This year marks the 410th anniversary of Fang Yizhi's birth and the 350th anniversary of his death on the occasion of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Seeing some commemorative activities related to him, not a lot, but there was always a bit of sound and movement. This reminds me of a figure who is a fellow villager and very close to Fang Yizhi. Qian Chengzhi, an old man in the field.
In Nanjing in the winter of 380 years ago, in 1641, in the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, the Chongzhen Emperor, who was rigid and self-conscious and sensitive, became more and more anxious and rebellious, and was almost chaotic in internal and external difficulties. The times are difficult and the people's hearts are floating, and nanjing, as the capital of Zhu Mingliu, although there is a Natural Graben of the Yangtze River, how can it stay out of the matter?
On this winter night, there was light snow and jade trees. Somewhere north of Nanjing, there was a gathering of Ya, most of the participants were Tongcheng literati who lived in Jinling, and the convener was Fang Yingqian, the son of Fang Damei, a famous eunuch in Tongcheng. On such a noisy and noisy occasion, there is Fang Yizhi, who stands out from the wind in Yushu, and Qian Chengzhi, who is uncertain and a little Fang Yizhi who is one year old.
Seeing that he was about to reach the end of his life, but he had not achieved anything, and the corruption of the situation was even more difficult to sleep, Qian Chengzhi could not help but have emotional fluctuations and was confused. Others coaxed the poem, he sighed for no reason, and wrote a five-word long poem of "The Chronicle of the White Gate of the Moving Home" that was painful and tear-inducing. This poem is about the war in the north of Jiangsu, and everything is helpless to come to the south. However, Qian Chengzhi's family came to Jinling, and the house was rented in a corner of the west of the city, and there was another reason, that he wanted to participate in the township examination again, and the so-called autumn was imminent.
Jinling Victory Shitao
Let's talk about Qian Chengzhi's previous encounters.
Born in 1612, Qian Chengzhi, originally named Bing stirrups, the word drinking light, also the word Young Light, the late field old man, the West Stubborn Dao people, Anhui Zongyang County people. Qian Chengzhi's ancestors can be traced back to Wuyue Qianhao in the season of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms of the Tang Dynasty. In Zhu Ming's era, when qian, the chief of the Punishment Department, actually complained about Li Shanchang's involvement in the Hu Weiyong case. Money is naturally given to death, not skinned and cramped, even if the emperor is generous. Qian Shi was a Fengyang man, and then he had money such as Jing, hongzhi fifteen years of jinshi, tired officials to Nanjing Punishment Department Shangshu, and later zhishi returned to Yintongxi. Qianshi and Qianru Kyoto are the ancestors of Qian Chengzhi.
Qian Chengzhi had five brothers, he was the youngest, and at an early age he studied from his father and uncle and read a wide range of books. At the beginning of Chongzhen, there was a royal history patrol to Anhui, protecting the many, and honoring Weihe. Fang Bao mentioned this matter in the tomb table written for Qian Chengzhi: "There is Yu Shi, the reverse castration of the Yu Dang, the patrol to Anhui, the Sheng Wei Yi Gurudwara Confucius Temple, the spectators are blocked, and the sentient beings are greeted." The gentleman suddenly pulled the cart and went to collect his tent, the crowd did not know what he was doing, Yushi was horrified, ordered to stop, and the drowning had spilled his clothes. Mr. Xu Zheng is dressed in a crown, and Zhi Lichang is denigrating it. Dozens of people from the donkey looked at each other and did not dare to move. "Qian Cheng's disease is as evil as a vendetta, and he stands up and is just in the name of Ah," yu is famous all over the world. ”
Qian Chengzhi and Ruan Dacheng had relatives and friendships, but Ruan Chengzhi's eunuch party recognized Wei Zhongxian as his righteous father, and Qian Chengzhi was extremely contemptuous of him, tit-for-tat, and did not share the heavens.
Qian Chengzhi took the county exam at the age of sixteen and ranked fourth in the middle. After traveling to Nanjing, he repeatedly failed to be lifted. He had befriended Chen Zilong, Xia Yunyi, Qian Tang and other celebrities, and also got acquainted with Qian Tang, a native of Jiashan Weitang, and had a sense of seeing each other and hating the evening. At that time, Qian Tang was serving in the Nanjing Bureaucracy's Literary Selection Department, about to be promoted to Guangdong Yandao, and he invited Qian Chengzhi to either go to Jiashan to sit in his home or accompany him to Linghai to take up his post. Qian Cheng thought about it again and again, and agreed to it. Qian Chengzhi thus left Nanjing and went to Jiashan.
At the beginning of the year of Jiashen, the Chongzhen Emperor's "Edict of Sin and Self- Self" was promulgated in the world, but the general situation was like this, and the return to heaven was powerless. Shortly thereafter, Beijing fell, which became the change of Jiashen. Such a drastic event is a huge impact on anyone, even qian Chengzhi, who is not in a prominent position, has a sense of whirlwind and all thoughts. How will the situation develop? Can the royal family move south like the Zhao and Song dynasties to ensure a safe corner? In the home of Qian Shisheng's father and son, the information is still quite well-informed, qian Chengzhi wrote "On the Southern Crossing", even if he discusses the general trend of the world, it is not completely out of words, on paper, and on the views of scholars. Sure enough, soon there were three plans for The King of Yonglifu, the King of Lu, and the King of Gui, and the second came. But in the end, it was The Fu King's plan to make a quick start, which was the extremely bad later Hongguang Small Imperial Court. Ma Shiying, Ruan Dacheng and others were blinded by the general situation, monopolized power and arbitrary government, and cruelly persecuted the Fushe literati, so Qian Chengzhi sneaked to Zhejiang again under a pseudonym to hide.
In 1645, the Qing army attacked Nanjing, and the small court of Hongguang collapsed, making birds and beasts scattered. Duoduo, the king of Yu, asked King Fu why he had not been edicted and claimed the title of emperor without permission. Why not organize forces against the Manchus? I am still in Yangzhou and have not crossed the river, so why did you abandon the city and flee? Duo Duo asked three questions, and the Fu King, who did not know three questions, could only sweat like pulp at this moment. Dodo sighed at such a person, how could he expect something from him? Qian Chengzhi's participation in the uprising against the Qing Failed, and his wife Fang And his daughter were martyred.
The Southern Ming Longwu Dynasty was based on the Seven Fujian Fuzhou, qian Chengzhi heard the news, and immediately rushed with his son, "Rough two months, the beginning of the arrival of Minguan." Qian was appointed as the Director of Yanping on the recommendation of his teacher, Huang Daozhou. Shortly thereafter, the Longwu Dynasty collapsed in Tingzhou, and Qian Chengzhi was spared because he was out on business. He hid in the countryside, and heard that the Southern Ming Dynasty was established in Guangdong, so he entered Guangdong from Fujian. In the third year of the Yongli Calendar, Qian Chengzhi took the Yongli Dynasty Examination and was awarded the title of Shu Jishi, and later moved to edit and revise. At that time, "the Great Edict ordered Si Bing stirrups to look at the grass." Qian Chengzhi was also extremely this small imperial court, repeatedly writing and talking about things, hoping that the situation would improve and restore the rivers and mountains. However, at present, the strong enemy is like a dangerous egg, and the eternal history of the dynasty, the fierceness of the party struggle, the senselessness of the dispute, people are speechless. Qian Cheng saw that nothing could be done, so he left Wuzhou in the autumn of the fourth year of the Yong Calendar and went to Guilin to sing peace with Qu Shiyi, who remained in Guilin. After that, he ran around and fled, wearing stars and wearing the moon, and returned to his hometown in the winter and December of the fifth year of the Eternal Calendar. During this time, Qian Chengzhicai changed his current name to escape the Qing court's search, and he also wished fa to become a monk, calling himself Xi Stubborn.
It is said that after the Qing soldiers entered Nanjing, they reiterated the shaving order, which caused a strong reaction in Jiangnan, "The shaving order is downward, and it is sad to take care of each other." The three Wu boiled at the same time and rebelled one after another. In August, "the people of Jiaxing unveiled thousands of people." Qian Tang destroyed his home to pay him, and Qian Chengzhi also participated. After the defeat of the army, Qian Tang committed suicide by throwing himself into the water.
Qian Chengzhi's grief was very great, and for the next forty years, most of them lived in seclusion in the countryside and studied hard. However, in the autumn of 1654, the eleventh year of Shunzhi, more than ten years after the change of Jiashen, Qian Chengzhi returned to Jinling and met Fang Yizhi. For the rest of your life, things are human. Gathered again under the Stone City, I was really speechless and tearful. He heard Fang Yizhi say that Ma Guozhu, the governor of Liangjiang, asked Wu Meicun and others to persuade him to cooperate with the Manchu Qing, but he refused. Fang Yizhi also shared his "East and West" with Qian Chengzhi. The two met this time, roughly at the Tianjie Temple near Yuhuatai.
In 1655, Qian Chengzhi returned to Jinling and had a long interview with the famous Qian Qianyi at the Linggu Temple, and had an in-depth discussion on Zheng Chenggong's northern expedition. For the next three years, Qian Chengzhi took refuge in Nanjing, living near the Elephant Taming Gate in the southwest of the ancient city. In 1658, Zheng Chenggong and Zhang Huangyan went up the river and directly approached Jinling, shaking the government and the opposition. After that, Zheng and Zhang were defeated and almost all lost, when they were in Shunzhi for fifteen years. The Juelang monk of the Celestial Realm Temple died at this time, perhaps because of despair? Monk Juelang was Fang Yizhi's master and was also very familiar with Qian Chengzhi.
After the defeat, the Qing court searched for and arrested the dissidents in the city. Qian Cheng's situation was more difficult, but he still wanted to observe and make a decision. Who knew that his friends who had thought he had reported him to ask for credit, and had put individual sentences in the poem on the line and arbitrarily weaved. Qian Chengzhi called these two little people the "wild beak" and "wild bark" of a mouse and a dog. However, such betrayal and harm is too exaggerated and disgraceful, and the authorities have been tracking it down for several months. Helpless, Qian Chengzhi could only bid farewell to Jinling and drift again.
In 1671, the tenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the year of Xinhai, Fang Yizhi died, at the age of 60, his son was imprisoned, many people were arrested, and the prison was rebuilt. The wind and rain are coming, and Qian Cheng cannot sit idly by and ignore it. In the spring of 1672, he went back to Nanjing, then to Jiashan, and then from Suzhou to Beijing, where he mediated in many ways and met Gong Dingzi, Gu Yanwu, Zhang Ying, Yao Wenran, Kunshan Sanxu, Zhu Yizun, Han Zhao, etc. It was also due to various factors, and finally the Cantonese case in which Fang Yizhi was implicated was settled relatively gently. Gu Yanwu once had "Yanzhong Gift Money Editing Bing stirrups":
Qin Huai will be twenty years old, and the end of the world will still be there.
Broken smoke and weeping bamboo, bald pen poignant text to rise the sea.
Yanshi chicken chirping passenger ship, nine doors chi road full of yellow dust.
When they meet, they don't see Jintai, but they say that Jing Ke is a wine man.
In 1693, in the thirty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty, on the first day of September, Qian Chengzhi died at the age of eighty-two in Xitianzhuang, a wheat garden in Zongyang.
Qian Chengzhi was born in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, originally a show talent, in the Yongli Dynasty to win a Shu Jishi, but he was determined to oppose the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, made great sacrifices, his "Nandu Theory", "Min Theory", "Cantonese Theory", including some of the song, are not general theories, but full of insight. He made a wide range of friends, wrote a lot of poems, and the words he left behind are still catchy to read so far, and there is no sense of violation. He is also related to Nanjing, and several times he came to participate in the township examination was a feather. But whether before or after the change of JiaShen, he had many traces and many poems in Nanjing. Next year is the 410th anniversary of his birth, and for such a figure, it should not be obscured.
Wang Zhenyu
Proofread su yun
Source: Purple Cow News