Qian Chengzhi: Heaven collapses and collapses in the middle of the Taige Mountain Forest - little known ming and qing dynasty bumpy literati

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The stars of the Ming Dynasty were brilliant, and the Bloody Rain and Wind of the Ming and Qing Dynasties were bloody. "The calamity of the party is like Fan Mengbo, and the festival of death is like a meson pushing", the heavens and the earth are falling apart, the people in the sea are withered away, and Mr. Qian Chengzhi alone is standing tall.

Qian Bing stirrup (1612-1693), also known as Youguang, yiming Chengzhi, zi drinking light, late number tianjian, nicknamed XiJiaodaoren, Tongcheng Nanxiang (present-day Fengyang Maiyuan) people. Qian Chengzhi was ranked among the "Hundred Cultural Celebrities of Anhui Province" selected by the Anhui Academy of Social Sciences, and his writings were Hongfeng, including "Field Easy Learning", "Field Poetics", "Zhuang Qu Hegu", "Zangshan Pavilion Collection", "Field Poetry Collection", "Field Anthology", "Known Record" and so on, the first three were included in the "Four Libraries Complete Book", "Field Easy Learning" can be called a milestone of easy learning.

In the early years, Qian Chengzhi rubbed the science field and aimed at the world. Qian Chengzhi studied from his uncle when he was seven years old, Nengwen at the age of eleven, Tongcheng County at the age of sixteen, and Anqing Province at the age of twenty-one. Mr. bingyi and his brother bingyi entered the Ishiyaji Temple Literary Society, The Zhongjiang Society, etc., performed extraordinary, and the literary name gradually rose, known as "Erqian". Later, he followed his father to Nanjing, but he was unable to move and befriended Chen Zilong and Xia Yunyi. At the beginning of Chongzhen's reign, he straightened out the program of the dynasty, decided on a reversal case, castrated the party one by one, and several societies and restoration societies arose to take over Wu Donglin. Qian Chengzhi, together with Tongyi Fangwen, Fang Yizhi, and others, intervened in the political struggle with the main Tongcheng Tantuo. Fang Bao's "Tomb Table of Mr. Tianjian" records: "There is Yu Shi, the reverse castration of The Party, the patrol to Anhui, the Sheng Wei Yi Gurudwara Confucius Temple, the viewer is blocked, and the sentient beings are greeted." The gentleman suddenly pulled the cart and went to collect his tent, the crowd did not know what he was doing, Yushi was horrified, ordered to stop, and the drowning had spilled his clothes. Mr. Xu Zheng is dressed in a crown, and Zhi Lichang is denigrating it. Dozens of people from the donkey looked at each other and did not dare to move. "The great annihilation of the mighty wind of the rebellious castrated party, Qian Cheng's illness is as evil as a vendetta, "by the four famous people."

Qian Chengzhi and Fang Yizhi and Ruan Dacheng are relatives of the world, and in the autumn of troubles, one shot and two scatters, and Qian Chengzhi is even more fateful. Zhang Xianzhong slaughtered Tongcheng, and Mr. Fang Yizhi and Ruan Dacheng successively avoided disasters and moved to Nanjing. The Draft History of the Qing Dynasty states: "It was shifu society, several societies that were xing, the main altar in bi county, Shen Shoumin of Xuancheng, Wu Yingji of Chiyang, Chengzhi and Fang Yizhi of Tongcheng, and Chengzhi joined the Yunlong Society with Chen Zilong and Xia Yunyi to take over Wu Donglin." Cheng Zhi is a great looker, good at drinking, and talks about the strategy of the world. Try to risk danger and make a name for yourself. ”

Donglin teenagers gathered in Nanjing to expel Ruan Dacheng with "Staying in the Capital to Prevent Chaos and Public Disclosure", Qian Chengzhi did not sign the unveiling, and Ruan thought that Qian Chengzhi and Fang Yizhi were the masterminds. In 1644, with the change of Jiashen, Li Zicheng led his troops into Beijing, the Chongzhen Emperor himself hanged on the coal mountain, and the Ming Dynasty fell. Qian Chengzhi used his bookish spirit to save the world and the people, joined the anti-Qing rebel army organized by his friend Qian Zhongyi, and made an alliance with Chen Zilong and others to revolt. Qian Zhong's rebel army was weak, Yu Zhenze encountered a large number of Qing troops, Qian Zhongyi was killed in battle, and Qian Chengzhi entered a very dangerous situation.

After the change of Jia Shen, Ruan Dacheng and Ma Shiying and others supported the Establishment of King Fu, and Qian Chengzhi conspired with Shi Kefa and others to establish The King of Lu. Belonging to two different political camps, the feelings of fellow villagers and clans cannot avoid the two people's parting ways, and even blatant fire. Fu Wang Hongguang Dynasty, Ma Shiying and Ruan Dacheng seized power, wantonly retaliated against Donglin and the Fushe people, Qian Chengzhi on the way to escape, his wife Fang Zi with a son and a daughter to throw themselves into the river to commit suicide, this unforgettable family disaster, the hatred between the two instantly rose to the peak, can not be forgotten for life.

The Qing army captured Nanjing, and the Hongguang Dynasty collapsed. Hearing that the Southern Ming Longwu Dynasty was established in Fuzhou, Qian Chengzhi and his eldest son Fazu immediately rushed to it. "Rough two months, starting to arrive at Fujian Pass", under the recommendation of his teacher Huang Daozhou, Qian Chengzhi was appointed as the director of Yanping. Soon the Longwu Dynasty was destroyed by the Qing army, and Qian Chengzhi once again hid in the countryside.

The Southern Ming Yongli Dynasty of Zhu Youluo, the King of Gui, was established in Guangdong, and Qian Chengzhi and his eldest son Fazu fled into Minzhong, tossed into Gui, drove day and night, arrived in Zhaoqing, and served in the Yongli Dynasty, serving as the chief of the Fine Food Department of the Ministry of Rites. In the third year of the Yongli Calendar, Qian Chengzhi participated in the Yongli Dynasty Scientific Expedition and was awarded the Title of Shu jishi of the Hanlin Academy, and later moved to the Hanlin Academy for editing. The Eternal Calendar Dynasty made the script, and more than the hand of Qian Chengzhi.

Zhu Youruo's small court was dim and unorthodox, and Qian Chengzhi's colleague Jin Bao was directly advised to go to The Jinyi Prison, and Zuo Humerus was interrupted. Qian Chengzhi refers to the shortcomings of Chen Shi and suffers exclusion. The wind and rain are shaking, the party struggle is still the same, Qian Cheng's pain and feelings cannot be done and all thoughts are gray, plus his body is sick, but he takes off his imperial clothes and begs to return to him.

In the fifth year of the Eternal Calendar, Qian Chengzhi shaved his hair as a monk and returned to his hometown. In the winter and December of the fifth year of the Yong calendar, Qian Chengzhi returned to his hometown of Maiyuan, and his name was changed from "Bing stirrup" to "Chengzhi". Its name is "Jin" as "water", and Qian Chengzhi shows his identification with the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Qian Chengzhi is a person who is accustomed to yi, and he understands the principle of national change in the change of the universe. Qian Chengzhi has a wide range of experience, personally experienced the darkness of the Ming Dynasty, realized that there were current events in the Qing Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, and gave up the utopian thoughts of that year.

Qian Chengzhi's hidden home, built in the field, bent over the field, with the name of "field". "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" Qian Chengzhi Ben Chuanyun: Qian Chengzhi "Jielu ancestors next to the tomb, the ring Lu is tianye, self-proclaimed field, field poetics, easy to learn." ”

Qian Chengzhi's life tribulations did not end, in the seventh year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1668), the eldest son Fazu was killed by thieves, and Tongcheng County ordered Hu Bixuan to conceal it. Qian Chengzhi was sought revenge by the defendants, and had to move to Zongyang Town, where he had to buy the Beishan Lou, where the remnants were located, and wrote the famous "Records of the Beishan Lou", and his books "Yi Xue" and "Poetics", most of which were written here.

From rubbing the official field to the wild old mountain forest, Qian Chengzhi's spirit eventually ended in failure. In his later years, Qian Chengzhi's words showed his descendants: "The field should be small, not good; the books should be read, not examined." "After the changes of the world, Qian Chengzhi has mastered the principle of national change with the changes of the universe, lived in seclusion in seclusion, lived in poverty and happiness, sold literature and begged for money after seventy years, and eighty old men suffered for rice sorghum.

Li Bai is a "poetry immortal", Du Fu is a "poetry saint", Bai Juyi is a "poetry demon", and Qian Chengzhi can be called a "poetry history". His writings are straightforward and straightforward, plain and calm, and the words are full of positive and optimistic attitude towards life, expressing the idea of living in seclusion through mourning and chaos. His poetry has both extremely high literary value and extremely precious historical value, and can be called the "history of poetry" in the Chinese poetry world. Qian Chengzhi's writing is full of the aspirations of the world, and also has the strategy of the world. Qian Chengzhi's writings are respected by the academic community, "the content involves philosophy, literature, history and other disciplines, profound and profound, outstanding achievements, and his academic achievements can be compared with Huang Zongxi, Fang Yizhi, Wang Fuzhi, Gu Yanwu, representing one of the highest levels of that era." ”

The sun and the moon pass through the heavens, the rivers and rivers travel, Qian Cheng's life has made outstanding achievements, profound literature and history, the Tongcheng school of kaishan, and the moral articles have ascended to the ding era.

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