During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the contradictions within the ruling class of the Zheng State intensified day by day, the office strife, the regime changed, and the Ida system was seriously damaged. In 543 BC, Zheng Guo's son-in-law carried out top-down reforms. One of the contents of the reform is to do qiu fu. The hill is a unit of livestock that is requisitioned.
The "Zuo Chuan Zhao Gong 4th Year" records: "Zheng Zi gave birth to Qiu Fu. Du pre-noted: "Qiu, sixteen wells, when one horse is produced, three cattle are produced." The main contents of the hill endowment include: land holders pay military endowments according to the number of land populations; expand the scope of tax payment to the private sector, and strengthen the country's financial resources. And absorb the "savages" into the combat sequence to enhance the country's military strength.
In the Zhou Dynasty, when the state and the wilderness were divided, only the "state" people had the right to be soldiers, and the "wild" people were completely deprived of their political rights and obligations. During the Spring and Autumn Period, some of the "national" people fell into poverty or even became slaves, and the state's military resources were insufficient. The boundaries between "state" and "wilderness" are gradually blurring.
The purpose of the sub-production of Qiu Fu is to enhance the military strength and comprehensive national strength of the Zheng state. As a result, the ruling class was dissatisfied, and the son said a sentence to show his determination to reform to the end: "Profit and social welfare, death and life." "Death and life" is a partial positive compound word, the real meaning is "death", "life" only plays a foil role, indicating that the community does not care about personal life.
These eight resounding words have been regarded by successive generations of heroes as the spiritual coordinates of Jiangshan Sheji who disregarded the safety of his life, bowed down to the best of his ability, and died after death.
More than 2,300 years later, the Western powers blasted open the gates of the Qing government with several cannons. A hero who cherishes the great national righteousness has comprehensively launched a campaign against the British army and the anti-smoking campaign, and the sale of cigarettes in Humen is a feat of the Chinese nation to resist foreign aggression. However, the Daoguang Emperor, on the charge of "misleading the country and the sick and not handling it well", dismissed Lin Zexu from his post and investigated it, and sent him to Ili, Xinjiang.
In the eighth month of the lunar calendar in 1841, Lin Zexu set off from Xi'an to Yili, and before leaving, with great sorrow, composed two poems to leave his family behind, and incorporated the eight characters of "Gou Li Sheji, Life and Death to Him" into the poem "Two Poems to The Family at the Mouth of the Journey to Shu", the whole poem is as follows:
One: When I went out, I smiled and mourned, and my arms were everywhere. Current affairs are difficult to never stand on, and high-ranking officials are not born by themselves. The wind and waves look back at the empty three islands, and the dust soil counts from the beginning. Hugh lettered the child's whisper, scorn him Zhao Lao sent the lampstand. Second: Li Wei was tired for a long time, and then exhausted and faded. If a country lives and dies by profit, it is better to avoid it because of misfortune and happiness! Who dwells is Jun En hou, and it is just a matter of humility to be a pawn. Play with the mountain wife to talk about the story, try to break the old scalp.
exegesis:
1. Three Islands: refers to the British Isles, that is, the three islands of England, Scotland and Ireland in the United Kingdom.
2. Gāi:Kyushu, Tianxia.
3. Zhao Lao sends the lampstand: "Guitian Record": Slang Yun: 'Zhao Lao sends the lampstand, and once he goes, he will not come'. The Qing government capitulators hoped that Lin Zexu would not return.
4. Raising humble: Holding the simple and hiding the humble means keeping one's duty and not revealing oneself.
5. It is appropriate to be a pawn: It is appropriate to be a pawn. This poem contains indignation and injustice.
6. Drama talks with the mountain wife, and tries to break the old man's skin: "Dongpo Zhilin" records the story of Song Zhenzong summoning Yang Pu and Su Dongpo to prison, and comforts his wife with jokes.
Appreciation:
First poem:
Shoulian "went out with a smile and mourned, and opened everywhere with a big heart". I am about to smile and leave home, don't be sad and sad, no matter where I go, no matter what difficulties I encounter, I must face it with an open mind.
"Current affairs are difficult to stand on, and high-ranking officials are not born by themselves." It is difficult for things in this world to succeed without making mistakes. No one is born a high-ranking official.
Neck link "wind and waves look back at the empty three islands, dust soil from the beginning of the number of nine". Looking back at the smoke-free anti-British war, we will re-assume the heavy trust of Kyushu in the future.
Tail Link"Hugh letter children whispered, scorned him Zhao Lao sent the lampstand." Ignore those people who are arrogant and talking softly, they want me not to come back, you don't believe these.
The first poem, easy to understand, is not only an affirmation of their own Humen cigarette sales, but also a warning to the family, some people say something out of tune behind their backs, let them go. The world is important, Kyushu is important, and we must live this life with our hearts in our arms.
Second poem:
The first link "the force is weak and tired for a long time, and then the exhaustion is not enough". I have limited ability but a long way to go, and after a long time, I will inevitably be exhausted, and I will grow older, and it is difficult to resist the heavy responsibility with my mediocre talent.
In the anti-smoking campaign, Lin Zexu was the forerunner of the time. Before Daoguang's recital was sent to the provinces, he had already taken the lead in carrying out the anti-smoking campaign, and confiscated more than 12,000 taels of tobacco soil, and received Daoguang's commendation. Subsequently, Daoguang summoned Lin Zexu for eight consecutive times and entrusted him with a heavy responsibility - smoking ban.
"If the country lives and dies by profit, it is better to avoid it because of misfortune and happiness!" ”。 If it is beneficial to the country, even if it is willing to sacrifice one's life, it will never be avoided because it may receive disasters.
Lin Zexu is very aware of the crux of the opium problem, and in the anti-smoking campaign, he has made bold moves, treated both the symptoms and the root causes, and has not flinched in the face of resistance. As a feudal official, he also used a strong desire for knowledge to humbly learn from the outside world in order to change the situation of closed countries. He organized manpower to translate the "Encyclopedia of World Geography" and personally edited and compiled the "Chronicle of Four Continents", becoming the first person to "open his eyes to see the world" in modern times.
Neck joint "Who dwells is the grace of the king, and the cultivation of clumsiness is just in the pawn". Thanks to the profound grace of the King, let me live in Yili, I can just take advantage of this taoguang to raise obscurity, and it is more appropriate to be a pawn in the future.
Lin Zexu's sales of cigarettes at Humen have been forever recorded in the annals of history. From the blockade of the commercial house to the sale of cigarettes in Humen, Lin Zexu's actions never exceeded the laws of the Qing Dynasty, and the anti-smoking problem in the Qing Dynasty was handled in full accordance with the laws of the Qing Dynasty. However, at that time, the entire Qing Dynasty's perception of the outside world was quite vague, so that after Humen sold cigarettes, Lin Zexu concluded that the British did not dare to work the expedition, and repeatedly stressed in the compromise to Daoguang that there was no need to worry about the border challenge.
After the fall of Dinghai, Lin Zexu, as the commander, failed to accurately judge the enemy situation, and his strategy against the enemy failed to break through the limitations of the times, delaying the preparation time. On June 21, 1840, the first British fleets approached the tiger gate, and the Opium War broke out, shaking the government and the opposition, and the Qing Dynasty was defeated.
On June 28 of the following year, Daoguang ordered Lin Zexu to be removed from the title of "Four Pin Qing" and re-sent him to Yili, Xinjiang, to atone for his sins. In 1845, it was re-enabled. He died on November 22, 1850, with the courtesy name Wenzhong.
Tail Lian "plays a story with the mountain wife, and tries to break the old man's skin". I talked to my old wife about the story of Song Zhenzong summoning Yang Pu and Su Dongpo to prison in "Dongpo Zhilin", and used jokes to persuade my wife, saying that you might as well recite the poem "This time to break the old man's skin" to send me off.
The calm tone, the open personality, the sense of distress and the broad mind are all at the end of the pen.
In the second poem, the phrase "Gou Li Sheji, Death and Life" produced by Zheng Guo's son is used as "Gou Li the country lives and dies, and it is better to avoid it because of misfortune!" "Full of the ambition to serve the country, the feelings of home and country." This sentiment is the most core portrayal of the national spirit precipitated in the long river of five thousand years of history, and the replacement of "social welfare" by "state" is driven by the times.
In the midst of the great changes that Lin Zexu had not seen in a thousand years, the sound of gunfire broke the original tranquility and also broke the good dreams of the ruling class, and he did not choose to be self-contained. From "fighting for national power abroad and punishing national thieves internally" to "one inch of mountains and rivers and one inch of blood, one hundred thousand mountains and rivers and one hundred thousand troops," from "a humble position does not dare to forget the country, and things are bound to wait for the coffin" to "no one who has died since ancient times has left dan to take care of his sweat and youth," there have always been some people who have braved their lives in the tide of the times, forged ahead, and disregarded their personal safety in order to save the nation from danger.
Although Lin Zexu failed to break through the limitations of the times, he was still the forerunner of that time. He and Wei Yuan and others issued the herald of the times in modern China for rejuvenating the nation and changing the law to become stronger, which is enough to make future generations admire.
This article is original, and the first published number of Baijia.
The picture comes from the Internet, invaded and deleted.
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