For the purchase of ancient jade is about ten years ago, there was a business trip to Chengdu, so it came to send Xianqiao Antique City, because the colleagues who did not like antiques so a person went, to be honest, at that time did not understand at all, although there are friends who know to do antiques, but he is mainly engaged in bronze, see, listen, see all bronze, ancient jade is not contacted at all, although also contact with new jade, but buying ancient jade is the first time.
Send the fairy bridge is not big, it did not take long to turn two circles, do not know where to start, when I turned to an ancient jade shop stopped, the boss is an old man, gray hair, people are quite spirited, so I thought, the elderly generally do not deceive people, just come to him to see.
I also told the boss very bluntly that I didn't understand Gu Yu, and the boss was very enthusiastic, saying: "Young man, it doesn't matter if you don't understand, learn slowly." "Then he introduced me, and finally, he recommended me three pieces of jade, two of which were small, and he tied them together for me, which were the two pieces in the picture below. There is also a jade dragon, talk about it next time.
Figure 1 Two pieces of ancient jade bought ten years ago
The boss told me that first learn from the specimen, the circle is the tie bi, and the other is the jade phoenix of the Western Zhou, I don't understand it, so I took it. Later, I found someone who knew how to do it, saying that Yubi was right, the Jade Phoenix of Western Zhou was not right, and I didn't know why, so I took the Jade Phoenix down and put it in a place I don't know, and now I want to take a new photo and can't find it. Can only use the previous photos, is a little unclear. This article is mainly to identify and analyze The Jade Phoenix, and Yu Bi is briefly introduced.
First, a method of judging antiques
For antiques, it is necessary to establish a method, a point of view, that is, whether the porcelain and jade are old or new, we must first judge what age the artifact is.
First look at Xiao Yubi, according to the production process, size, shape, Qin color, etc. the preliminary judgment is the Han Dynasty (the latest time). Another one, the boss said that the jade phoenix of the Western Zhou Dynasty, has not been understood, until later after learning, it is not known that it is the phoenix style of the middle and late Western Zhou.
Second, from the material point of view
The material of the bi is Hetian jade green white jade, jade is delicate, after Zhang Qian passed through the western region, Hetian jade entered the Central Plains in large quantities, and the use of Hetian jade material is also in line with the times, and the jade is ripe and sticky, see the truth.
The material of yufeng is local jade, jade is coarser, although some of the Western Zhou Dynasty used Hetian jade, but a large number of local jade is also used in large quantities, but also can not deny that jade phoenix is not right, but from the jade point of view, jade is relatively blunt, so there are doubts.
Third, from the qin color package pulp point of view
Figure 2 The other side
Ancient jade in the underground environment, to go through the "loss" and "gain" two processes, "loss" is weathering leaching, jade body soluble in the water substance dissolved into the loam liquid, the surface layer first lost, from the surface and inside, will form a crack surface, crystal loose, crystal shedding, pits, Qin cracks, etc., "get" is the leachable of the loam on the surface of the utensils or along the crystal loose, Qin cracks and crack surfaces penetrate the cement to the surface or the jade body to form a pulp and Qin color.
Let's take a look at the tie bi first: from Figure 1, you can see that there is a Qin crack in the lower left corner of the surface of the tie bi, and the Qin crack is filled with black Qin color, and the surface of the tie bi has a black, reddish-brown Qin color. Where the whitening is under the color, the crystals are loose. Conforms to the characteristics of aging traces.
Let's look at the jade phoenix: Figure 1 can see multiple cracks, floating on the surface, crack whitening, a layer of white material on the surface, floating on the surface, not penetrating into the jade body of the Qin color, and then look at the pulp, can not see the state of the cement on the surface, so there is doubt.
Fourth, from the perspective of process characteristics
Let's start with Yubi:
Figure 3 Is the front and back of the bibi
Drilling holes, just such a thin one, is also the use of double-sided punching holes, the outside is large and the inside is small, forming a horse bee waist in the middle, the hole wall is smooth, and there is a black-brown Qin. At the same time, you can see the cutting marks of jade bi, which is also in line with the production process of gaogu jade.
Let's take a look at Yufeng again, mainly analyzing the arc process of Yufeng Yin carving:
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the processing method of yin carved arc was mainly the way of carving and rubbing, and there were two kinds of wide arc and narrow arc.
1. Wide arc. The wide arc is a continuation of the line style of the late Shang Dynasty, commonly known as "one side slope", also known as "oblique knife line", the inner wall of the line groove is steep and straight on one side, and the slope is gentle on the other. It was endemic in the early to mid-Western Zhou Dynasty (Figure 4).
Figure 4 Western Zhou Jade Bird Image source "Ding Zhe on Ancient Jade"
Carefully observe this line, said to be smooth, neat, fine grinding in the groove, if you look closely, you can see the rubbing marks of free jade sand traces are very obvious, the lines are also wide and narrow, the arc bend is also wide and narrow, not very smooth.
There is also a form of combination of wide arcs with narrow arcs, which was also popular in the early and mid-Western Zhou Dynasty (Figure 5).
Figure 5 Western Zhou Yu Huang Picture source "Ding Zhe on Ancient Jade"
The combination of wide and narrow arcs, that is, on the vertical side of the wide arc, a narrow arc nearly parallel is formed along its contour, which increases the three-dimensional sense and layering of the pattern.
2. The narrow arc, which is composed of two thin parallel double arcs, is popular in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty (Figure 6).
Figure 6 Western Zhou Yuhuan Picture source "Ding Zhe on Ancient Jade"
It adopts the form of two parallel narrow double arcs, the style is simple, simple, and the lines are regular and smooth. Like the wide arc, it is said to be smooth, careful observation, the arc bend is also wide and narrow, not very sleek, parallel lines seem to be parallel, the actual spacing is wide and narrow.
Let's take a look at my jade phoenix (Figure 7), the arc that constitutes the body and wings, neither a wide and narrow combination, nor a narrow arc combination, it is a combination of two basic equal widths of width and width, and then look at the bend, it is exceptionally smooth, there is no sense of ancient clumsiness, and it does not have the arc characteristics of the middle and late Western Zhou, so look at the imitation.
Figure 7 Yufeng arc
Fifth, from the perspective of the characteristics of the form
In the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty, is there such a style of jade phoenix, yes, there is this style, then let's see what kind of jade phoenix unearthed in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty is?
Figure 8 Western Zhou Picture source Ding Zhe on ancient jade courseware
Figure 9 Western Zhou Picture source Ding Zhe on ancient jade courseware
It can be seen from Figure 8 and Figure 9 that the basic form of jade making by the ancients will not be wrong, and some places will be a little exaggerated, but the basic shape system will not be wrong. First look at the crest, the silhouette is clear, the shape of the bird's beak resembles an exaggerated eagle's beak, and the head is larger than the mouth, which is in line with the physiological characteristics of the bird. Look at my jade phoenix, the mouth is bigger than the head, and the proportion is seriously imbalanced. Look at the tail wing, whether it is backwards or downwards, it is narrower than the body, basically reflecting the shape of the bird, and then look at my one, made a corset, the tail wing and the body are basically equal width, it seems very clumsy. Finally, look at the body ornamental lines, the real body, wings and tail wings are represented by different lines, and my phoenix, one is incomplete, the other is the pattern is chaotic. Definitely look like it.
6. Summary
Through the ornamentation and shape of this jade bird, it can be judged that this is a jade phoenix with the style of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
1. Through the material comparison, it can be seen that this jade phoenix jade is stiff, uncooked and sticky, and there are doubts;
2, through the Qin color pulp, this jade phoenix does not have a long-term underground environment generated in the pulp, a layer of white material floating on the surface, crack whitening, no cement into the jade body, look at the imitation;
3. Judging from the characteristics of the yin carved arc, it is neither the wide arc and the wide and narrow combination arc of the early and middle western Zhou, nor the narrow arc of the middle and late western zhou, nor the trace characteristics of the production process of the western zhou yin carved line, which can be judged as an imitation.
4. Through the comparison of the type of instrument, it can be concluded that this is a model with a dull shape and chaotic ornamentation.
As an antique lover, antique primary school students, there are definitely deficiencies and errors in understanding, and I hope that expert teachers and friends will criticize and correct. Welcome to follow, comment, and retweet. Some of the pictures in the article come from the Internet, if there is infringement, please inform to delete!
Resources:
1. Ding Zhe,"Ding Zhe on Ancient Jade"
Plateau Summer in Wilderness on the Road