<h1 class="ql-align-center" > Wen/Peng Yunnan </h1>
Because of my interest and because of my regional complex, I pay a lot of attention to the tea village culture, especially the Santan culture. The so-called Three Tans refers to the three fathers and sons of Tan Zhonglin, Tan Yanmin and Tan Zemin in the high stone bed of the Chaling Tomb in the late Qing Dynasty, and the reason why they were named "Three Tan Culture" is because these three fathers and sons not only have high reputation, but also have great cultural achievements, which is enough to compete with the three Cao and Three Su in history. Since the third issue of Xiangdong Culture in 2014 published the article "Three Tans of Chaling in the Late Qing Dynasty", the literary and historical circles have gradually paid more attention to it, and more and more articles introducing the Three Tans have been published. Of course, defined as a cultural phenomenon, there is no consensus yet. The author dared to try the argument, aiming to throw bricks and lead jade, and make a modest contribution to promoting the study of the culture of The Three Tans in Chaling.
The main achievement of the Santan culture
The three Tans of Chaling are all well-educated people, and their poetry is excellent. But its cultural achievements are mainly in calligraphy. Tan Zhonglin (1822--1905) was born poor, studied hard, and was honest and honest all his life, successively serving as a government official in Shaanxi and Gansu, Liangguang, Fujian and Zhejiang for more than 20 years, prefect, governor, inspector and other positions, basically achieving "benefiting one party for one official", the official reputation is very good, and it is deeply relied on by the imperial court. Empress Dowager Cixi praised him even more, and in 1893 she issued a special decree to build a private residence for the elderly in his old-age home. His cultural achievements are not revealed, either by his achievements. In fact, compared with his character and official character, his poetry is not inferior, especially the calligraphy cultivation is very refined. In terms of writing, he mainly wrote current political papers, which was also forced by the times. In the late Qing Dynasty, the court was in internal and external difficulties, especially after the Opium War, the national fortunes declined, and as a heavy minister, he also wanted to save the crisis and reached hundreds of chapters. The calligraphy community has a higher evaluation of his calligraphy, and it is generally believed that his calligrapher Chengyan Liu, but he has the "two kings" style of writing, and also has the artistic conception of Minang Palace's qingyi chaomai and heavenly fun and ethereal spirit. His calligraphic work "Hangzhou Wenyuan Pavilion Stele" was used as a book poster by later generations and had a great influence. Most of his calligraphy works are collected in museums in Shanghai, Hunan and other places, and at the beginning of this century, occasionally a single work participated in the auction of Chinese calligraphy and painting works, and the price was more than 10,000 yuan.
Tan Zhonglin inscription "Chun Mao Xuan Rong" plaque
Tan Zhonglin's third son, Tan Yanmin (1879--1930), was considered to be blue out of blue over blue, not only was he the winner of the last scientific expedition of China's imperial examination system in 1904, but also the official to the chairman of the National Government, with a prominent position. Tan Yanmin's poems are mostly improvised, hand-picked, not re-collected, and more arbitrary. Therefore, most of the works are scattered among the people and difficult to collect. After his death, he left more than 500 handwritten poems, which were compiled into the "Hand-written Poems of Mr. Tan Zuan", a total of four volumes. However, his cultural achievements are also reflected in calligraphy, and his calligraphy is known as the first of the four major calligraphers in the Republic of China.
Tan Yanmin calligraphy
Tan Zhonglin's fifth son, Tan Zemin (1889--1947), was "good at poetry and painting", but his main achievement was also in calligraphy, and his "calligraphy was a family of its own, with a style close to Weng Tonggong, a majestic beauty, and a book (big character) in Yougong, which was more magnificent than his brother Tan Yanmin. This evaluation should be more pertinent. At the beginning, the plaque of the "National Government" was written by Tan Yanmin, but Tan Yanmin said that his big characters were not as good as "Old Five", and finally invited Tan Zemin to write. "Ze Min wrote a book, taking the low price of the run, and the seekers were many, but still did not set a high run example; There are books to ask for the market, but also do not exalt their own value, willing to respond, for yilin respect. "Xi Ji collected and collected the authentic works of Qing Dynasty calligraphers, especially Qian Feng, Liu Yong, He Shaoji, and Weng Tonggong, who were the richest in calligraphy." Good at composing poetry, usually meeting friends with poetry books, and not making friends with powerful people. "There is the "Collection of Stopping Righteousness".
Tan Zemin's Book of Seven Words
One discipline and two scholars, two generations of three scholars. Tan Zhonglin's father and son are all well-educated people, and they have their own choices and characteristics for being officials, but the grammar and calligraphy are very similar. In particular, the calligraphy of Xingkai is mature and self-contained, and its influence is vast and far-reaching, such as Jian'an Sancao and Meishan Sansu, which is still very rare in the history of Chinese culture.
In addition to poetic calligraphy, another important contribution of the Santan culture is that Zu'an family cuisine has been brought from a small folk stove to the official banquet table, becoming the source of Hunan cuisine. Hunan cuisine is one of the eight major cuisines in China, and the taste is particularly sour, tender, light and fragrant. China is a country that pays attention to food, and since ancient times, food and culture have been inseparable unity. So far, Chaling has successfully held five sessions of the Zu'an Food and Culture Festival, the source of Hunan cuisine, and has long been famous. Zuan is no longer a personal name, but a local brand, a cultural symbol.
The spiritual inheritance of Santan culture
If you delve into the causes of the Santan culture, you should still start from the folk traditions of the tea village. The Three Tans began with Tan Zhonglin, tan Yanmin and Tan Zemin grew up under the education of Tan Zhonglin. Gaolong Stone Bed still has many stories of Tan Zhonglin's childhood, some stories are legendary and full of mystery, but no matter how magical and mysterious, one thing is certain, that is, Tan Zhonglin has been a very diligent and hardworking person since childhood, and he knows etiquette, understands filial piety, and has responsibility.
Since ancient times, the people of Chaxiang have adhered to the idea of cultivating and reading heirlooms and establishing themselves, which is deeply rooted. Some people have concluded that the character of the tea townspeople is chongwen hard reading and self-improvement; Bow down, honest and dedicated; Unforgiving, perseverance; Just and righteous, not afraid of rape; Be kind and inclusive, sincere and united. It should be said that these three qualities are all possessed, but Tan Zhonglin is more prominent. If Tan Zhonglin is forced by family circumstances, Tan Yanmin and Tan Zemin have more self-consciousness.
The main spiritual inheritance of Santan culture is concentrated in three aspects: diligence, filial piety and responsibility. It is needless to say that they are diligent, because in their life experiences, especially in the diligent reading of their childhood, they can peek at the leopard. Tan Zhonglin began to stand on his own at the age of sixteen, Tan Yanmin came to the "Magu Sutra" two hundred times a day, and Tan Zemin sold words for a long time for a living, which can not be described as impolite. The spirit of responsibility is also very obvious, Tan Zhonglin is a clean, honest, upright, and effective evaluation of the official to accompany his life, and the people and officials in the place where he is still relishing his exploits. Although Tan Yanmin won the nickname of "licorice in medicine" because of his "sleekness", his experience of supervising Xiang xiang three times and the chief executive of the two terms of the national government said that he did not take on the responsibility of spiritual affirmation. In this regard, Tan Zemin may be slightly lacking, but his self-improvement spirit of not taking advantage of his brother is enough to explain everything. Among the stories handed down by Santan, many of them are related to filial piety, and Tan Yanmin is the most representative. After his widowhood in middle age, his lifelong practice of not renewing the string is admired by the world, and his filial piety to his mother is impeccable.
In addition, they all have a sense of transparency and open-mindedness, which can be mainly reflected in calligraphy cultivation and many calligraphy works. Tan Zhonglin has written a lot of scrolls by himself, and its content should be said to be positive and healthy. When he was serving in Shaanxi, he wrote to a friend a pair of couplings: "Inserting hibiscus is predetermined for Lan Dingjie, and planting pines is the nest with cranes first." The green fence is set with hibiscus, the range of orchids is planned, and the pine trees are planted to attract hundreds of birds to nest, outlining a picture of green grass, strange flowers, pine cranes, simple and quiet pastoral life.
Regarding transparency and open-mindedness, Tan Zemin is also worthy of admiration. Born into such a prominent family, especially the elder brother in such a prominent position, it is not a problem to find an official and a half-position, but it is not easy for him to insist on selling words for a living and not to make friends with the powerful. And Tan Yanmin's refusal to propose to the Song family and the marriage of Jiang and Song have surprised many people and it is difficult for non-saints to do so.
Tan Yanmin
The practical influence of Santan culture
Perhaps, when we study the Three Tan culture, we should focus on the Three Tan culture itself, understand the origin of the Three Tan culture, interpret the profound connotation of the Three Tan culture, and focus on publicity and promotion. Only in this way, as a cultural phenomenon, will it have an inexhaustible impetus for local development.
Santan's cultural achievements are mainly in calligraphy. His calligraphy is in the same vein, inheriting Yan Liu, but each has its own characteristics: Tan Zhonglin's calligraphy is more flexible, giving people a sense of freshness and casualness and elegance; Tan Yanmin's calligraphy is more masculine and gives people a meticulous and rigorous impression; Tan Zemin's calligraphy style is close to weng Tonggong, and it is also more similar to his father Tan Zhonglin, who opens vigorously and wields freely.
Driven by the education and influence of The Three Tan culture, the tea village scholars are more conscious of learning calligraphy, the local people are more fond of calligraphy creation, and calligraphy talents are endless. Not to mention that the calligraphy of Tan Boyu and Tan Shoucheng, descendants of the Tan clan of Chaling, is also very sophisticated, and now the study of calligraphy in Gaolong, a tea town, has become a common practice, and has been named "Chaling Calligraphy Village" and "Hometown of Chinese Poetry", with this honor, it is not unrelated to the influence of Santan culture.
In fact, poetry creation and calligraphy study are not successful through hard work alone. Diligence, filial piety and responsibility are the commonalities of the Three Tans, as a spiritual inheritance, it is also the nutrition we need most nowadays, and fully excavating these spiritual connotations should become the focus of the study of the Three Tan cultures.
Chaling Southern Song Dynasty Ancient City Wall
Article Source/Xiangdong Culture
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