The name Daji became a household name due to the wide spread of the "Fengshen Yanyi" and became synonymous with "red face and bad water", whether it is a historical work or a novel movie, Daji has shown a negative image of a snake and scorpion beauty.
According to the "Bamboo Book Chronicle", "In the ninth year of Di Xin (King Sui), Wang Shi cut down Su and obtained Daji to return", which shows that Daji was the spoils of war that King Sui attacked Yousu (also known as Su Guo). It is worth mentioning that in the earlier Western Zhou literature, there is no mention of "daji", but only referred to as "woman".
It was not until the Warring States period that it was clear in the literature that this "woman" was a concubine. According to the archaeological excavations of Su YeFei Ding and Su Wei Fei Ding, it can be known that su guo is a princely state with his own surname that has been established in the Xia Dynasty, so the original meaning of "daji" is to refer to the su state of his own surname woman, in fact, it means "woman".
Dai Ji's home country was defeated by the King of Sui, and he himself became a trophy, so it seems that Daji should be a "victim". But the strange thing is that such a bitter lord not only did not get the sympathy of the Zhou people, but instead became the object of the Zhou Wu King's crusade.
In the pre-war mobilization speech at the Battle of Makino, King Wu of Zhou listed a number of crimes against King Huan, one of which was that "the present King of Shang was only used by the woman's words, and fainted and wantonly answered", and the consciousness was that the King of Shang listened to the words of the woman (Daji) and despised the sacrifice of the ancestors without asking.
In the oracle bones unearthed from the Yin Ruins, the sacrifice divination of the Di Xin period was greatly reduced compared with the Wuding period, so it seems that the sacrifice was indeed abandoned during the reign of the King of Sui, and in the Shang Zhou period, which emphasized the patriarchal ritual system, the wasted sacrifice was indeed a sin, but Dai Ji was only an "accessory" here, and the original sin was the King of Sui.
However, King Wu of Zhou's handling of Dai Ji carried a strong sense of resentment.
The Yi zhou shu Ke Yin records that "(King Wu) is the place of the second daughter, who shoots three shots, and strikes lightly with the right, and slashes at Xuan Qi, and the county xiaobai." The second daughter refers to Dai Ji and Concubine, and in the case that the Shang Dynasty had been destroyed and Dai Ji hanged herself, King Wu of Zhou actually shot three arrows at Dai Ji's body in a row, and then beheaded and hung the flag.
If king Wu of Zhou's decapitation still has the implication of deterring the remnants of Yin Shang's power, then it is confusing for Dai Ji's humiliating behavior. Putting aside the renderings of later literary works, we can't help but ask, what did the real Dai Ji in history do that made King Wu of Zhou so angry?
In fact, the history books before the Warring States, including the Book of Shang, the Chinese, and the Lü Shi Chunqiu, do not say what heinous things Dai Ji specifically did, but only broadly mention that she was favored by the King of Yin and participated in the affairs of Yin Shang.
It was not until the beginning of the Han Dynasty that a series of wrong things done by the King of Lu were blamed on the instigation of Dai Himself, such as setting up a wine pond meat forest, the method of cannon branding, etc., in fact, this is just the "female scourge theory" produced under the patriarchal society, that is, the demise of the dynasty is blamed on women.
Therefore, putting aside the oil and vinegar of the later historians, the most original and credible crime of Dai Ji is actually what King Wu of Zhou said in the "Shang Shu Pastoral Oath": "The present Shang King is only used by the woman.".
What exactly did Dai Ji say and do next to King Huan, so that King Wu of Zhou, who was under the banner of Renjun, would also make such an angry act of insulting the corpse?
This has to start with the Soviet Union.
There is a Su kingdom, and the Xia Dynasty monarch Emperor Huai feng Kun Wu's son established a state in Yousu. After the shang tang destroyed the xia, Yousu became an important fief of the Shang Dynasty. However, it was common for the princes of the Shang Dynasty to rebel when they rebelled, and in the oracle bones found in the archaeology of Yin Ruins, there are often records of yesterday's conquest of a certain country, but it hunted together with the monarch of that country.
Di Xin's conquest of Yousu in the ninth year also fell into this case. In the Shang Dynasty, offering beautiful women to the Shang king was both a sign of submission and an obligation as a prince. The names of concubines such as Broom Zhou, Broom, and BroomStrong found in archaeology are all beautiful women of the Zhou, Concubine, and Xi kingdoms who worshiped the Shang King.
Therefore, after the State of Su had attracted the Shang Dynasty army to cut down the king of Sui, the monarch sacrificed his daughter to the king of The Shang dynasty to show submission, and became the prince of Yin Shang again, which was similar to the situation recorded in the "History" that "the Ninth Marquis had a good daughter and entered the Shang Dynasty", which belonged to the conventional operation at that time and did not feel any humiliation.
Unlike the Western Zhou Dynasty, the politics of the Shang Dynasty never excluded women, such as the women of the Wuding period, who were both the queen of the Shang king and a prince of the party, who could have their own fiefs and armies, and if necessary, they could also go out on behalf of the Shang king.
Judging from the repeated accusations in the literature that the words of the King of Sui were used, Dai Ji did participate in the political affairs of the Shang Dynasty, and behind it represented the political power of the Soviet State. Therefore, rather than saying that Dai Ji was a trophy, it is better to say that Dai Ji was the link between the Su State and an important ally of the Shang Dynasty through marriage, which is quite like the Qin Gongzi Yiren defected to Lady Huayang during the Warring States period and ascended to the throne of the Qin State with the support of the Chu forces.
Why spend so much space talking about the Sioux State? This is because archaeology has found that the Su state's sphere of influence is exactly on the road that the Wu King must go through.
In addition to the heirloom of the Su bronzes, after liberation, China has successively found cultural relics such as Su Cundou and Su Zi Shuding in many places in Henan, combined with the records of the "Zuo Chuan" to learn that the central area of the Su Kingdom is in the southwest of Wen County, Henan, and the territory includes at least the twelve yi of Wen, Yuan, Fan, Meng, and Xin.
This area, located just north of the Gumengjin (Mengjin) ferry port, guards the only way to march into the hinterland of Yin Shang, Chaoge.
Therefore, if the Su kingdom fell to the Western Zhou, then the King of Zhou Wu could smoothly cross the river north to cut down the shang, if the Su state was loyal to the Shang Dynasty, then the king of Zhou Wu wanted to cut the shang, and he could not choose to attack or bypass, which would inevitably give the king more time to transfer troops.
Facts have proved that after offering herself to the Queen of Sui, the State of Yousu was always loyal to Yin Shang and fulfilled the duties of the princes.
Evidence 1: Two years before the Battle of Makino was launched, King Wu of Zhou held the Mengjin Guanbing, and unexpectedly met eight hundred princes, and the strength of the allied army far exceeded that of the Battle of Makino two years later, just when the princes said that "the princes can be cut down", king Wu of Zhou said that "the female (Ru) did not know the Mandate of Heaven" and withdrew. The Mandate of Heaven was only an excuse, and the real reason was that there was a military force in the area around Mengjin, forcing King Wu of Zhou to abandon the move of cutting down merchants. Archaeology has confirmed that the remnants of the Yin Ruins culture in the northern part of Mengjin are exactly where the Su Kingdom is located.
Evidence 2: In the "Pastoral Oath", King Wu listed in detail the princes of the eight kingdoms of Yong, Shu, Qiang, Qi, and Pu who participated in the logging, but did not mention Yousu. However, after the success of the destruction of the Shang, King Wu of Zhou made Su Sheng (historically known as Su Wrath Sheng) the prince of the State of Su, one of the officials of the Nine Qings, Si Kou, and the land was still in Wenyi, after which the State of Su was married to the princely state of Yu guo with the surname Ji for a long time.
This revealed several key pieces of information: first, the State of Su did not join the Alliance of Cutting Silk, otherwise King Wu of Zhou would never have mentioned such a small tribe as The Sui and pu, but never mentioned the State of Su; second, Su Fusheng must have been able to be crowned as a high-ranking official of the Zhou Dynasty sikou with a different surname because of his great merits before and after the cutting; third, the State of Su did not have a monarch at this time (or the monarch was not recognized by the Western Zhou).
In summary, we can know that at this time, the State of Su not only did not join the army of King Wu, but became a hostile force of King Wu, so after the success of the cutting, King Wu of Zhou would separately seal Wrath as the monarch of the State of Su, which meant that Western Zhou abolished the princely states with their own surnames that had been established since the Xia Dynasty.
Therefore, King Wu of Zhou's so-called "only women's words are used", on the one hand, is the incomprehension of Yin Shang women's participation in politics, and on the other hand, it is the resentment of Su Guo and Yin Shang's confrontation with themselves after they married.
After all, King Wen of Zhou had made an extreme move to kill a large number of prisoners after destroying the city when he was fighting against the loyal prince Chonghou Guo of Yin Shang, so it was not difficult to understand that King Wu of Zhou vented his dissatisfaction with the Su state's obstruction of his own army to the disposal of his own body after destroying the Shang.