Sima Ye (300 – 7 February 318), also known as Emperor Huan of Jin (reigned 313–317), was a grandson of Sima Ye (司馬業), a grandson of Sima Yan the Emperor of Jinwu, son of Sima Yan the Prince of Wujing, nephew of Sima Zheng the Emperor of Jin and Emperor Huai of Jin, and the last emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty. Sima Yi initially succeeded his uncle Sima Kam the Prince of Qin and attacked the King of Qin. Officers to scattered horsemen, Fujun generals. After being captured by Han Zhao, Emperor Huai of Jin was made crown prince and undertook to act.
In the seventh year of Yongjia (313), after Emperor Huai of Jin was killed at Pingyang, Sima Yi took the throne in Chang'an and changed his name to Yuan Jianxing. When Sima Yi ascended the throne, the Western Jin Dynasty had no combat strength to fight; and Chang'an had no available materials to fight against Former Zhao. In August of the fourth year of Jianxing (316), Liu Yao sent troops to attack Chang'an and cut off Chang'an's grain transport; Emperor Huan of Jin surrendered to Han Zhao on November 11 (December 11) when food was out of food.
Emperor Huan of Jin was then sent to Pingyang and given the title of Marquis of Huaiping, where he endured the humiliation of being the leader of the hunting procession and a miscellaneous servant who washed cups at banquets. On December 20, 318 , Jianxing was killed by Liu Cong at the age of eighteen , and his burial place is unknown.
Sima Yi initially succeeded his uncle Sima Kam the Prince of Qin as his heir and succeeded him as the King of Qin. In the second year of Yongjia (308), He was appointed as a general of the Scattered Horse and a general of the Fu Army. In the fifth year of Yongjia (311), the Han Zhao army attacked Luoyang and abducted Emperor Huai of Jin, and Sima Yi took refuge in Xingyang Mi County, where he met his uncle Xun Fan and Xun Group and went south from Mi County to Xu Ying.
Yuzhou Assassin Shi Yanding, together with the former Fu commander Shi Wangbi, Situ Commander Shi Liu, ZhongshuLang Li Xin, xun fan, xun fan, xun group, and others jointly plotted to send Sima Yi back to Chang'an, Liu Yu and others defected in the middle, Yan Ding caught up with him and killed him, Xun Fan and Xun group survived. Yan Ding immediately wrapped up Sima Yi and rode in an ox cart through Benwu Pass in Wanxian County, where he was intercepted by mountain thieves many times, and the soldiers fled and stayed in Lantian. Yan Ding informed Yongzhou to assassinate Shi Jia, and Jia Yu immediately sent zhou soldiers to meet sima Yi and reach Chang'an, where he also asked the auxiliary general Liang Zong to help guard Chang'an.
On the third day of the third month of September in the sixth year of Yongjia (October 19, 312), Yan Ding and others installed Sima Ye as crown prince, ascended the altar to worship the heavens, established the Zongmiao Shrine, and implemented a general amnesty. Jia Yu was given the title of Grand General of the Western Expedition, with Sima Bao the Prince of Qinzhou and Sima Bao the Prince of Nanyang as the Grand Sima (大司馬). Jia Hao attacked the thief Zhang Lian and was killed by Zhang Lian, and the people elected Shiping Taishou Li Yun to concurrently serve as the Assassin of Yongzhou, serving as the leader of the alliance, and selecting and setting up officials according to the imperial court system.
On the first day of April in the seventh year of Yongjia (313), he received the news of the death of Emperor Huai of Jin and held a mourning ceremony. On April 27, Sima Yi, the emperor, granted amnesty to the world, and changed his era name to "Jianxing", which was for Emperor Huan of Jin. The Wei general Liang Fen was appointed as Situ, the Yongzhou Assassin Shi Liyun was appointed as an envoy, a leading general, and a Lu Shang Shu, and Jing Zhao Tai Shou Suo Qiao was appointed as The Right Servant of Shang Shu.
On May 18, Sima Rui, the general of Zhendong and the king of Langya, was appointed as the military governor of Eastern Shaanxi, and Sima Bao, the king of Nanyang, was appointed as the military governor of Shaanxi, and Sima Bao, the king of Nanyang, was appointed as the right minister and the military governor of Shaanxi. At that time, the western Jin dynasty and clans had moved from the capital Luoyang to Jiangnan, and the Central Plains Dynasty of the Western Jin Dynasty had thus survived in name only.
In the third year of Jianxing (315), Emperor Huan of Jin repeatedly summoned troops to Sima Bao, the chancellor, and the officials around Sima Bao said: "When the pit viper bites his hand, the strong man cut off his wrist to prevent the spread of snake venom." Now that the morale of the Hu people and thieves is high, they should temporarily cut off the road of Longdi to observe the changes in the situation. Pei Jie, who was engaged in zhonglang, said: "Now that the snake has bitten its head, can the head also be cut off?" Sima Bao then made the zhenjun general Hu Song the forward governor, and waited for the various armies to concentrate and march.
Qi Yun wanted to escort Emperor Huan of Jin to Sima Bao, and Suo Qiang said, "Sima Bao has obtained the Son of Heaven and will certainly indulge his own selfishness." "So there was no action. In this way, the area west of Chang'an no longer paid tribute to the imperial court, and the civil and military officials in the imperial court were hungry and sleepy, and survived by collecting wild millet.
In August of the fourth year of Jianxing (316), Liu Yao of Han Zhao led an army to besiege Chang'an, and the connection between Chang'an City and the outside of Chang'an Was severed. In October, there was a serious famine in Chang'an City, the price of rice reached two or two gold in one bucket, and there was a situation of people eating people, and more than half of the people in Chang'an City starved to death. There were dozens of koji cakes for brewing in Taicang, and Koji Yun smashed the koji cakes and boiled the porridge for the Jin Emperor to drink, and soon, the koji cakes were already eaten. Emperor Huan of Jin cried and said to Koji Yun that now that he was poor and in danger, there was no rescue outside, and it was his duty to die for sheji.
But thinking of the suffering of the soldiers, we should take advantage of the fact that the city has not fallen, and perhaps save the people from the suffering of slaughter. So he ordered people to quickly send a letter to surrender to Han Zhao. On November 11, Emperor Huan of Jin sent his attendant Song Chang to deliver a letter of surrender to Liu Yao, riding in a sheep cart himself, taking off his jacket, and holding a jade bi, and the attendants carried the coffin out of the city and surrendered. The group of ministers wept and shouted, climbed to the aid of the car, and took the hand of Emperor Jin, who was also sad.
Mishi Nakagiro committed suicide. Liu Yao burned the coffin, accepted Yu Bi, and asked Song Chang to serve the Jin Emperor back to the palace. On the seventeenth day, Emperor Huan of Jin was sent to Pingyang to live in exile, and both Koji Yun and the officials followed him to Pingyang. Emperor Liu Cong of the Han Dynasty gave Emperor Jin the titles of Grand Master of Guanglu and Marquis of Huai'an. On the eighteenth day, Liu Cong ascended the temple, and Emperor Huan of Jin prostrated his head and bowed in worship in front of him, and When Li Yun saw this scene, he wept bitterly on the ground and then committed suicide.
After Emperor Huan of Jin surrendered to Han Zhao, Liu Cong humiliated him in every way. In October of the fifth year of Jianxing (317), Liu Cong went out hunting, and Emperor Huan of Jin performed the duties of a general on a horse, wearing a military uniform and holding a spear in his hand, opening the road in front, and the people gathered on the side of the road to watch, some of the remnants of the Jin Dynasty were old, and after watching it, they sobbed and drooled, and Liu Cong was very disgusted when he heard it.
Later, Liu Cong took advantage of the banquet to let Emperor Huan of Jin drink wine, wash wine glasses, and when he went to the toilet, he made Emperor Huan of Jin take the toilet lid, and the Jinchen next to him lost his voice and cried, and Shang Shulang Xinbin hugged Emperor Jin and cried bitterly, and was killed by Liu Cong. On December 20 (February 7, 318), Liu Cong killed Emperor Huan of Jin at Pingyang at the age of eighteen.
When The Jin Emperor succeeded to the throne, it was during the Yongjia Rebellion, the world fell apart, there were not more than 100 households in Chang'an City, houses collapsed, and thorns became a forest. The imperial court did not have carriages and horses, and could only write the official title on the mulberry board as a sign. The army is only one brigade, four public and private vehicles, lack of equipment, and the transportation of grain and wages cannot be provided. Foreign enemies ran rampant, Kyoto was in danger, the princes of various places had no dedication, and the generals of the four sides did not have the actions of the king, so that the Emperor of Jin was in an embarrassing situation and was humiliated and killed.
Fang Xuanling et al. "Book of Jin" :(1) "After Emperor Huan ran, he vainly used his false name, and the government of the world was gone, and the heroes of the world could not be taken!" (2) "Huai Pei Yuxi, living in the Yellow House." The whale fell three mountains, the whale swallowed nine clothes, the beast entered the gold merchant, and the vault was not in the middle. The round skull is exhausted, and the square toes are salty and stiff. The doctor turned his head back and moved me to Pingyang. The Lord wept, so why not! ”
Wang Fuzhi's "Reading Through the Commentary" :(1) "When Emperor Huan enters Chang'an, he will die." (2) "Emperor Huan, who does not know the soldiers and the disciples who promote them in name? The wise know this only; but the foolish and the impatient are desperate to threaten the Son of Heaven, and the slanderer is afraid, does not measure up to strength, does not measure up to the situation, and defeats the country in vain. ”