Mr. Shiru:
The younger brother took up the post of a brigade, long neglected the news, longed for the heart, did not taste or forget. Repeatedly insulting Ya Wangyuan sent great works, etc., deeply felt fortunate. At a time when the country is urgent to save the country, Brother Zhiren is patriotic, enthusiastic and does not follow others, and publicizes it to students and the public. When the national crisis is approaching, the enemy has already hit Changzhou and Jiaxing, and our undead people in the southwest are very sad here, how should we hold our eyes, hold our breath, bury our heads, strengthen our will, and discuss the policy of "how to work after that"? May every organ, every group, and every individual concentrate on this issue and decide to implement it at the end. The provinces have been evacuating and relocating manufacturers to Yunnan for one more day.
Congratulations
Listen to the Sound of Shortcuts in the New Year!
Brother Huang Police Stubborn 13/3
Yellow police stubborn letter Za
This is a letter written by Mr. Huang Jianjian during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. As an old man in the Commercial Press, Huang Jiu has been forgotten by the world. This year marks the 120th anniversary of the founding of the business, and I have not seen any articles dedicated to him.
It is not surprising that Huang Jian, who was born as an apprentice, was promoted from a clerk to the head of the communication section, and if he was senior, he was afraid that he would be out of the hundred in the business crowd. But in Chen Yuan's interview with Hu Yuzhi, Hu was most impressed by two businessmen, one was Wang Yunwu and the other was Huang Jianjian. Hu Yuzhi had a bad view of Wang Yunwu almost all his life, and he admired Huang Jianjie, who entered the industry in 1907 and left in 1947.
Hu Yuzhi said, "At that time, the Commercial Press was in the store on the Fourth Road, and you could read books at will, but you didn't need money to read books. When selling books, Huang Jianjian stood next to him, the new book came out, and Huang was next to the new book. Over time, who comes to read books, who buys books, what books to buy, Huang knows..... At that time, it was easy to open the shelf to sell books, and when Huang was present, books were not easy to lose... Huang Is particularly stubborn, and he has contacted many, many readers and authors" and "he is the most special person in business", and "other bookstores do not have such people".
At that time, the "Doctor of Communication" had very few images preserved, and the neutral one was Huang Jian
Huang Jianjian (1894-1979) is probably such a kind of person, who traveled all over the world during his lifetime, and often talked about his family lineage with friends, but compared with his life, not many others could understand it. Fortunately, Huang Jianjian left two autobiographies before his death, one of which is "Twenty Years of Social Experience Talk - Self-narration of the Communicator Huang Jianjian" contained in the fiftieth issue of "Good Friends" (1930), huang shi Chinese New Year's Eve six years old; the other is "My Forty Years in the Commercial Press", which was included in the "Ninety Years of the Commercial Press", which was dictated at the age of seventy. Huang's writing is extremely plain, even if it is an oral account made in the era of frequent movement, it is never a thin old person, which is really valuable. The article does not need to be paraphrased, and only this letter is discussed here.
Huang Jian's stubborn dictation contained in the fiftieth issue of "Good Friends"
The letter was written on March 13, mentioning that the war had affected Changzhou and Jiaxing, reviewing the war, on November 19, 1937, Jiaxing fell; on November 29, Changzhou was destroyed, and the letter should be written in March 1938. The geographical location of Chang and Jia was important, especially Jiaxing, which jumped to the throat of transportation after the outbreak of the Battle of Songhu and later became the strategic core in the early stage of the Nanjing Defense War. At the time of writing this letter, four months had passed since the local fighting, and presumably it must have been heard from as far away as Yunnan, so why is it still mentioned here?
This is related to the personnel of the Commercial Press. Zhang Yuanji, a brother of the business, was born in Haiyan; other old people such as Xu Tiaofu of Pinghu, Lu Feikui of Tongxiang, Mao Dun of Tongxiang, and Jinhua of Tongxiang were all subordinate to Jiaxing Province. In 1916, when Mao Dun, who was in his early twenties, entered the Compilation Office of the Commercial Press, his roommate Xie Guansheng introduced him to the personnel of the business, saying: "The people who compile the textbooks of primary and secondary schools in the Ministry of Chinese Culture (Minister Zhuang Yu, Wu Jinren) in the compilation institute are all the Same Changzhou Gang. According to statistics, there are nearly a hundred Changzhou people who have entered and left the Ministry of Culture, such as Jiang Weiqiao, Zhuang Yu, Lu Erkui, Xie Guan, Xie Renbing, Meng Sen, Yun Tieqiao, Lu Simian, etc. This is the so-called "Changzhou Gang" of commerce, of course, at that time, it was called "Yanghu Qisu".
Who is the trustee, "Mr. Shiru"? Huang Police's recalcitrant connections are extremely extensive, and they are not so easy to examine. The article mentions "southwest", and Jiang Junzhang wrote "Economic Geography of Southwest China" during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, "taking into account what various families have said, and the characteristics of interdependence in the national defense economy, the five provinces of Dingchuan, Qiangui, Diankang and Diankang are still very large", and the scope is still very large. Fortunately, the mention of "Dian" and "Zhaotong" can be known as Mr. Zhang Xilu (1900-1979).
Zhang is a native of Zhaotong Nancheng, who was teaching at the Provincial No. 2 Middle School (also in Zhaotong), a middle school teacher in Yunnan, how did he get in touch with Shanghai Wenren? One possibility is that mail-order books, including ordering teaching materials, and other business contacts arise; another possibility also exists, taking zhang Xilu's life, in 1934, he used his accumulated salary and the funding of the Yunnan Education Department to take Sichuan, along the Yangtze River to inspect cultural relics, and then went north to study, which lasted for a year and a half, during which he arrived in Zhejiang, and may have met Huang Police at this time. According to Zheng Yimei's recollection, the textbooks issued by business were widely sold and profitable, and at that time, the Zhonghua Bookstore, the World Bookstore, and the Enlightened Bookstore participated in the competition, and people in the educational circles were of great help to the sales assistance, and the "Doctor of Communication" Huang Jianjian, as the most prominent talent in this regard, where the principals and academic affairs directors of foreign schools came to Shanghai, he did not know it, knew that he had to take it upon himself to entertain food and lodging, guide the tour, do his best to enjoy a few days, and "by the way" asked them to use more business textbooks next semester between talking and laughing.
Zhang Xilu
The class schedule of Zhang Xilu in the 20th year of the Republic of China when he was in yunnan provincial no. 2 middle school
Photo of Zhang Xilu's inscription after his trip to Beijing
Although Zhang Xilu teaches in middle schools, he is actually a very talented person. He graduated from Donglu University (the predecessor of Yunnan University), yunnan education is backward, according to Pan Xun's "Research on Social Changes in the Southwest Rear Area during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression", between 1912 and 1938, there were only 2,575 young students with higher education in Yunnan, and only one-tenth graduated from provincial universities. There are only twenty-nine provincial secondary schools (thirteen of which have high schools), with a total of 617 teaching staff, of which very few have received higher education. Zhang's family was poor, and he was mostly funded by the local teachers, and returning to Zhaotong to teach should have the idea of repaying his hometown. In addition, Zhang Xilu presided over archaeological excavations in Zhaotong and other places many times, and during his eastern tour, he also went to Suzhou to visit Zhang Taiyan and Yunnan famous Li Geng; later went to Beiping to meet Rong Geng, and participated in the "Archaeological Society" presided over by Rong Shi. The letter mentions that Zhang Xilu has repeatedly "sent great works from afar", which should include Zhang's "Records of the Golden Stones of Eastern Yunnan" and "Zhaotong Han Jinshi" written by Zhang in 1937. Unfortunately, the War of Resistance broke out, and I am afraid that business did not have time to take care of him.
The fourth issue of the Archaeological Society, the authors are all selected at the moment, published in 1936
Zhang Xilu wrote two works in 1937
According to the meaning of the text, this should be a reply to the letter, the Anti-Japanese War army is rising, and Zhang Xilu, who is far away in Zhaotong, sent a letter to this friend in Shanghai to greet him and understand the military situation. In 1937, huang police stubbornly devoted themselves to the front line to rescue wounded soldiers from the day after the outbreak of the Battle of Songhu, and then rescued refugees in the rear, saying that "born into death, but also killed Chengxiang". By 1938, Shanghai had become an isolated island, the Business Press had plummeted, his work was idle, and he had devoted most of his time to social assistance. Due to his sociable ability and a lot of information, Huang Jian showed excellent insight in the letter. A week before writing this letter, on March 7, 1938, Chen Lifu was inaugurated as minister of education of the National Government in Chongqing, and at the beginning of his term of office, he made a series of speeches on wartime education, such as "Letter to young people", which can be summarized in short: "Wartime must be seen in peacetime". In April of the same year, the Provisional National Congress of the Kuomintang wrote this opinion into the "Outline of the Implementation Plan for Education at All Levels in Wartime": "Education is the foundation of the founding of the country, and the composition of the entire national strength depends on education, both in peacetime and in wartime." Due to the objective situation of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the so-called "foundation of the founding of the country" education can only be based on the rear area. Huang Jian's stubbornness to Zhang Xilu's mention of "tears, holding on to the breath, burying his head, and strengthening his will" can be said to be a visualization of the outline.
Chen Lifu
Commercial Press new book advertisement front
The back of the commercial press new book advertisement
According to the "Yunnan During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression - Compilation of Archival Historical Materials", after the National Government announced the relocation of the capital in November 1937, it not only announced that the southwest would be used as a rear base for the War of Resistance, but also pointed out the direction for the vast number of people who migrated inland. Since 1938, the light and heavy industrial and mining enterprises in Shanghai, Ninghang and along the coastal rivers have faced the threat of being destroyed and occupied by the Japanese army, and the factory relocation of "industrial westward" has also begun, and Zhaotong has been the gateway to Yunnan in Sichuan and Guizhou provinces since ancient times, and it was also chaotic and abnormal at that time.
Bird's eye view of the mountains and rivers after the destruction of the country, the day after the letter was written, the Battle of Taierzhuang began, the 60th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, organized by Long Yun and led by Lu Han, assembled in Longhai Road Lan Village and the area of Civil Rights, of which the 182nd Division was composed of Zhaotong disciples, a month of fierce fighting, 3,398 Zhaotong disciples died, the number of dead was the first of the Dian Army; the next month (April 1938) the letter was sent, the Southwest United Congress moved into Kunming; and as early as December 1937, the "Road Building Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement" began. Yunnan military and civilians began to build the Yunnan Burma Highway (Kunming to Qicheng), and the Sichuan-Yunnan Railway, with Zhaotong as the hub, is also stepping up exploration.
Map of Zhaotong Airport
The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression has only just begun, and how did Huang Jian and Zhang Xilu spend the long years after that? Zhang continued to teach people tirelessly while continuing his academic research. There is a letter written by Wei Jiangong to Li Maixian and Liu Chongde in 1939, mentioning Zhang Xilu many times, such as "Turning down Mr. Zhang Xilu's great works, he still benefited from the chaos, and felt ashamed of what", "Mr. Zhang Jianhan Jianchu instrument and worm fish instrument, what should be called, quite interesting." There is no catalogue at hand to refer to the evidence, and it is very sad to be ashamed", it can be seen that Zhang still maintains close contacts with first-class scholars. The "Zhaotong Education Chronicle" has an entry entitled "Zhang Xilu", which mentions that he served as a language and history teacher during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, talking more about the historical facts of national heroes resisting foreign insults, and flogging traitors who betrayed the country and sought glory, so as to inspire and train students.
The National Peking Library sent a letter to Zhang Xilu
In early 1944, Huang Jianjie, who was then the director of the social service department of the "Declaration", was taken away from the newspaper by the gendarmerie and detained on North Sichuan Road for more than a month, and tortured many times; less than half a month later, because the guerrillas sent him a greeting card during the Spring Festival of that year, he was detained again for three days and beaten twice, and then hospitalized for a long time until the victory of the War of Resistance.
Huang Zhang and Zhang, one is good at communication and one is good at learning; one is in the city, and the other is in the southwest, there is no similarity. However, when we examine the lives of the two people in detail, there are many similarities: their fathers were both from the Keju family; their families were poor and their studies were difficult to sustain; they were both married late (Huang Thirty-nine years old, Zhang forty-one years old); both engaged in occupations that were most in line with their own nature.
After graduating from primary school, Huang Jianjian went to the book industry cram school attached to the Commercial Press for an interview, and the main subjects such as Zhang Yuanji, Jiang Weiqiao, and Lu Feikui all thought that Huang was lively and had some social genius, so he was hired; in the eyes of Zhang's early classmates Deng Xianghua, Pu Hanying, and teacher Yuan Jiagu, Zhang Xilu was extremely fond of archaeology when he was a student.
According to Pu Hanying's "Abstract of the Chronology of the West Building", on June 6, 1941, Zhang Xilu prepared a will and sent it to him: "When this opportunity is raging, misfortune is unpredictable, and I should make a will, that is, everyone should do the same, so as to avoid disputes between the relatives behind me." Yu Pingzhi has many books in his collection, followed by antiquities. In this dangerous situation today, if an accident occurs, the books will annoy you to open a joint meeting, estimate the sale, and print the remaining works at the cost of the antiquities; the antiquities please inform the contributions to the government. Huang Jian is also a person who can't keep money, he is very frugal, he has no socialist suit and leather shoes, just a "perennial cloth robe, a pair of cloth shoes, his appearance is not proud, a bit like a village teacher." But he had the idea of Mozi and love in his heart, and said to himself that he "always admired Yan Pingzhong as a person, and was still chivalrous", and tried his best to help his friends, regardless of the domain, no matter whether old or young, poor or low. Many people came to him from Nanyang or distant provinces to seek help, even such as "white Russia in Shanghai" and "Goryeo people who were enthusiastic about the restoration movement", he did not hesitate to undress and push food. Almost seventy percent of the monthly income is taken to help others, so that the father's funeral can not be done, and then Li Bake and Wang Xianhua asked the company to give a hundred gold to get through the difficulties.
Huang Jian's stubborn essay "I know hundreds of thousands of friends"
Yuan Jiagu to Zhang Xilu Short Za
After 1949, Huang Police stubbornly went to Beijing, Zhang Xilu still stayed in Zhaotong, but both worked in the education system (Central Academy of Fine Arts, Zhaotong District No. 1 and No. 3 Middle School), Huang was completely useless, Zhang Shang was able to spring and rain, but I don't know if the two still had contact; the two had a lot of works in the old era, and there was no publication in the new society; in successive movements, Huang was branded as a "rightist" in 1957 and forced to retire and return to Shanghai; Zhang was falsely accused of being a "reactionary academic authority" in 1966, and his wife Liang Shaomei committed suicide From 1978 to 1979, two physically and mentally exhausted elderly people passed away.