I am Wolf Jun, an engineering boy who accompanies you to read history
In the recent hit TV series "Armageddon", there is a character who has hardly appeared in previous film and television works - General Guo Ruhuai. Through the portrayal of this character, the hard battles of the little-known hidden front workers in the Liberation War are unveiled.
General Guo Rugui was once the "elite of the military circles" in the hearts of old Chiang Kai-shek, and the formulation of battle plans was consulted with by old Chiang kai-shek or directly delegated to formulate them. But he did not know that Comrade Guo, whom he was so important, was a high-ranking agent of our Party in his command center.
During the Liberation War, General Guo Rugui conveyed to our army a large amount of top-secret information within Chiang Kai-shek's army, and even some operational plans were already on the table of Chairman Mao and other leaders before the implementation units of Chiang Kai-shek's army had even been obtained. General Guo Ruhuai's undercover work made indelible contributions to the final victory of our army.
After the old Chiang Kai-shek defeated and retired to Taiwan, after learning Guo Rugui's true identity, he sighed: "I didn't expect that this Guo Rugui was the biggest co-spy." At that time, Taiwan's military and political circles also had many lamentations that "one spy went undercover to make things clear, and the victory and defeat of the two armies were already divided first."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > early career</h1>
In 1907, Guo Rugui was born in Tongliang County, Sichuan Province, a middle-aged scholar, his grandfather had died up, and his father had also passed the first place in the Chongqing Governor's Case, but later the scientific expedition was abolished and he became a local teacher. A good tutoring environment is that Guo Rugui received a good enlightenment education.
However, the situation was turbulent, the people did not have a good life, the Life of the Guo family gradually fell into a dilemma, in 1919, his father had to take him to Chengdu, defected to his cousin Guo Rudong, who was already the commander of the Sichuan Army. After arriving in Chengdu, with the financial support of his cousin, Guo Rugui studied at Chengdu Higher Normal Primary School and Chengdu Union Middle School.
In 1925, Guo Rugui graduated from high school, and at the suggestion of his cousin, applied for the Whampoa Military Academy, and the following year, Guo Rugui was successfully admitted to the fifth phase of the Whampoa Military Academy and changed his name to Guo Rugui.
At that time, during the first period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, many of the political teachers in the Whampoa Military Academy were communists, so Guo Rujie was able to fully understand communism and had the idea of joining the party.
However, soon after the "April 12 counter-revolutionary coup", Guo Rujie, who had not yet had time to join the party, received a party request that he return to Sichuan to persuade his cousin Guo Rudong to remain neutral and not to turn to counter-revolution. Guo Rujie, who returned to Sichuan, tried his best to persuade his cousin to present his interests and stakes to him, but Guo Rudong superficially agreed but secretly expressed his allegiance to Jiang Laojiang in Nanjing.
Sichuan warlord Guo Rudong
During this period, Guo Ruzhi was arranged by Guo Rudong to serve as a clerk in his political department, and he gave speeches everywhere to publicize Sun Yat-sen's "united Russia, united communists, and support for workers and peasants." But soon, Wang Jingwei in Wuhan was in cahoots with Chiang Kai-shek in Nanjing, and Guo Rugui temporarily lost contact with the party organization.
Despite the failure of the Great Revolution and the nation's descent into a white terror, Guo Rugui's long-cherished desire to join the party became stronger and stronger. Guo Ruzhi still tried his best to contact the party organization, and finally on May 8, 1928, under the introduction of his classmate Yuan Jingming, he successfully joined the party secretly.
In April 1930, Guo Rugui was promoted to the commander of the third battalion of the 1st Regiment of the Independent Brigade of the 20th Army, and was ordered to be stationed in the Garden and Guangshui areas of Hubei. During this period, under the contact of Yuan Jingming, Guo Rugui cooperated with the Red Army guerrillas to hold a military riot, and was wounded due to confusion between the enemy and us during the operation. Yuan Jingming was also arrested later, and was killed shortly after, and Guo Rujie once again lost contact with the party organization.
After recovering from his wounds, Guo Rugui returned to the 20th Army as a staff officer, when Chiang Kai-shek was trying to eliminate the Communists lurking in the 20th Army, and Guo Rugui's identity had been exposed, in order to deal with Chiang Kai-shek to save Guo Rugui. Under Guo Rudong's activities, Guo Rujie was sent to study at the Japanese Non-Commissioned Officer School.
Whampoa Military Academy
In 1931, Guo Ruzhi dropped out of the Japanese Non-Commissioned Officer School and returned to Shanghai, where he successfully entered the tenth term of the Chinese Army University. Three years later, Guo Ruzhi graduated with the first overall grade, and was sent to the third phase of the Army University Research Institute to continue his studies, and before he could graduate, he began to serve as an instructor of war history.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="68" > resists the country</h1>
In May 1937, in the early stage of the outbreak of the All-out War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Guo Rujie, who was bent on serving the motherland, petitioned to enter the front line to direct the battle. On the recommendation of Zeng Yuehan, a classmate of Lu University, he served as chief of staff of the 14th Division of the Eighteenth Army and became a subordinate of Chen Cheng. Later, Guo Ruzhi became one of the "Thirteen Taibao" of Chen Cheng's civil engineering department.
In 1937, when the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out in full swing, Guo Rugui went north with the 14th Division to resist the Japanese, but on the way, due to the outbreak of the Battle of Songhu, he swung his division south and was ordered to fight fiercely with the Japanese on the southern and northern Tangkou fronts.
Zeng Yuehan, commander of the 24th Brigade of the 14th Division, was afraid of the enemy, and Guo Rugui was appointed as the commander of the 24th Brigade in danger, leading more than 8,000 people to fight a bloody battle against the Japanese Kou.
Battle of Songhu
At the time of the fierce battle, Guo Rugui personally went to the front line to supervise the battle, vowed to coexist and die with the position, and wrote a final letter to the division commander Huo Yuzhang, with a clear oath to die to repay the country's aspirations:
"My eight thousand athletes have been sacrificed to the death, the enemy's offensive has not weakened, and the future is uncertain." If the position exists, I will be alive and see the throne. If the position is lost, I will die on the battlefield, and I will be anointed with wild leather. He won the Victory of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and as a famous anti-Japanese general, when you crossed wusongkou by ship, if there were waves like mountains, then I came to see you. I have two fountain pens, please give me two younger brothers one for each person, and my watch will be left to my wife Fang Xuelan as a souvenir. ”
Guo Rugui led the entire Twenty-fourth Brigade to repeatedly charge and kill with the Japanese for seven days and nights, until he was ordered to retreat, the position was still firmly in the hands of our army, with more than 8,000 people, and only more than 2,000 wounded soldiers and miscellaneous personnel remained. This battle made Guo Rujing a well-known hero of the War of Resistance, and the condolence group organized by Song Qingling and He Xiangning also rushed to the Twenty-fourth Brigade and specially gave Guo Rujing a sweater.
Since the Battle of Songhu, Guo Ruzhen has begun to be appreciated by Chen Cheng. Soon after Guo Rugui withdrew to Wuhan, he was appointed chief of staff of Chen Cheng's Fifty-fourth Army. The ensuing Battle of Wuhan showed Guo Rujie's ability to plan battles even more vividly, which made Chen Cheng look at it with astonishment.
At that time, Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng, and others, in order to learn the lessons of the defeat in the defense of Nanjing, still planned to take the advice of German advisers and build circular fortifications in the three towns of Wuhan, preparing to hold Wuhan. When announcing the battle order, Guo Rujie unexpectedly raised objections.
Guo Rugui believed that such a deployment would surely follow in the footsteps of Nanjing, and the Battle of Wuhan should make full use of the favorable terrain of the Mufu Mountains and the Dabie Mountains to fight against the Japanese on the outskirts of Wuhan. The participants all agreed with Guo Rugui's proposal, and Chen Cheng instructed Guo Rugui and others to redeploy the battle plan for the Battle of Wuhan. In the end, as Guo Ruju had expected, the defenders took advantage of the favorable terrain to fight against the Japanese and Kou, and did not suffer major losses while achieving their strategic objectives.
After this battle, Guo Rugui was particularly favored by Chen Cheng, and was promoted to chief of staff of the Twentieth Army and concurrently served as the commander of the provisional New Fifth Division.
After Guo Rugui took office, he used training and command methods such as democracy among officers and men to train the New Fifth Division, a miscellaneous unit reorganized by the armed forces of cottages and bandits, into a steel division.
On February 16, 1942, Guo Rugui led the New Fifth Division to participate in the Battle of Changsha, and when he participated in the battle, he defeated the Japanese ace division in one fell swoop, recaptured the crucial position from the Drifting Wind Mountains to the Miluo River, which was crucial in the Battle of Changsha, and created a classic tactic in the War of Resistance.
In October, Guo Rujie represented the Chinese army at a seminar on the war against Japan by representatives of China, the United States, britain and the Soviet Union. After the meeting, he was also invited by the British side to teach a 30-day tactical course in Britain.
After returning to China, Guo Rugui was transferred by Chen Cheng to serve as a member of the International Research Institute, which had a total of 41 research members and researchers, which concentrated all the elites that Chiang Kai-shek believed at that time. In addition, Guo Rugui also served as the deputy commander of the Central Training Regiment headed by Chiang Kai-shek. At this moment, Guo Ruzhi has become the "military elite" in Chiang Kai-shek's eyes.
In May 1943, Guo Rujie saw through the Japanese army's attempt to pretend to attack Changde, but in fact intended to eat the main force of the entire Sixth Theater. According to his suggestions, Chen Cheng adjusted the deployment of the front line, so that the Japanese army did not achieve its unexpected goal, could not make a quick decision, and finally had to retreat in its entirety. The defenders took advantage of the situation to counterattack and completely crushed the Japanese Kou's western Hubei offensive.
Gu Zhutong
After the Battle of Western Hubei, Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Cheng were more important to Guo Rujie. In March 1945, Guo Rujie, who had returned from his stay in Britain, was appointed director of the Military Affairs Department of the Ministry of Military Affairs and became the head of the most powerful department of the Ministry of Military Affairs. At this time, Guo Ruzhi was already an elite that both Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Cheng believed in.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="69" > latent</h1>
However, even though he had already ascended to such a high position in Chiang Kai-shek's army, Guo Rugui still had his heart set on the party organization, especially after being in a high position, and after seeing the rampant corruption of the Kuomintang high-level and the atrocities of the people, he was even more devoted to the party organization.
It was at this time that Dong Biwu contacted Guo Rugui through Guo Rugui's classmate Ren Yiyou in Huangpu, and was actively searched by the party organization, and Guo Rugui returned to the party organization very painfully and became a senior intelligence worker lurking in Chiang Kai-shek's army.
In June 1946, Chiang Kai-shek brazenly launched a full-scale civil war and, at the suggestion of U.S. Envoy Wei Demer, reorganized the Military Commission into the Ministry of National Defense. The real power of the Ministry of National Defense was held by Chen Cheng, the chief of staff, and Chen Cheng naturally could not forget his subordinate Guo Rujing, a tiger general.
Within half a year, Guo Ruzhen was promoted three times. Chen Cheng, in spite of opposition, first appointed Guo Rugui, who was already a lieutenant general, as deputy director of the General Office of the Major General. Less than half a month later, he was promoted to lieutenant general of the Fifth Department of the Ministry of National Defense, and he was in charge of actual military affairs. Four months later, he was again promoted to the head of the Third Department of the Ministry of National Defense, in charge of the system of combat planning and the issuance of operational orders, as well as the dispatch of the army and the formation of combat. Guo Rujie also truly lurked into the center of the entire Chiang Kai-shek army.
At that time, Guo Ruzhi could be described as a clear stream among Jiang Jun, not only rare talents, but also outstanding character. Even Chiang Ching-kuo exclaimed: "If the party-state cadres all want Guo Rujie to be like this, then the party-state will be saved!" As a result, Guo Rujie was more and more appreciated and became the object of solicitation by various ministries. He maneuvered between Chen Cheng, He Yingqin, Gu Zhutong, and Bai Chongxi, four military dignitaries, and was handy.
On March 5, 1947, Guo Rugui, who had been delayed for a long time, went to the Third Chamber. After that, every time a battle plan was formulated, Guo Rugui would copy it in letters and send it to Chiang Kai-shek for review, and then accurately copy a copy and send it to the liaison officer Ren Lianru.
Ren Lianru
Just after taking office, Guo Rugui took advantage of the situation that Chiang Kai-shek's army was reorganized into an army, and a large number of officers were laid off and complained bitterly, and single-handedly planned the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Weeping Mausoleum incident that shocked China and foreign countries, creating chaos within Chiang Kai-shek's army and greatly shaking the hearts of Chiang Kai-shek's army.
But the undercover work made Guo Rugui very embarrassed, and he once expressed his feelings in his diary:
"Guo Ruzhi, Guo Rugui, you have a vain desire to serve the country, but you can only help but give advice to Chiang Kai-shek. If we win a battle, our party will suffer losses, not what I want; if I always lose the battle, will the old man still trust me? What a dilemma! ”
Even though his heart was bitter, Guo Rugui still insisted on working, and late at night when Guo Rugui wrote this diary, Ren Lianru came to Guo Rugui's residence and recorded in detail Chiang Kai-shek's battle plan in Shandong. In the end, Hua Ye completely annihilated the 74th Division, killed the division commander Zhang Lingfu, and Guo Ruzhi made an important contribution.
Chiang Kai-shek
Shortly thereafter, Guo Rugui was transferred to the front line and concurrently served as the chief of staff of the Xuzhou Army General Headquarters. After Guo Rujie took office, he was not only able to continue to formulate combat plans, but also grasp the dynamics of the battlefield at any time, and his intelligence work became more active.
Because of his deep trust in Chiang Kai-shek and his outstanding performance in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Chiang Kai-shek attached great importance to Guo Rugui's suggestion. During the implementation of Liu Deng's plan to leap into Dabie Mountain, Guo Rugui vigorously misled Chiang Kai-shek and concealed Liu Deng's strategic intention to "make a leap to the south, and finally made Chiang Kai-shek make a wrong decision, allowing Liu Deng's army" to highlight the Yellow Pan area and reach the Shahe River.
Guo Rugui was still in this post, and transferred Zhang Kexia, an undercover officer of our army who had long been ambushed in Chiang Kai-shek's army, as the commander of xuzhou city defense. On November 10, 1948, Zhang Kexia and He Jifeng led their troops to revolt at Wannian Gate, which opened the door of Xuzhou's northeast defensive line and allowed our army to directly attack Xuzhou in the Battle of Huaihai.
In addition, throughout the Huaihai Campaign, Guo Rugui has always played a huge role. In October 1948, Chiang Kai-shek made the decision to concentrate superior forces on both sides of the Jinpu Railway between Xuzhou and Bengbu to fight a decisive battle with the People's Liberation Army, the Battle of Xu beng (Huaihai Campaign). It was Guo Rugui who formulated this battle plan, and the entire Huaihai Campaign, which can be said to have really reached the front line, has been conveyed by Guo Rugui to the People's Liberation Army one step ahead.
Throughout the Huaihai Campaign, Guo Rugui not only passed on pieces of top-secret intelligence to the People's Liberation Army, but also focused on misleading Chiang Kai-shek and helping him to command indiscriminately, and finally made great contributions to our army's victory in the Huaihai Campaign.
After the end of the three major battles, Guo Rugui repeatedly asked his superiors through Ren Lianru for instructions, requesting to leave Chiang Kai-shek's army and work in the liberated areas. However, the superiors believed that guo Rugui's work in the liberated areas was of little significance, and that he should try to work in the great southwest, preferably by mastering a unit, and when the great southwest was liberated, he would lead an uprising and disintegrate the enemy army.
Therefore, on December 24, 1948, Guo Rugui took the opportunity of He Yingqin's resignation and Xu Yongchang's new appointment as Minister of National Defense to resign as director of the Third Department. He also made a statement to Gu Zhutong: "The situation is in danger, please lead the troops to defend the party-state", and ask to bring an army to "live up to the expectations of the party-state and the cultivation of the general commander-in-chief."
On January 21, 1949, the day Chiang Kai-shek resigned and went to the field, Guo Rugui was appointed commander of the Seventy-second Army and ordered to reorganize the Seventy-second Army. Chiang Kai-shek's approach is also self-evident, and at this time he still regards Guo Rugui as a confidant and the Seventy-second Army that Guo Rugui rebuilt as the political capital for his future comeback.
Before leaving for office, Guo Rugui handed over a stack of documents to Ren Lianru, which were the top secret battle plans of the General Staff Headquarters of chiang kai-shek's army, a total of nine copies, including the Jiangfang plan, the Jiangnan operation plan, and the military strength allocation of Chiang Kai-shek's army in Taiyuan, Wuhan, Shaanxi, Gansu, and the southwest.
After Guo Ruzhi took office, he took advantage of his special status in Chiang Kai-shek's army and relied on his special relationship with Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng, Gu Zhutong, and Bai Chongxi, and received the full logistical support of Chiang Kai-shek's army, and soon rebuilt the Seventy-second Army. The Seventy-second Army was well-equipped, well-supplied, and three regiments of Sichuan veterans were gathered, with strong combat effectiveness, and became the main mobile force in Sichuan.
On December 11, 1949, when the People's Liberation Army entered Sichuan, Guo Rugui, as commander of the 22nd Corps of Chiang Kai-shek's Army and commander of the 72nd Army, revolted in Yibin, and also ordered 33 counties in Luzhou, Yibin, Leshan, Zizhong, and Zigong to revolt in 33 counties in four special districts and one city.
Guo Rugui's act of uprising shattered the last barrier in Chengdu and shattered Chiang Kai-shek's dream of a "decisive battle in western Sichuan." At this time, Chiang Kai-shek, who was far away in Taiwan, scolded after learning the news: "Niang Xipi, I did not expect that Guo Ruzhi was the biggest co-spy. ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="70" > later life</h1>
After General Guo Rugui led the uprising, the organization took into account various reasons and did not disclose his undercover identity, nor did he restore his party organization relations. Therefore, when the title was awarded in 1955, General Guo Rugui was not awarded the title. After the establishment of the Nanjing Military Academy, Marshal Liu Bocheng personally called and invited him to teach at the academy, and Guo Rugui gladly agreed, and then worked as a military instructor for 18 years.
It was not until April 9, 1980, that Guo Rujie, who was already 73 years old, rejoined the party organization. After that, he devoted himself to the compilation of the "Military History of China" regardless of his advanced age. In 1991, a huge work of 6 million words, which lasted ten years and was completed in six volumes and ten volumes, totaling 6 million words, was completed and published.
However, General Guo Rugui was practicing "life is endless, struggle is not stopping", and when the "Chinese Military History" had just been published, Guo Rugui had the idea of writing a "Long Compilation of the History of the Frontal War of Resistance Against Japan" and actively organized personnel to carry out work until May 1996, after participating in the completion of the first six chapters, he was out of the compilation work due to a sudden cerebral hemorrhage.
On October 17, 1997, Guo Rujie was seriously injured and hospitalized in a car accident on the way to deliver her beloved daughter. The Central Military Commission specifically instructed all efforts to rescue, but at this time, Guo Rujie was already 90 years old, and although the medical staff tried their best, they were still unable to return to heaven. On October 23, General Guo Rugui completed his magnificent but bumpy life.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="71" > conclusion</h1>
Guo Rugui's position lurking in Chiang Kai-shek's army can really be described as the center of Chiang Kai-shek's army, and the third hall where he is located is directly related to the command of the front line. It is precisely because of the efforts of General Guo Rugui that the battle plan of Chiang Kai-shek's army was almost completely exposed to our army, and even led by the nose by our army, which directly helped our army to win the final victory.
According to statistics, from the restoration of relations with the party organization in May 1945 to the End of the Yibin Uprising of the 72nd Army led in December 1949, Guo Rugui risked his life to provide our army with more than 100 top-secret core military intelligence, and also did a lot of work to split the Kuomintang.
Including the plan for the key attack on Shandong, the allocation of troops in the Xuzhou Command, the dispatch plan of the Nationalist army in Dabie Mountain, the plan for relieving the siege of Yanzhou, the plan for relieving the siege of Changchun, the plan for the double-stacking of the siege, the plan for the defense of the River of the Nationalist Army, the sequence of troops in Wuhan, Shaanxi, Gansu, and the southwest region.
The role played by General Guo Rugui can definitely be described as "strategizing" for Chiang Kai-shek and helping Chairman Mao to win a decisive victory for thousands of miles.
The article is not easy to sort out, welcome to pay attention to the wolf king.
If you think the article is good and want more people to know about these historical knowledge and stories, please recommend it to more people.
This article is the original history of Wolf King, unauthorized reproduction in any form is strictly prohibited, plagiarism will be investigated.