Four anecdotes about Qian Cheng
Qian Yizhu
Qian Chengzhi (1612-1693), the 26th grandson of King Qian of Wuyue, a famous scholar and poet of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, was a native of Zongyang County, Anhui. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (the first year of the reign of Qing Shunzhi), he began the most difficult and bumpy life journey in his life with Jiang Zuo yisheng, at the age of 33, until the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651) at the age of 40. These eight years of experience can be described as a legend of ups and downs, nine deaths in a lifetime. Clips here are anecdotal fragments of them for the benefit of the reader.
First, the death of Zhenze
In 1644, another ethnic minority in China, the Manchu Qing army, captured the Beijing Division (present-day Beijing, China), then went south to conquer the Central Plains, and began the history of the Qing Empire that ruled China for nearly three hundred years. On March 19, after the Qing army entered the city, Ming Chongzhen Zhu Youjian was hanged on a small tree on coal mountain, which can be described as tragic and magnificent. On the first day of May, Zhu Yousong, the Prince of Fu, was welcomed into Nanjing by Ma Shiying and others, and on the fifteenth day, he officially assumed the throne as emperor and changed his name to Yuan Hongguang. In 1645, the Qing army conquered Jiangnan and conquered Nanjing, Zhu Yousong was held in Wuhu, then sent to Beijing, and killed by the Qing army the following year. Following Longwu and Yongli, the small court of the Southern Ming Dynasty also began eighteen years of inclination and struggle.
Ma Shiying, the nemesis of Wei Zhongxian, also attempted to make a comeback, and he immediately used the stinking Ruan Dacheng, and in the process of fleeing, he did not forget to take crazy revenge and liquidation against the former opposition Donglin Party. In May and June 1644, Nguyễn Đồng Đạng Đại Đồng Đạng Đồ So Ti rode out, the chicken flew and the dog jumped, and Qian Chengzhi changed his name and fled to Wu City (present-day Wujiang District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). His wife, Fang, was also wanted in her hometown and had nowhere to hide, so she fled east to Wutang (present-day Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu) with her young children and daughters. In the cold winter moon, the husband and wife on the small boat met each other, looking miserable, haggard with each other, and almost unrecognizable. Later, he and his children hid in Jiashan (present-day Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province) and their friend Qian Zhongyi (名棅, zi Zhongyi, 号約庵). A native of Jiashan Weitang Town. The official went to Guangdong to live temporarily in the family of Cha Si Youshi.
In 1645, after the Qing army occupied Yangzhou, it soon broke through Zhenjiang, took Guazhou, and reached Nanjing, where 200,000 to 300,000 officers and troops guarding Nanjing surrendered one after another. In May, the Qing army successfully entered the city of Nanjing, and the Hongguang Emperor fled to Wuhu, where he soon became a prisoner and was escorted to Beijing for execution. In June and July of that year, Ruan Dacheng began to prepare for the surrender of the Qing, and he exchanged letters with his colleagues who had already descended from the Qing Dynasty, and became an undercover agent of the Qing army a year in advance. But in the end, he died in Cong Shan on the way to fight for the Qing army (died in Xianxialing, Fujian Province, leading the way for the Qing army), and ended up with a shameful name that has been cursed for thousands of years.
This year is a year in which Ruan Dacheng is about to perish, extremely vicious, and rampant, and for Qian Cheng's family, it is also the year that a huge disaster began. In the spring of that year, the castrated ruan dajiao's pursuit of dissidents was tightened, and Qian Cheng's family had to move to the back of a Sun family's house outside the city. In order to make a living, Qian Chengzhi worked in the Jiading shogunate, saw that the official report was wanted for arrest, so he asked the county order for leave to get out, and the county order that had decided to surrender Qian Mo was not allowed, and wanted to arrest Qian Chengzhi and offer it to Ruan Dacheng to ask for merit and reward, and the situation was very critical. Qian Chengzhi wrote a note and quietly delivered it to the family boy, telling him to go out and quickly find Qian Zhongyi. When Qian Zhongyi, Jiang Rusu, and others heard the letter, they immediately entered the palace and negotiated with the county order, designing to let Qian Chengzhi escape. Qian Chengzhi left Jiading Province, so he had to change his clothes and mix with Wujiang.
At this time, the Qing army had occupied the city of Hangzhou, and Baylor wanted to send troops back to the Division to suppress the Su and Yang anti-Qing forces. The three Wu Ding boiled and organized volunteer soldiers one after another, preparing to resist. Qian Zhongyi and others also organized a rebel army, Qian Chengzhi participated in it and helped plan, and they also got in touch with Chen Zilong and Xu Fuyuan in Yunjian and agreed to start a joint uprising. But since the rebels were made up of peasants, most of whom had no combat experience, some even wanted to gain personal gain in times of chaos. In addition, the rebels did not have a unified command, let alone a well-organized leadership structure and personnel, and careful planning. Qian Zhongyi guarded the land supply according to Qian Chengzhi, and he led the rebel army against the Qing army, first defeating Zhenze and then seeking to enter Fujian.
On August 17, the rebel fleet suddenly encountered the Qing army in the Fenhu Lake, and the Qing army shelled and the rebel ships caught fire and sank. The Qing army searched for the unsinked ships one by one, they forced Qian Chengzhi's wife Fang's ship, got on the boat, raised the knife to see the person, poked, Fang clan held the young child in his arms, from the bow of the boat to avoid the stern, the Qing soldiers chased, Fang resolutely embraced the two young children and jumped into the lake (the incident is recorded in history). After Fang's death, he received a fatal poem on his body: "A woman is born with a thin body and a lot of life, how about floating with her husband?" Moving boats were in flames everywhere, and they died as a wave of Wujiang. Qian Chengzhi's crying and knowing: "Zhenze corpse floated through the city crying, Fenhu poetry out of the ten thousand people." It is said that the people of Fenhu praised the martyrs of the Fang Clan for their death. In this catastrophe, Qian Cheng's family was destroyed, and only he and his eldest son Fazu escaped the disaster.
Second, come back from the dead
After Zhen Ze's martyrdom, Qian Chengzhi, with the help of his friends Xu Yangxin and Shen Yulong and others, hastily gathered his wife and stored the coffin in a Puji Temple that had fallen into disrepair for many years, and began his exile again. First go to Pucheng, and then change from the waterway to take a boat to Minxi. Entering Mincheng, it was time for Tsukasa Zaizeng Sakura to preside over the examiner, and Qian Chengzhi rushed to apply for the examination, and the first place in the name signature was awarded the Yanping Pushing Officer.
In 1646, the situation changed drastically, and the small court of the Southern Ming Dynasty moved east and west, drifting uncertainly. On August 15, Yanping became the office of the imperial court again. Qian Chengzhi was sent to the countryside to collect military slogans. Arriving at Gongchuan (gongchuan town in the north of present-day Yong'an City, Fujian), he instructed the county order to send the existing stocks to Tingzhou (one of the five major prefectures in Fujian in the old days), but the county order did not comply, and asked Qian Chengzhi to accompany him to surrender to the Qing army. This sudden situation put Qian Cheng in a very dangerous situation. He responded calmly, urgently disbanded the officials, and took advantage of the dark night to rush to Tingzhou with the accompanying old officials. When it came to the naturalized Hufang Village, wenting that Tingzhou had been destroyed, the imperial court fled elsewhere, and Qian Chengzhi only got ShaXian to live. At this time, Shaxian County was already in chaos, some bandits plundered in the name of righteous soldiers, and its leader, Luo Lian, colluded with the Jiangxi bandit Liu Qiu to suddenly break into Qian Chengzhi's residence, plundered his possessions, tied him tightly with ropes, and Qian Chengzhi, who did not stop from illness, was extremely weak and fainted on the ground, and the bandits prepared to be killed at dawn to make the town people powerful. The situation is critical! Qian Chengzhi's side of a battle official, in the chaos, escaped from the house, ran on the street and shouted: "The bandits are going to kill qian Tuiguan, everyone is going to save people!" Because Qian Chengzhi traveled to and from Shaxian County, his poems were widely recited by people, and everyone knew that he was a patriotic poet, so the people of the whole city shouted for help, and the bandits worried about the small number of people, afraid that it would be difficult to kill Qian Chengzhi and go out of the city, so they abandoned it. And the crowd helped untie the ropes and feed some soup, and Qian Chengzhi woke up in the middle of the night, this time, he picked up a life again. However, after more than three months of illness, thanks to the well-meaning people taking turns to care and treat him, it was only when he was once again difficult not to die and come back to life.
3. Tianzi protégé
1649 was the most proud and unforgettable year in Qian Cheng's life. This year, he realized his life values and ideals with his personal talent, which made his political ambitions reach the peak.
At that time, although the Yongli Emperor of the Southern Ming Court fled to a corner of the Southern Kingdom, he still had illusions about the current situation, hoping that his subjects and troops would be able to compete with the Qing army for a long time. Therefore, he also wanted to improve the efficiency of the work of the officials of the imperial court through changes. He used the method of the temple test to gather talents for his use. At this time, Qian Chengzhi also went from orthodox thinking to opposing foreign invasions, to the destruction of the country and the death of the family, and was forced to the end of the road of ironclad restoration and anti-Qing. Although he also knew that there was little hope, he had no choice, he was born as a Ming chen, died as a ghost, and he and the Yongli Emperor were already in the same ship that had lost their power.
In September, a friend Li Iyi, who was traveling in Duanzhou (present-day Duanzhou District, Zhaoqing City, Guangzhou), wrote a letter to a friend who was in Guangzhou at the time
Qian Chengzhi told him that the Yongli Emperor would choose the day Linxuan to enter the museum and return the book quickly. He rushed from Yangcheng to Duanzhou, and Qu Jiaxuan, who remained behind (the minister of the imperial court), had recommended Qian Chengzhi to the shortlist. After the initial examination, the Yongli Emperor heard that there were drawbacks in the examination, so he decided to take the test himself. On December 24, the yongli hall examination was officially held, and the participants were recommended by the ministers of the imperial court with more than three pins, a total of more than ten people. In the temple examination, the Yongli Emperor personally came to the palace, and the officers on duty roll called one by one, kneeling to play the resume and place of origin, and verify the qualifications of the candidates. Then the question was finalized, "Shifting the 'Analects' before the 'Zhongyong'. "From morning until midnight, the emperor did not leave his position, the examination was over, and the seal was brought back to the palace by the attendants. On the afternoon of the twenty-fifth day, the emperor and his assistant ministers read the papers and took the first eight to enter the army, and Qian Cheng's name was Bing stirrups and the second title.
Shang: "This special prize is different from the examination. Cabinet and Officials: Emperor Huan tried to take eight members, including Liu Wei, Qian Bingpi, Yang Zai, Li Lai, Wu Longzhen, Yao Zisun, Tu Hongyou, and Yang Zhihe, and was immediately awarded the Title of Non-Commissioned Officer of the Hanlin Academy. ”
The officials around Emperor Shi Yongli who specialized in edicts (which were to be written in the Holy Will) were not very satisfied. The auxiliary minister Shanyin ordered Zhu Shu Jishi to submit it immediately in a draft with more than a dozen edicts, qian Chengzhifan's eleven edicts were presented, and Shanyin read Bi Daxi: "How come these edicts are written properly under your hands!" "Immediately, the Emperor was entrusted with a special edict (a special divine official), so Qian Chengzhi followed the imperial boat and did not leave the left and right.
Fourth, wisdom out of the tiger's mouth
In 1651, the Yongli Emperor Zhu Youluo continued to flee westward, less than a few years before his final demise. The speed of its escape was so fast that Qian Cheng's infantry brigade could not keep up. This was also caused by the destiny of Heaven, and Qian Chengzhi, who was separated from the line, began to distance himself from the destruction of the flesh, laying a foundation and possibility for the difficult years and literary achievements of the second half of his life for more than forty years. Returning to his hometown as soon as possible and becoming Qian Cheng's helpless is also the only option.
In early spring and February, Qing soldiers occupied Wuzhou (梧州, in modern Wuzhou, Guangxi), and returned from Sanjia Village to sweep the mountains and suppress the remnants of the Ming army. Qian Cheng's desire to pass through eastern Guangdong and return to the north through Fujian. On the way, he encountered Huaiji County (淮吉县, in present-day Huaiji County, north of Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province) passing by in a sedan car, and his subordinates all held white blades, met and interrogated, and qian Chengzhi's companions were many people, and many words did not agree, so they were detained by the canonical history. Accompanying the group to a house where Yi Bao chang stayed, during the conversation, Dian Shi learned that Qian Chengzhi was a poet and was still courteous. When searching for luggage, the pawns were allowed to enter. Qian Chengzhi said: "You let me go, all the luggage will be given away, but it will be enough to leave the quilt and some travel expenses." "Canonical promises. The three or four people around Dian Shi were all Chu people, all of whom knew Qian Chengzhi, and the only guandong Liu surname was vicious and fearsome, and Gan Shangxuan, who was traveling with Qian Chengzhi, talked with him in detail, exposing Qian Chengzhi's true identity, and Dian Shi was shocked and did not let him go. Qian Chengzhi saw his mutation and urgently asked his eldest son Fazu to take him first. At the same time, he stabilized the canonical history and said, "I know that Junjun is not seen to be released, but Gan weng can be released, right?" The canon said, "Yes." So Qian Chengzhi whispered Gan Weng: "You abandon your own clothes, put on my clothes, there is a little road in the clothes, and find my son to accompany you." The next day, Qian Chengzhi walked with the history of the classics, and a porter asked: "Sir, many luggage, can there be gold and silver geometry?" Qian Chengzhi whispered to him, "There is not much silver, hundreds of ears; there are quite a few gold beads." "In fact, it is nothing, and it is intended to be designed to alienate them. The Kanto surname Liu said, "The jewels are all in the box next to Dianshi, right?" This person has no conscience, he is not safe to take you away, you should run away as soon as possible. Qian Chengzhi said, "He just explained me to Old Master Ma, I was about to go, so why should I escape?" Taking the opportunity, he asked Liu surname: "Do you have gold and silver geometry?" How many beads are there? The man said, "They have divided many, and I have only one knife." Qian Chengzhi then said, "You are wrong, the Chu people are actually very weak, and yesterday several of my men did not dare to fight with you, mainly because they were afraid of you." Those possessions should be given to you more, so why should they have more? Hearing this, the surname Liu was very angry, because he said to Qian Chengzhi: "You should still run away early, this person is greedy for money, he will never release you to his superior, he wants to do something to you halfway, who will do justice for you?" Qian Chengzhi said, "I am about to flee, and you should chase after him, so you can use an excuse to act." Liu said: "I don't chase you, who will chase you, can he chase you alone?" Qian Chengzhi then spoke with the other three people, and also picked them, and the three people spoke the same language as Liu. At this point, Qian Chengzhi felt that the time was ripe and knew that he could get out, so he let the servants cook immediately, eat and talk with the canon, and calmly and calmly. After the meal, while urging the husband to go on the road, he ordered them to flee into the deep woods to hide, and he himself disappeared. The Chu people could not return from the search, and the four people surnamed Liu did not participate in the search.
This time, Qian Chengzhi was trapped in the tiger's mouth, and the situation was extremely critical! If he is superhuman in wisdom, designs divisiveness, and calmly copes, the consequences are unimaginable.
After leaving Hukou, Qian Cheng went in the opposite direction, and the middle road happened to meet his son Fazu, and with sorrow and joy, he entered eastern Guangdong, crossed Yangcheng, changed from land to waterway, and arrived in Wuzhou. Returning to his heart like an arrow, he did not dare to stay casually, almost day and night, after reaching Nan'an (present-day Nan'an City, Quanzhou, Fujian), he immediately took a boat to Ji'an (present-day Ji'an City, Jiangxi), and arrived at Zhangshu Town, where the funds had been exhausted. He had to commute by land and reach Fujian Province. At Shaowu Baolian Nunnery, he met the township monk Yu Bo, who lived for several months and called resting, and Yue Bo gave him monk's clothes and some road capital, and then set off for Shouchang (present-day Shouchang County, Jiande City, Hangzhou), took a boat up the river, and at the end of his life, the boat arrived at the riverside, and finally returned to his hometown of Jiangcun Wheat Garden, which had been separated for a long time.