshan and the remnants of the Autumn Harvest Uprising led by Mao Zedong to meet the division. The proud jinggangshan years have begun!
Mao Zedong in the Jinggangshan period
There were countless Communists involved in the planning and leadership of the Nanchang Uprising, and the official ranking of the leaders of the uprising was as follows: Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De, and Liu Bocheng.
Among them, Zhou Enlai was the supreme person in charge of the uprising, He Long and Ye Ting were the leaders of the rebel army (He Long was the commander-in-chief of the uprising, and Ye Ting was the commander-in-chief of the former enemy), Zhu De was then the director of the Nanchang Public Security Bureau and the head of the 4th Army Officers' Teaching Regiment (later deputy commander of the 9th Army), and Liu Bocheng was the head of the staff regiment (chief of the general staff).
It is worth mentioning that unlike the tried and tested Communists such as Zhou Enlai, Ye Ting, Zhu De, and Liu Bocheng, the commander-in-chief of the uprising, He Long, was not yet a communist at that time, but he resolutely expressed his intention to follow the party, and he said to Zhou Enlai: "I completely listen to the Communist Party, and the party will do whatever it wants me to do!" "After the uprising, on the way south, He Longcai joined the party under the introduction of Zhou Yiqun - this period of history is little known to young people, so it is emphasized here.
He Long
Regarding the final outcome of the five leaders of the Nanchang Uprising, there are also great differences. Some of them became the founders of the people's armed forces and the founding fathers of the republic, such as Zhou Enlai, He Long, Zhu De, and Liu Bocheng, and some of them died in an air crash in the middle of the revolutionary cause.
Below we briefly review the trajectory of the lives of the five outstanding leaders after the Nanchang Uprising, and their final outcome. Some of these legendary stories are already widely known, but some have been lost in the vast river of history.
The order of narration is in the official ranking of the leaders of the Nanchang Uprising: Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De, and Liu Bocheng.
Zhou Enlai
After zhou Enlai returned from Europe, he worked at the highest level of the party until his death on January 8, 1976, and never left, which cannot but be said to be a legend.
After the Nanchang Uprising, Zhou Enlai first engaged in secret work in Shanghai after several turns, the most well-known of which was to preside over the Central Special Branch, when famous underground workers such as Chen Geng and Li Kenong were his subordinates. After entering the Central Soviet Zone, Zhou Enlai had been one of the top leaders of the Red Army, and he knew Mao Zedong, whom he had met in Guangzhou a few years ago, and began a cooperation between the two for nearly half a century.
At the Zunyi Conference held during the Long March, Zhou Enlai actually led the proceedings, and at the meeting, he supported Mao Zedong's correct ideas and played a decisive role in Mao Zedong's regaining military command. It can be said that if it were not for Zhou Enlai, the Red Army would have continued to grope on the dark road for a long time.
Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong
After the Red Army's Long March reached northern Shaanxi, Zhou Enlai gradually became Mao Zedong's most trusted assistant, and he was one of the decision-makers at the highest level of the CPC Central Committee, both in the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation. Before the final victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1945, Zhou Enlai, together with Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi and Ren Bishi, formed the famous "Five Secretaries", a united and stable leadership that existed for many years until the founding of New China.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Enlai successively served as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee, premier of the State Council, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and other positions, second only to Mao Zedong in the influence of the whole party and the whole army.
On January 8, 1976, the superstar fell and Zhou Enlai passed away. As a long-time co-leader of China with Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai was a great man in the world, and still maintains his unique charm and enduring influence.
Peng Zhen, He Long, Guan Xiangying and Wang Zhen
He Long joined the party in the line of fire during the Nanchang Uprising, and at that time, he was already the commander-in-chief of the Nanchang Uprising, which can be described as the peak of his debut!
He Long, the commander-in-chief of the Nanchang Uprising, had such a high starting point that Zhu De, the head of the Ten Marshals of the Later Wei zhen army, Liu Bocheng, the god of the Sichuan Army, Ye Ting, the first commander of the New Fourth Army, and Nie Rongzhen, Chen Yi, Ye Jianying, and other heroes in the army were all his subordinates.
Another important position held by He Long after the Nanchang Uprising was the commander of the Red 2 Corps, especially after he and Xiao Ke's Red 6 Corps joined the division during the Long March to form the Second Front. This extremely important Red Army force is one of the three main forces of the Red Army, with He Long as the commander-in-chief of the Red Second Front, and his status is almost on a par with Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, and Xu Qiangqian, the God of War of the Red Army!
He Long, Peng Zhen, and Ren Bishi visit Guan Xiangying, who is ill
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, because of He Long's previous position, he became the commander of the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army, and once again partnered with Xiao Ke - this pair of close partners was not only a life-and-death friend on the battlefield, but also a company.
There is no doubt that the three super positions of commander-in-chief of the Nanchang Uprising, the commander-in-chief of the Red Second Front, and the commander of the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army directly led to He Long being awarded the rank of marshal in 1955, which was really because his previous position was too hardcore, although He Long's performance in the Liberation War was not too bright.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, He Long served as a member of the Political Bureau, vice premier of the State Council, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission, and director of the State Sports Commission. On June 9, 1969, He Long died of illness. Six years later, at the ceremony of placing his ashes, his old friend Zhou Enlai was extremely sad and bowed seven times to his remains!
Ye Ting took a group photo with Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi, Su Yu and others
Ye Ting is one of the most regrettable military experts in military history, and if he does not die, he is likely to become one of the top ten marshals in the 1955 grand title after the founding of the People's Republic of China; and when the Central Military Commission headed by Deng Xiaoping sorted out the military experts in the 1980s and 1990s, Ye Ting was ranked as one of the 36 military experts, and he ranked second only to the top ten marshals - obviously, the Central Military Commission regarded Ye Ting as a marshal, but the order of the ten marshals was inconvenient to disrupt, so it listed him after the marshals.
Ye Ting's performance during the Northern Expedition was extremely prominent, and the "Ye Ting Independent Regiment" was famous all over the world and became the core force of the 4th Army, known as the "Iron Army". During the Nanchang Uprising, Ye Ting's troops were one of the main squads of the uprising, and his position in the uprising was that of the commander-in-chief of the former enemy, second only to Zhou Enlai and He Long, and higher than later marshals such as Zhu De and Liu Bocheng.
After the Nanchang Uprising, Ye Ting went to Guangzhou at the end of that year to lead the Guangzhou Uprising, which was also one of the three major uprisings, and served as the commander-in-chief of the uprising—the three uprisings were led twice, which was second to none among all military experts. Ye Jianying and Nie Rongzhen also participated in the Nanchang Uprising and the Guangzhou Uprising, but the role played by these two marshals was significantly inferior to that of Ye Ting, because the gold content of "leadership" and "participation" was obviously different.
Members
After the Guangzhou Uprising, Ye Ting disappeared from public view for a while, serving as the commander of the New Fourth Army during the War of Resistance Against Japan. As a military expert recognized by both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Ye Ting's ability was almost second to none in China at that time.
Unfortunately, Ye Ting encountered the "Anhui Southern Incident", the New Fourth Army suffered heavy losses, and in the process of negotiations with the Kuomintang, Ye Ting was detained for nearly five years. The Kuomintang was soft and Ye and forced him to submit. But Ye Ting was unmoved, and wrote the famous "Prisoner Song" in prison:
The door for people to enter and exit is locked, The hole open for the dog to crawl away, A voice shouted: Climb out and give you freedom! I long for freedom, But I also know deeply - How can a human body crawl out of a dog's hole! I can only look forward to, That day -- The fire of the underground is raging, Burn this living coffin with me, I deserve eternal life in fire and blood.
After Ye Ting was released from prison, Mao Zedong was extremely excited and immediately approved his request to rejoin the party. Unfortunately, not long after, Ye Ting died in an air crash, and several famous revolutionaries were killed along with him: Bogu, Deng Fa and Wang Ruofei. If Ye Ting lived to be awarded the title, there was a high probability that he would become a marshal, so that there would be two Ye Marshals, and the New Fourth Army might also produce two marshals!
Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Liu Shaoqi were waiting on the upper floor of Tiananmen Square
We are familiar with The story of Mr. Zhu, but we know very little about his important role in the Nanchang Uprising.
Before the uprising, Zhu De was the head of the 4th Army Officers' Teaching Regiment and the director of the Nanchang Public Security Bureau. So far, when most military fans and friends talk about Zhu De's contribution to the uprising, they often stop at the "Hongmen Banquet" where he entertains enemy officers, believing that it has bound several regimental commanders and caused the enemy army to be leaderless when the uprising was launched, so that the rebel army can successfully take Nanchang City - if it is only understood in this way, it is too underestimated.
In fact, Zhu De's greatest contribution was that after the defeat of the large troops in the uprising, the morale of the two thousand or so soldiers led by Zhu De was extremely low, there was no money, no grain, no future, and it was possible to collapse at any time; it was Zhu De who raised his arms during the critical period, straightened out the troops with the assistance of Chen Yi, and took the troops to Jinggangshan and Mao Zedong after the Shonan Uprising -- this is the only 800 revolutionary fires left in the Nanchang Uprising, if it were not for Zhu De and Chen Yi, the Nanchang Uprising might have really failed!
Peng Dehuai, Zhu De, Ye Jianying, Nie Rongzhen and Chen Yi
Later, Zhu De met Mao Zedong at Jinggangshan, and "Zhu Mao" has been together ever since, and the reputation of this group is so prominent that many people think that they are the same person. Zhu De was one of the founders of the people's armed forces, the commander of the first Red Army team "Red 4 Army", a veritable "father of the Red Army", and later the commander-in-chief of the Red Army and the commander-in-chief of the Red Army.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zhu De served as commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army, and in the War of Liberation he served as commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army. After the founding of New China, Zhu De successively served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau, vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee, vice president of the state, and chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. In 1955, Zhu De became the top ten marshals, ranked first among the marshals, looking back at the only "commander-in-chief of the three services" position in the history of Zhu De's army, the head of the ten marshals is really deserved!
On July 6, 1976, the great man Zhu De passed away, which coincided with the troubled autumn of China, the Tangshan earthquake, the death of the chairman, the death of the prime minister, the death of the chairman of the committee, and the death of China into endless sorrow...
Liu Bocheng, Zhou Enlai, and Lin Boqu were on the upper floor of Tiananmen Square
Among the ten marshals, and even among the senior generals of the whole army, Liu Bocheng not only has a very brilliant record, but also has a very strong military theory, and is also the leading military educator in the whole army.
Liu Bocheng was famous very early, and he was very famous in the military circles of Sichuan, known as the "Military God of Sichuan" and "Contemporary Sun Wu". A more legendary thing has been well known to the majority of military fans: after his eyes were hit by stray bullets, in order to cut off the rotten flesh in his eyes, he operated directly in a sober condition without anesthesia. The nerves in the eye are very concentrated, and the severe pain that Liu Bocheng endured during the operation can be imagined, but his face did not change color. The German military doctor who operated on him directly called "contemporary Guan Gong" - the legend of Guan Yu scraping bones to cure poison is very suspicious, but Liu Bocheng's legend is 100% true!
After the Nanchang Uprising, Liu Bocheng went to the Soviet Union to study military affairs, especially at the famous Frunze Military Academy, laying the foundation for the brilliant achievements of a generation of military gods.
Liu Bocheng and Zhu De and others
During the Red Army era, Liu Bocheng was the chief of the general staff of the Red Army, and during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he served as the commander of the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army, and then together with the political commissar Deng Xiaoping, he created the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Anti-Japanese Base Area, which had a far-reaching impact on future generations. During the Liberation War, he and Deng Xiaoping first led Liu Deng's army thousands of miles into dabie Mountain to open the prelude to the strategic counteroffensive, and later served as the commander of the Central Plains Field Army, cooperating with Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi, and Su Yu to run across the Huaisi battlefield for thousands of miles, creating a record of annihilating 550,000 enemies in World War I, and overthrowing the Chiang family dynasty that had occupied Nanjing for 22 years in one fell swoop.
In 1955, Liu Bocheng was awarded the rank of Marshal, ranking fourth, after Lin Biao and before He Long.
On October 7, 1986, Liu Bocheng died of illness in Beijing, and it is worth mentioning that Liu Bocheng was the oldest marshal, and he lived to be 94 years old. Liu Bocheng's death made the older generation of military experts very sad, and the old comrade-in-arms Marshal Xu Qianqian was full of tears and wrote a poem mourning Marshal Liu Bocheng:
The bad news of the sun was all over the capital, and the tears and rain were pouring down. Looking down at the mountains and rivers, thinking of Liang Dong, looking up for a handsome star for nine days. Yuanyuan Tao became the essence of the country, and Zhao Zhaoqing was honored in history. Tu on the seven words dyed silk, 100,000 military tents cry Liu Gong.
Luo Ruiqing, Nie Rongzhen, Xu Xiangqian, Tao Zhu, Ye Jianying, Chen Yi, Liu Bocheng, Lin Biao, He Long and Luo Ronghuan