Poetry Culture, History and Art2021-11-16 14:20:54Xuanhua District, located in the northwest of Hebei Province, belongs to Zhangjiakou City. It is bordered by the Inner Mongolian grassland in the north, and is known as the domain of "Shenjing Pinghan".
As of 00:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Xuanhua District was 542,358 people. The total area of the district is 2007 square kilometers. In 2020, the regional GDP reached 17.45 billion yuan. There is a very rare "Warring States Red" agate spirit stone in Xuanhua, China.
Introduction to Xuanhua History
In the Paleolithic Age 10,000 years ago, there were ancestors who multiplied and lived on the land of Xuanhua. According to the investigation of the Yangshao and Longshan cultural sites and excavated stone tools and pottery excavated from The Ruins of Nihewan and Xuanhua City and nearby Liujiayao, Wanghewan, Shuiquan, Zhaochuan, Guanzikou, Baimiao and other places in Xuanhua City, as far as 6,000 years ago, human activities have spread throughout Xuanhua. Archaeologists argue that Xuanhua belongs to the northern edge of the Yanshan Mountains in north China, which has both the cultural characteristics of the Yellow River Basin and the remnants of the Hongshan culture in the north, and is the center of the fusion and convergence of the northern and southern cultures of the Chinese nation, with rich cultural accumulation and great significance for the study of prehistoric culture.
Xuanhua milk grapes
It is a specialty of Xuanhua District, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, and a national geographical indication product of China. Xuanhua milk grapes are crisp and juicy flesh, moderate sour-sweet ratio, rich in glucose, Xuanhua since ancient times to produce grapes and famous, so it has the reputation of "grape city". Milk grapes are also known as Shaying grapes, Xuanhua white milk, white milk, white grapes, agate grapes, horse tits, crisp grapes. Native to the Arabian Peninsula, Eurasian species.
Xuanhua Ancient City was founded in Tang Dynasty and has a history of nearly 1300 years. Xuanhua viticulture has a history of 1300 years since the Tang Dynasty. The name of "half city grape and half city steel" shows the status of Xuanhua grapes in Xuanhua economy. Xuanhua white milk grapes are characterized by their thin skin and crispy flesh, sweet and sour, knife cut and no juice, and excellent quality. It won the "Honorary Product Award" at the "Panama International Exposition" in 1909, and has since been well-known at home and abroad, and is one of the best table grape varieties in northern China.
In 2013, "Xuanhua City Traditional Vineyard" was approved by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as a pilot of globally important agricultural cultural heritage, becoming the first urban agricultural cultural heritage in the world to be selected as a pilot site of "Globally Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage".
Origin of Xuanhua grapes
Legend has it that when Zhang Qian of the Han Dynasty went to the Western Regions, he introduced grape varieties from Dawan through the "Silk Road", and there is also the earliest monk who introduced them from the Western Regions.
According to legend, the earliest grape was introduced by a monk from the Western Regions in the Shi'en Monastery in the west of the Drum Tower, and was gradually introduced to the front house of the farmhouse for self-food, cooling and ornamentation.
In the poem "Shanggu" by the Jin Dynasty poet Liu Yingyong, there is a sentence that "the grapes fall in autumn, and the peony medicine is full of trees in spring". In the Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of Yuan "ordered the cultivation of Xuande (i.e., Xuanhua) in Xijing" and spent gold and silver to hire people to cultivate. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, cultivation was greatly prevalent.
After the Completion and Opening of the Beijing-Zhang Railway in 1909. The scale of Xuanhua grape cultivation has expanded rapidly. Xuanhua grapes have excellent quality and unique flavor, and were once the "precious fruit" tribute of the Qing Dynasty court.
Among the cultural relics excavated from the Xuanhua Liao Tomb, dried grapes dating back more than 1,000 years and a porcelain bottle of brown-red liquid were found. The fruit wine tested by the National Cultural Relics Appraisal Center as a grape wine proves that the wine has a history of more than a thousand years in Xuanhua, China. An old vine in Xuanhuaguanhou Village is 1,000 years old and is known as the "world's first grape old vine".
Xuanhua history and culture
"Shanggu County" is the oldest and loudest name in the annals of History of Xuanhua. Located in the Sangan River Valley, this ancient land in the Xuanzhuo Basin should be the oriental homeland of human ancestors.
The Group of Paleolithic sites in Nihe Bay, 60 kilometers southwest of it, proves that humans began to live on this land more than two million years ago. In Zhuolu, 40 kilometers southeast of it, the Yellow Emperor and the Yandi tribe once launched the Hanquan and Zhuolu Wars, thus integrating and originating Chinese civilization.
Xuanhua District, from the literature, the size of Xuanhua City has not changed much from the Tang Dynasty to the present. The walls of Xuanhua City are about 500 meters long on each side, which is similar to the Zhou Li. In the Book of Examination Workers, "the city of the Son of Heaven is nine miles, then the seven miles of the Zhigong, the five miles of the Bohou, and the three miles of the son and the man" are roughly consistent. The location of the city is roughly within the range of Bell Tower West Street and east of Huangcheng Bridge North Street. The original Xuanhua City was all Tucheng.
Xuanhua Province is the first capital city in the west of Beijing, so it is called "the first capital in western Beijing". Erected on the west side of the Zhenshuo Tower, the inscription "Records of Xuanhua New City" written by Luo Xiangxin, the imperial envoy of the Ming Dynasty, describes it as follows: "Xuanfu Guyouzhou Territory, Qin Shanggu County, Yuan Xuande Province, Hoshino Dangzhimu, Into the Tail One Degree, Loam Fertile Yan, Four Mountains Mingxiu, Yanghe River through its south, Liuchuan out of its north, Ancient and Modern Si as a giant town, Hengsu heavy troops to control the Northern Di." ”
Xuanhua Ancient City has undergone too much tempering. Grasping a handful of loess of history and culture, relying on a body of moss on the Great Wall, people's praise for the ancient city, and a monument integrated into Chinese history. Although the archway of "Gushanggu County" is now difficult to find, it still stands on the 10,000-meter city wall. Witness the ancient vicissitudes of historical traces.
The ancient city of Xuanhua, as early as the Qin Dynasty became Shanggu County, one of the famous nine towns of the Great Wall during the Ming Dynasty, one of the 72 provinces in the country during the Qing Dynasty, and is now a famous historical and cultural city in Hebei Province, known as the "First Capital in Western Beijing".
Monument to the Protection of Cultural Relics
Xuanhua District is rich in ancient cultural sites, ancient tombs, ancient city sites, ancient temples and revolutionary cultural relics buildings of various historical periods, mainly including 3 national key cultural relics protection units, Qingyuan Lou, Zhenshuo Lou, Xiabaliliao Tomb Group 1 District; Hebei Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Unit 5, Xuanhua City Gongji Tower, Wulongbi, Shi'en Temple Hall, Chahar Provincial Democratic Government Site, Xiabaliliao Tomb Group 2 Districts; Zhangjiakou City Cultural Relics Protection Unit 1, Lihua Temple Tower; 24 district-level cultural relics protection units.
The tomb shapes of the Liao Dynasty mural tombs in Xuanhua, Hebei Province, are diverse, including double-chamber tombs and single-chamber tombs, as well as square, circular, hexagonal, octagonal and so on. The tomb is composed of a tomb passage, a tomb door, and a burial chamber, and most of the tombs are brick carved imitation wood structures, with unique shapes and exquisite workmanship, showing the architectural style of the Liao Dynasty. Excavated in 1993, the Tomb of Baliliao in Xuanhua was excavated, and exquisite murals reflecting the contents of Xing, Sanle, Tea Ceremony, Celestial Stars, etc., were found, and were rated as "Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in China" in 1993.
Article collation and editing, abbreviated original, history and culture of Xuanhua District, Zhangjiakou, China.