Yuqi . Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC – 771 BC). Tomb No. 1 of Dahekou in Yicheng County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, was excavated. Collection of Shanxi Institute of Archaeology. Sacrifice is the top priority in the ritual activities of hegemony, so in the event of major ceremonial festivals, or droughts and famines, jade should be used to pay tribute to pray to the gods to bless the wind and rain and the stability of the country. In the Book of Verses, there is "the gods do not lift up", which means that all the gods are sacrificed. The meticulous carving and classification of ceremonial jade show its important position in the sacrificial activities and the monarch's respect for the ritual, as well as the society's attention to and compliance with the ritual system.
Jade Deer . Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC – 771 BC). Tomb No. 1 of Dahekou in Yicheng County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, was excavated. Collection of Shanxi Institute of Archaeology. The deer, docile and peaceful, its beautiful disposition reflects the mutual respect and mutual harmony between the monarchs and subjects of the hegemonic country.
Kim Juan . Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC – 771 BC). Tomb No. 6022 of Dahekou, Yicheng County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, was excavated. Collection of Shanxi Institute of Archaeology. "Gui Zhangte, Lord Of The Yellow", Gui and Zhang are both valuable people in ceremonial vessels, and can be used as a souvenir alone in ceremonial activities; the importance of the Yellow Is second only to Gui Zhang, and the feast of the princes or princes of the Heavenly Son, and the simultaneous entry of the lord. The gold giovanis was found while sifting through the backfill soil inside the cave.
Babblood. Western Zhou (1046 BC - 771 BC) Tomb No. 1017 of Dahekou, Yicheng County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, was excavated. Collection of Shanxi Institute of Archaeology. Wine container. On the inner wall of the mouth of the vessel there is an inscription "Babo Zuo Baozun". "Hegemony" is the name of the country of Babo, and "Babo" is the monarch of the "Hegemonic" country. Bronzes with the inscription "Ba" are not only found in previous ancient writings, such as the "Yin Zhou Jinwen Integration" with the "Baozhuo Baozun Yi" Dinghe Gui, but also in the cemeteries excavated in the past, such as in the cemetery of Quwo County, Shanxi Province, where a "Babo Zuo Baozun Yi" copper fence was excavated. This means that the Great Estuary Cemetery has found a true home for the "overlord" artifacts previously found elsewhere. A large number of bronzes with inscriptions on the word "Ba" prove irrefutably prove the existence of an ancient country that is recorded in the history books, the hegemonic country, and the rich cultural relics unearthed with it show the unique culture of the hegemonic country.
Copper man top plate (lamp). Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC – 771 BC). Tomb No. 1017 of Dahekou, Yicheng County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, was excavated. Collection of Shanxi Institute of Archaeology. This bronze humanoid lamp, which is the same as the bean-shaped lamp form of the Warring States period, should be the source of the Warring States lamps. According to archaeological data, this lamp is likely to be the earliest bronze lamp found in China.
"Yan Hou Zhi" 卣. Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC – 771 BC). Tomb No. 1 of Dahekou in Yicheng County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, was excavated. Collection of Shanxi Institute of Archaeology. 卣, pronounced unitary. Wine container. In the largest bronze vessel with a lid, a set of seven wine vessels is placed, namely one bucket, one single-ear jar, and five pieces of different sizes. There is an inscription cast on the inside of the lid of the bronze and the inner surface of the bottom of the vessel, which reads "YanHou intends to be the sister Baozun Yi", and "sister" means little aunt. This is an artifact made by Marquis Yan to his little aunt Princess Yanguo.
Bird-shaped cup . Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC – 771 BC). Tomb No. 2002 of Dahekou in Yicheng County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province was excavated. Collection of Shanxi Institute of Archaeology. Inside the cover is an inscription of 8 lines and 51 characters, which calls itself 盉. Professor Li Xueqin of the Center for The Research and Protection of Excavated Documents of Tsinghua University interprets it as follows: "If the conspiracy I made was not in line with the king's order, but my own private planning, I would be flogged." The beggar himself went to the places in a chariot covered chariot, repeating the vow he had made, saying, "I have sworn to be commanded by the king, and if I break the oath, I should be exiled, so that the king's commandment may still be carried out." "The beggar therefore casts a disc and passes it on to future generations for use.
Lacquered wood figurines. The tomb of Dahekou No. 1 in Yicheng County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province was excavated. During the Yin Shang period, the burial of living people was widely popular, and the use of figurines in the tombs of the hegemonic countries was a major change in the funeral system. These two lacquered wooden figurines, about 1 meter high, stand on their feet on the lacquered wooden turtle, holding objects with their hands. It is speculated to have a delicate relationship with etiquette and religion. In the archaeological history of the Western Zhou Dynasty, this is the first time that the tomb is buried with lacquered wooden figurines. Previously, the earliest lacquered wooden figurines found were from the early Spring and Autumn tombs in Liangdai Village, Hancheng, Shaanxi.
Hegemony, a princely state during the Western Zhou Dynasty, has not been recorded in historical records. Information such as territorial territory is unknown. Found in the Western Zhou Cemetery of Dahekou in Yicheng County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, archaeologists have determined that it is a newly discovered princely state based on bronze inscriptions excavated from the Dahekou Cemetery, and it is not recorded in historical materials. From the cultural relics excavated from the cemetery, it can be seen that the history of the hegemonic country may have run through the entire Western Zhou Dynasty and continued until the early Spring and Autumn Period, and the supreme ruler of the hegemonic country was: Babo. The rest of the information is unclear and requires further archaeological research.
The Dahekou Western Zhou "Babo" cemetery is located about 6 kilometers east of Yicheng County, a delta plateau formed by the confluence of two rivers, and the cemetery dates across the Western Zhou Dynasty, and enters the early Spring and Autumn period in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Since 2009, the Provincial Archaeological Institute has carried out large-scale rescue excavations. During the excavation phase, the archaeological team found that this was a princely monarch-level tomb, and there were 11 niches on the four walls of the second-story platform of the tomb, and the niches were placed with lacquered wooden utensils and other objects. A large number of bronzes, primitive porcelain, pottery and other objects were found between the coffins or on the coffin lids in the tomb, of which more than 1,000 bronze ceremonial vessels, musical instruments, weapons, tools, and carriages and horses were excavated. In particular, inscriptions such as the bronze inscription "Bo Zuo Bao Zun Yi" and the inscription "Bazhong Zuo Brigade Yi" on the bottom of the three-legged guise cover reveal that "Ba" is the name of the country, clan and clan of the owner of this cemetery, and "Babo" is the highest power holder here. These amazing cultural relics and treasures, all from a Western Zhou princely state that is not found in the literature, confirm the existence of hegemony.
"Ba" vessels have been found in previous bronze bibliographies, and in the "Yin Zhou Jinwen Integration", there is a "Bajiao Zuo Baozun Yi" Dinggui, and a "Babo Zuo Baozun Yi" bronze guise has also been excavated from the Qucun cemetery. The "hegemonic" country is not found in the records of the heirloom literature, and it is speculated that the city where it lived and the area under its jurisdiction would not be very large, and the Dahekou cemetery was similar to the cultural nature of the Hengshui Kingdom, but it had unique characteristics, and it may belong to a branch of the Di ethnic group surnamed Yan.
The Hegemony kingdom had relations with the Jin, Wei, Yan and Zhou royal families, and the layout of the Chema Pit had something in common with the Tianmaqu Village Cemetery. The pottery combination and bronze style also have the characteristics of Zhou culture, and the Shang and Zhou cultural factors are more obvious, and their own cultural characteristics are unique. The discovery of the Dahekou cemetery has found the key to opening up historical issues such as the Western Zhou partition system, the instrument system, and the integration of ethnic groups.
Among the precious cultural relics unearthed in the "Babo" cemetery, there is a bronze artifact that has greatly excited the archaeological community. This remarkable and stunning bronze is the bird-shaped cup of the owner of the M2002 tomb, and its excavation corrects a beautiful "mistake". The bronze bird statue treasured by the Shanxi Museum was broken when it was excavated, and the elephant trunk tail of the bird statue was rolled inward during the restoration of the Shanghai Museum. The bird-shaped cup found this time is very complete, and it clearly shows that the bird's trunk tail is rolled outward, which not only provides a new instrument for the history of the development of Chinese bronze, but also provides a reliable basis for understanding the shape design of the bronze bird shape in the Western Zhou Dynasty.