Aerial view of the city. Located at the southernmost tip of Chinese mainland, Jinnanshou City was once a defensive stronghold on the eastern shore of the Leizhou Peninsula.
Built in the 20th year of Qing Daoguang, the Wu's Wenzhi Ancestral Hall.
Ming Dynasty Jinnan Thousand Households City Ruins Protection Monument.
Fishermen and "Trough White Boys" in the Lower Harbour of the East Gate.
Built during the Qing Dynasty, the first mansion was a three-step quadrangle.
The cute stone dog is for the villagers to take care of the nursing home.
Drawing: Zhang Xujun
A pavilion in the middle of the city. Live QR code thematic QR code
Jinnanshou City, full name Jinnan Shou Yu Qianhushou, is located more than 60 kilometers northeast of Xuwen County, Zhanjiang City, in the village of present-day Jinhe Town, and is one of the two major cities of Xuwen in the Ming Dynasty. According to the Qing Xuantong's "Records of Xuwen County", the city was founded by Wu Jie, the Marquis of Anlu in the twenty-seventh year of Ming Hongwu (1394), and the city was surrounded by more than 480 zhang (1600 meters) and eight feet (6 meters) high. It is six feet (5.3 meters) thick, 696 meters (2320 meters) long, and six meters wide (20 meters). There are gates of the east, west, south and north, and there are city towers at each gate, and there are observation platforms, forts and beacon towers in the four corners of the city walls. In the thirty-third year of the Ming Dynasty (1605), the Qiongtai earthquake collapsed, and Feng Wanchun was commanded to rebuild. It was demolished in 1958. "Tips and blessings, heaven-made portals, boats and navigation, this is its key to Jin". The city was once a defensive stronghold on the eastern shore of the Leizhou Peninsula during the Ming and Qing dynasties. In ancient times, there were four stationed officials, one garrison member, one member of the thousand generals, and two members of the general staff, who were specially supervised by Kaitun.
Located in the open space of the village of Jinhe Town in present-day Xuwen County, the ruins of Jinnansuo City are located on a high ground, on a mound, but the outline of the city wall is still clearly recognizable. The existing remnants of the city are 300 meters long and have a large number of stones. The site is about 3-5 meters above the surrounding ground, with the northwest corner as the highest, reaching a height of more than 5 meters. The rammed earth traces of the city walls are most pronounced in the western and eastern southern sections. The site is square in shape, with each side 450 meters long. The city walls were originally made of external brick with rammed earth in the middle. The original east, west, south and north gates, now only one opening remains, is the ruins of the city gate.
Speaking of which, the naming of the city is quite mysterious. According to legend, when Wu Jie, the Marquis of Anlu, built a city during the Ming Hongwu dynasty, half of the bluestone was exhausted, and no stone was built to build the city. In the night dream, a white-haired old man came with a staff and offered a bag of tips, and when he woke up, he opened it and looked at it, and there was a document in it: "Northwest harbor of the city, there are stones under the soil, and the bricks can be used to build the city." The next day, Wu Jie personally inspected and found that the dutou pit in the northwest gate of the city was full of clay, which was a good material for burning bricks. He ordered his soldiers to build kilns and burn bricks, so he named the city "Jinbao". And asked the soldiers to write the word "Nishiki" on the city bricks. Our guide, Mr. Deng Jiarui, introduced that the Jinnan City Wall was destroyed in many places in the bandits and wars since the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, until it was later demolished. At present, most of the remains are wall foundations, and only a section of the city wall remaining at the north gate still retains its architectural structure - rectangular strips of stone and city bricks, but the "Jin" city bricks are difficult to find, and the basic contents found before are hidden in the Xuwen County Museum.
Ming and Qing dynasty ancient architecture and cute stone dogs
There are still some cultural relics such as ancient houses and ancestral halls in Jinnanshou City, all of which are Ming and Qing dynasty architectural styles, with a total of more than ten, most of which are pure brick structures. Some of the roofs are tilted at all four corners, and some have 45-degree drooping at all four corners. Some of the four corners also have statues, which are unique and distinctive, but they all fully reflect the superb architectural level and technology of the local villagers at that time.
The most representative is the Wu's Wenzhi Ancestral Hall, built in the 20th year of Qingdaoguang (1841), covering an area of 400 square meters, consisting of two halls and halls in the north and south, and the inscription on the door is "Wenzhi Gong ancestral hall", which has been written in a long way, but when you walk into the ancestral hall, you can also see the exquisitely shaped upper window and the well-preserved stone bucket arch.
The most magnificent of the private mansions is the Wu's Mansion, built during the Qing Dynasty, covering an area of 400 square meters, although it has been dilapidated, but the outline of the three-entry courtyard is clearly visible. The guide, Mr. Deng Jiarui, pointed to the gate that had long collapsed and told the Nandu reporter that the couplet left behind in that year was very interesting: "The straight pastoral garden, spring and autumn harvest of the family tree, the fu collection of books chanting lessons to children and grandchildren. "It seems that the big families in the city want their descendants to study more.
There are many stone carvings in the city, including stone dogs, horse benches, stone tablets, stone plaques, stone mills and so on. The stone dog is the "totem" used by local villagers to protect the family nursing home, the largest is more than one meter high, the smallest is more than 40 centimeters high, and most of them look cute. Only a boulder drum and a yamen well scattered on the ground are left at the former site of the city office for posterity to speculate on the glory of the past, and the northwest corner of the school yard is planted with pineapples. Fortunately, there is still a party "Zhong Gong Dewei Monument", remembering the heroic deeds of Zhong Gui, who was the garrison of Jinnanshou City in the early years of Kang Yan, and led his army to resist the enemy and defend the city. Poetry: "Zhong Gongsheng town I tips, Dewei and quanbao four sides." The defenders admired the city and commanded everywhere to die. Loving the people is like a sense of family, and the training is like a frost team. Gong Guangde is deep and unrequited, and Le Shi ming is ten thousand years old. ”
Jingzi Pavilion with two feng shui ponds
"Jincheng Fudi Village rich people and Gong Shengshi, the pocket of Spring and Autumn Han Xiang ink qi to cultivate talents." This is the Tibetan head couplet of the Jinnancheng Cultural Center near Nanmentang, from which you can also see that the cultural context in the city has never been interrupted. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial court set up social education in the large army of JinnansuoCheng, which greatly promoted the development of local education in leizhou peninsula and Xuwen. According to historical records, the content of the social science of the city includes the imperial system, the laws of the dynasty, and the ceremonies of crowns, marriages, funerals, and sacrifices, and the masters of social studies are generally the families or external employees of the officers and soldiers of the city, and the education funds are guaranteed by the income from the "school field" and the taxes of the market, which made a great contribution to the spread of the culture of the southern wasteland at that time.
It is said that at that time, students from all four townships and eight miles gathered to study in the social studies of Jinnanshou City, and local students could also learn the catchy Zhongzhou zhengyin and authentic etiquette in this "southern barbarian land" far away from the imperial court. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, this "sociology" produced many lifters, tribute students, and inmates.
The Jingzi Pavilion, which stands in the middle of the city, is a "monument" for the people of the city to respect knowledge. The front and back of the pavilion are sealed, with a hole on each side. One of the couplets, "In order to save the fragments from the Pure Land, first burn the Jane to the Clear Stream", explains the usefulness of the pavilion - specially used to burn the fragments of books and the paper on which the writing has been written. Mr. Deng Jiarui introduced that the villagers revere the words and cherish the paper. The shape of the Jingzi Pavilion is very special, the top of the pavilion is like the tip of the brush, and if there is a pen, there must be a stone. The two ponds near the south gate and the north gate are in the minds of the locals, and it is precisely because of these literary treasures that the city can produce more talents. He also revealed that these two ponds are regarded by the villagers as feng shui ponds, in the past, the fish raised in the North Gate Pond were particularly delicious, and every New Year, the villagers would come to the North Gate Pond to buy fish in a long line, and it was said that it was necessary to rely on the relationship to buy the big fish of the Hexin Water.
Mini fishing boat under the East Gate
In addition to military use, the city was once a relatively prosperous market. According to the "Guangdong-Fujian Chronicle", "There is a port in the east, a boat travels ten miles out of the ocean, there is Xinliao Island, and this port can be understood by pigeon village." "It can be said that the city of Jinnan was the traffic hub in the eastern part of the Leizhou Peninsula at that time, because merchant ships passed from Hainan, Beihai and other places to Xiying and Guangzhou, where trade was prosperous for a while, and people came and went. Qu Dajun, a famous scholar, poet and one of the "Three Great Masters of Lingnan" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, once visited the Tip-tsang and left a "Lei Yang Song": "The foot of the sky rises in the distance and half a rainbow, and the sound of the waves roars to the east of the bag." The Heavenly Sect Iron Hurricane blows Lang around, wishing to see the broken canopy. This poem uses the strange scene of the sea before the hurricane to express the love of the woman in love with her lover.
Nowadays, the east gate of the city is still not far from the East Gate Underground Port, but it is no longer bustling as before, only to see dozens of mini fishing boats docked near the shore, the narrow hull is painted white and green, and the two ends are bent upwards, like a crescent crescent in the sky, which the local fishermen call "slot white boys". When the warm and soft sunlight sprinkles on the surface of the sea, sparkling, and the boat bends in front of you, it is difficult to hide half of the dusty thoughts in your heart at this moment.
"We're in a race against time now"
At present, there are more than 2,000 registered people in Jinhe Town, all of whom are Han Chinese, belonging to the Chaoshan ethnic group, and speak the Leizhou dialect of the Minnan language family. There are Deng, Chen, Wu, Lin, Li, Yan, Zhang, Cai, Zeng, Huang, Zheng, Wash, Tan, Wang, Liu, Zhou, Ye, Xie, Ou, Hong, Dong, Wei, Fu, Han, Su, Mai and other surnames. Deng Junjie, secretary and director of the party branch of the city's village committee, told Nandu reporters that the ancestors of these residents migrated to The City of Jinnansuo from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong or Fujian, Guangfu, Guangxi, and even Sichuan and Yunnan in their early years, and then married and had children on the spot and took root in the City of Jinnanshou. But no matter where it originally came from, the people in the city agree that the city with a history of more than 600 years is a precious heritage left by the ancestors and is worth cherishing.
In April 2005, the People's Government of Xuwen County announced that the village in the city was a cultural relics protection unit of the "Ming Dynasty Treasure Bag Thousand Households City Ruins". At the same time, the village committee of Jinhe Town set up the "Leading Group for the Protection of Ancient Cultural Relics in the Early Ming Dynasty" and the "Leading Group for the Declaration of Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Units in the Ming Dynasty Thousand Households" headed by Deng Junjie, which is dedicated to the rescue, protection and restoration of the ruins of the Thousand Households. In April 2019, Jinnanshou City was designated as a cultural relics protection unit in Guangdong Province.
Deng Jun told the Nandu reporter that due to various reasons, in just over 10 years, the ancient city wall has been seriously eroded, and some have even dropped by 70 or 80 centimeters, "If we do not pay attention to it and protect it, future generations will not be able to see it." "However, for the protection of the ancient city, Deng Junjie bluntly said that there are two major difficulties at present, one is the lack of protection funds, and the other is the lack of expert guidance." We are now in a race against time. ”
Legend of the ancient city
"Calling Tuding City" has a good idea
According to the guide Mr. Deng Jiarui, in fact, the city was not built on the current site at the beginning, but the ancestors used the scheme to "earn" it. Before the establishment of the city, it was called "Xin'an Village". It is said that at that time, Wu Jie, the Marquis of Anlu, was ordered to choose a site to prepare for the construction of the city, and found that in addition to Xin'an Village, which was suitable for building the city, there was also the Naban Village opposite Beigang, and the topography of the two places was almost exactly the same. Just when Wu Jie was undecided, a squire came up with the idea that building a city must be expensive, and the land will be expensive. It is better to take two places of mud and weigh one, and where it is heavy, choose where to build a city. Just when the two sides weighed the proportion of soil, the villagers of Xin'an Village quietly mixed iron sand into the soil, so that the soil of Xin'an Village was naturally heavier than the soil of Naban Village, so Wu Jie set the city site in Xin'an Village, which is the famous story of "Calling Tuding City".
Ancient city customs
Thousands of empty alleys make the Lantern Festival
The annual Lantern Festival is the essence of the traditional folk culture of the urban and rural areas of The Jinnan institute, and the annual Lantern Festival lasts for two days and three nights, starting from the thirteenth night of the first lunar month and ending on the night of the fifteenth night of the first month.
On the thirteenth night of the first month, when the lanterns are turned on to make a lantern, the villagers will carry lanterns, torches, hold bunting flags, dance lions, drive floats, and carry shrines to parade in the streets and alleys of the city, at this time, every household will worship the gods with tea and fruit incense candles, set off cannons to greet, and the lights of the city will be bright, like daylight.
The fourteenth day of the first month is the most lively day of the Lantern Festival, and the head of state of Jinnanshou City will unite with the villagers of Jinhe Town and Xiayang Town to visit the gods together. After arriving, according to the established order, the floats were driven (there were real people dressed in costumes on the roof of the floats), holding bunting flags, dancing lions, playing gongs and drums, blowing locks, carrying shrines, along the way incense candles were full of fireworks, firecrackers roared continuously, the traffic was busy, the water was not clear, and the team of wandering gods was several kilometers long.
After touring Jinnan City, the team entered the various avenues and shrines in Jinnan City, and finally gathered in front of the Jinnan City Cultural Center Theater to worship god and watch thunder dramas. The villagers have already arranged the sacrifices such as pigs and chickens in a neat row, waiting for the lion dance to worship the gods. In addition to the annual sitting on the top of the car and wearing the arrow, there is also the rattan card knot tower lion dance, its performance is very skillful, by the team members in the three (or several layers) of the knot tower on the lion dance to win the lottery, each floor is the use of people to support the rattan card up, the top is a single rattan card to let the lion dance on it, thrilling kung fu home, breathtaking, attracting the applause of the audience.
On the fifteenth day of the first month, after touring JinnanCheng, Jinshi and Dongmenxia Village, the team will swim to Dongmenxia Village after touring Jinnancheng City, Jinshi Avenues and Shrines, and after touring the avenues, shrines and Dongmen Xiagang Beach in the village, the team will swim back to the theater shrine to worship the gods and eat fat chickens. Mr. Deng Jiarui, the guide, said that the villagers in Dongmenxia Village have selected their largest and fattest castrated chickens to worship the gods, and will also compete with whose chickens are the largest and fattest.
Chief planner: Rong Mingchang
Planner: Wang Weiguo Wang Jia
Executive: Liu Weiming Chen Weibin
Academic support: Huang Ting, Yang Peina
Thematic co-ordinator: Zhou Peiwen
This issue is written by Nandu reporter Zhou Peiwen
Photo of this issue: N video reporter Zhu Junyi Ruan Zenghao
Video of this issue: N video reporter Chen Cheng Zhu Junyi
This issue of live broadcast: N video reporter Li Heming Ruan Zenghao