Comrade | Guevara
Since the death of Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, the national power of the Yuan Dynasty has been like "Wang Xiao'er's New Year", one year is not as good as a year, and only 74 years later it is going to collapse. In fact, the emperors after the Yuan Dynasty were not all incompetent and passable, and there were also monarchs who worked hard and diligently to govern, and Yuan Yingzong's widow Jin Shuode Ba la was a typical representative.
Portrait of Emperor Yuanrenzong
Shuode Bala, the eldest son of Emperor Yuanrenzong's aiyu Li Bali Bada, the ninth Great Khan of the Mongol Khanate and the fifth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, was born in the seventh year of Dade (1303), was made crown prince in the third year of Yanyou (1316), and took the throne in March of the seventh year of Yanyou (1320) at the age of 18. At the beginning of Emperor Yingzong's reign, the government was controlled by his grandmother Hongjira Andiji and the minister of power, Temudi'er, and his administration was constrained at every turn, and it was difficult to make great achievements. Fortunately, Tsubasa and Temudian died of illness two years later (1322), and Emperor Yingzong was able to take charge of the imperial government.
Although Yuan Yingzong was a young tianzi, he had a precocious personality and great ambitions, because he was very worried about the reality of the decline of the country, so he had the heart to save at the beginning of his reign, but due to the constraints of his grandmother and Temudian, he has not been able to achieve his wishes. Therefore, after Emperor Yuan Yingzong took power, he appointed the famous minister Bai Zhu as the Right Minister of Zhongshu, and from February of the third year of zhizhi (1323), he implemented a series of drastic reforms, with the intention of reviving the power of the Yuan Dynasty. These measures mainly include:
Images of Former Eyong
First of all, he pursued the strategy of "ruling the country with Confucianism", and summoned a large number of Han bureaucrats and scholars to the imperial court to help them govern the country. Among them, the best ones include Zhang Jue, Wang Jie, Wang Yue, Wu Xian, Yu Ji and others. The Han scholars who were recruited and promoted were all temporary choices, and their willingness to enter the court as officials not only meant the expansion of the ruling base of the Yuan Dynasty, but also helped to ease the sharp ethnic contradictions between Mongolia and Han.
Second, the "Jin-Aid Conscription Law" was introduced to reduce the burden of poor service on ordinary people. The core point of the law is that the local governments shall, in accordance with a certain ratio, set aside a part of the farmland as "official land" and distribute it to each household that undertakes the errand and use its income to offset the service subsidy, and the government shall not levy taxes. For example, in the Suhu Lake area, "where the people's land is 100 acres, order three acres to enter the official position, for the help of the conscripts." In this way, every household that undertakes the errand can work with peace of mind, while the ordinary people no longer need to perform hard labor, which is of great benefit to stabilizing social order.
《Yuan-to-do》 Partial Contents
Again, codification. After Emperor Yuan Yingzong ascended the throne, he referred to the rules and regulations (i.e., rules and regulations) compiled by Emperor Yuanrenzong during his reign, and added the collection of newly promulgated rules and regulations two years after Yanyou, so as to compile it into the "Great Yuan Tong System" and promulgate it to the world. The "Great Yuan Tong System" is a legal integration with the characteristics of a legal code, and its specific content inherits the ideas of the laws of the Tang and Song dynasties, which plays a positive role in the unified political system and legal process of the Yuan Dynasty, and also shows the good intentions of Yuan Yingzong to declare to the world that the Yuan Dynasty is the orthodoxy of the Central Plains.
Finally, we purged the poison left by the Answering Self and Temudiel cliques and straightened out the officials. Only 2 months after his death, Emperor Yuan Yingzong issued an edict to abolish the Huizheng Yuan, "reducing the dismissal of the Huizheng Yuan's judges and the more than sixty departments of Jianghuai's financial endowment", which is really a fierce and vigorous act. Subsequently, Emperor Yuanyingzong instructed Him to investigate the case of "taking official coins", in order to kill Theimo die'er's son Baligisi and his henchmen Liu Kui, Nang jiatai and others, depose Baligis' brother Suo Nan, and pursue Temu Di'er's official title and gift book. As a result, the henchmen of Answering Himself and Temujin were cut off, which can be described as a great pleasure.
Stills of Timmudier
In addition, Emperor Yuan Yingzong also wanted to change the province of Zhengdong to the province of Samhan, so that it would enjoy the same treatment as other provinces of the Yuan Dynasty. In other words, Goryeo was directly incorporated into the territory of China, and the prefectures and counties were set up to be administered, rather than retaining a semi-independent kingdom. However, Won Young-jong's idea was opposed by Wang Yue, a scholar of Jihyeon-in, who persuaded the emperor to maintain the status quo on the grounds that Goryeo "went to the capital for four thousand miles, the land was barren and the people were poor, and the customs were mixed", and was accepted by Won Young-jong. As a result, Goryeo escaped the fear of national subjugation.
The various reforms implemented by Emperor Yuan Yingzong were historically known as the "New Deal for the Supreme Rule", and the key points of the reforms were unanimously praised by both inside and outside the government and the public, and as soon as they were implemented, they received good results, making the previously weakening national situation improve greatly, and in time it would surely revive the Yuan Dynasty. However, the reforms touched the interests of the conservative Mongol nobility, causing their dissatisfaction, especially the remnants of the Temudian clique, and the new deal was full of bitter hatred. Because of this, an operation that conspired to kill Yuan Yingzong and worship him began to plan in secret.
Iron lost and killed Yuan Yingzong
On the fourth day of The third year of the reign (1323), after Emperor Hidejong ended his annual summer vacation, he returned to Dadu from Shangdu and stayed in Nanpodian, 30 miles south of Shangdu, that night. After Tie Lost learned the news, he gathered a group of conservative nobles who held a grudge against Yuan Yingzong to launch a coup d'état, they first rushed into the tent where he lived and hacked him to death, and then Tie Lost led the crowd into Yuan Yingzong's palace to kill him, known in history as the "Change of the Southern Slope". Yuan Yingzong was only 21 years old when he was killed, less than half a year after he implemented the new policy.
Stills of Yuan Yingzong
After Emperor Yuanyingzong was killed, Tie Que and others carried the jade seal north and proclaimed emperor Emperor Yesun Timur (Emperor Yuanyingzong's cousin). In September of the same year, Yesun Timur was hurriedly located at the Longju River, and immediately changed the yuan to Taiding, and was historically known as the Taiding Emperor. It was from emperor Taiding that the political situation of the Yuan Dynasty was once again plunged into endless chaos and turmoil, and no emperor was able to propose and implement practical reforms, and the country's power declined in free fall, and it took only 45 years to become extinct.
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Historical sources: "YuanShi", "New Yuanshi".