Emperor Daozong of Liao (14 September 1032 – 12 February 1101), male, Khitan clan, zi nelin, Khitan name Yelü Chala, the eldest son of Emperor Yelüzong of Liaoxing, mother of Empress Renyi Xiao Taoli, the eighth emperor of the Liao Dynasty.
In the first month of the seventh year of Shouchang (1101), Yelühong died of genetic disease at the age of seventy. Emperor Xiaowen of Rensheng and Emperor Daozong of the Temple. In June, he was buried with Empress Xuanyi Xiao Guanyin.
So today Xiaobian will talk about the wonderful life of Liao Daozong Yelü Hongji, let's take a look at it!
A brief biography of The Liao Daoist Yelü Hongji
Early life
On the seventh day of the first month of August of the second year of Gyeongbok (September 14, 1032), Yelü Hongji was born while his father, Emperor Xingzong of Liao, was passing through the source of the River. In November of the sixth year of Chongxi (1037), yelü Hongji, who was then six years old, was crowned king of Liang. In November of the eleventh year of Chongxi (1042), he was enfeoffed as the King of Yan and the commander-in-chief of the Zhongcheng Commandery.
On the seventh day of the first month of August in the twelfth year of Chongxi (1043), the Privy Counsellor of the Northern and Southern Yuan of the Prime Minister, affiliation of Shangshu Ling, was enfeoffed as the King of Yanzhao. In July of the twenty-first year of Chongxi (1052), he was appointed as the Grand Marshal of the Terracotta Army, and zhi ti yinshi (an official in charge of imperial affairs) participated in the imperial government.
Yelü Hongji was calm and quiet by nature, strict and resolute, and whenever he entered the Hajj, Xingzong put away his smile and his face became serious.
Ascended the throne as emperor
On the second day of the first month of August in the twenty-fourth year of Chongxi (1055), Emperor Xingzong was critically ill and summoned Yelü Hongji to inform him of the outline of his rule. On the fourth day of the first month of August, Emperor Xingzong died in the palace, and the edict was that Yelü Hongji would inherit the throne. So Yelü Hongji succeeded to the throne before the coffin of Emperor Xingzong for The Liao Daozong. Yelü Hong's death was extremely saddened and did not listen to the government. On the sixth day of the first month of August, at the request of the hundred officials, Emperor Daozong of Liao came to the court to listen to the government.
On August 13, Yelü Hongji honored the edict of Emperor Xingzong of Liao, and appointed Xiao Ala, an envoy from Northwest Road and the king of Xiping Commandery, as the prime minister of The Northern Province, still holding the post of privy councillor of the ZhinanYuan, and Xiao Xuanlie, the prime minister of the Northern Province, was appointed as the envoy of the Wuding Army. On August 16, the era name was changed to Qingning, and the world was pardoned.
He died in his later years
In December of the sixth year of Shouchang (1100), Yelü Hongji fell ill. On the first day of the first lunar month in the seventh year of Shouchang (1101), Yelü Hongji reluctantly supported the sick body to receive pilgrimage from hundreds of officials and emissaries from various countries at the Qingfeng Hall. On the second day of the first lunar month, Yelü Hongji came to the Chaotong River. On the thirteenth day of the first month, Yelü Hongji died at the palace at the age of seventy, and was succeeded to the throne by his grandson Yelü Yanxi, the prince of Yan (the son of Yelü Jun, the prince of Zhaohuai). On June 11, Shangchen was given the title of Emperor Xiaowen of Rensheng and Emperor Daozong of the Temple. On June 22, he was buried with Empress Xuanyi Xiao Guanyin at Qingling.
What are the anecdotal stories of Liao Daozong Yelü Hongji?
1. Born vision
On the first day of the first lunar month in the seventh year of Shouchang (1101), Yelü Hongji supported the sick body to the Qingfeng Hall to receive pilgrimage from hundreds of officials and emissaries from various countries. That night, there was white gas like a training belt, falling from the sky, and black clouds rose in the northwest, flying rapidly and making noises. In the north, there are four colors of blue, red, black and white, which are mixed with each other and land. Twelve days later, Yelü Hongji died in the palace.
2. Be good with Song Tong
Yelü Hongji once cast a Buddha statue with dozens of taels of silver, and carved a line of text on the back of the Buddha statue: "May future generations be born in China." One year, because "the soldiers of the Southern Dynasty (Song Dynasty) crossed the border on horseback, and the bow and arrow shot at the (Liao) people under their jurisdiction", Yelü Hongji wrote to the Song Shenzong: "Stealing from the dynasty, since the good talks, they have abided by each other's rules, and they have made a deed, although the territory is divided into two countries, it is deeper than difficult to know, and the Yinuo family thinks together about Youyong." "Affirm the will to maintain peace." Su Rui, who had been an envoy to the Liao State, once commented on Yelü Hongji: "I have been on the throne for a long time and know the stakes. With the imperial court (Song) and good thoughts, the Han people rested and recuperated, everyone lived in peace, and they were not happy to fight. Later, when Yelü Hongji died, Yin Yin also warned his grandson Yelü Yanxi, who succeeded him: "The Southern Dynasty (Song Dynasty) has been through for a long time, and ru is strong, so don't cause trouble." ”
3. Love gambling
Liao Daozong Yelü Hongji was a dice fan, and the most famous thing he did was to gamble openly in the court, and the bet was the official position. Because he handled many government affairs every day, Yelü Hongji felt very tired, but who should hold the important position and who must let the emperor make his own decisions, which made Yelü Hongji a headache.
In the end, in order to save trouble, he simply let the ministers throw the dice, decide who will replace the vacant official position, and who will roll the most dice points, and who will be the vacant position. Among the many ministers, especially the number of points and the color of the yerushalayim thrown by Yerushalayim, who was very satisfied with this, considered him to be a sign of prime minister again, and appointed him to administer the Privy Council.
4. Liao Daozong wrote poetry as a Song dynasty
Friends who have seen "Eight Parts of the Heavenly Dragon" must be no stranger to Yelü Hongji, he is one of the few "pro-Song faction" Liao Dynasty emperors, he never invaded the Southern Song Dynasty during his reign, and before his death, he also told future generations not to cause trouble, and even to be a Song person in the next life!
He was one of the few Liao emperors who was very interested in Han Culture and actively studied it. Liao Daozong had a deep obsession with Han culture, and he liked poetry and song. Therefore, he was very happy about the existence of the Southern Song Dynasty, and he was a pro-Song faction, so he never invaded the Southern Song Dynasty during his reign for forty-six years, and the two countries were very peaceful for a long time, and also said a sentence that shocked the world incomparably, "May the next life be a Song person." ”
When Emperor Renzong of Song died, the Southern Song Dynasty sent emissaries to deliver the news to the Liao Emperor Yelü Hongji, who was very sad and even wept bitterly. Part of the reason why Yelü Hongji wished to be born as a Song in the next life was partly because he loved Han culture, was willing to become a Han in the next life, and was influenced by Han culture as soon as he was born, and partly because the Southern Song Dynasty at that time was very prosperous, with good public security and social welfare in place, which made people have to envy that environment.
How to objectively evaluate the Liao Daoist Yelü Hongji?
During the reign of Emperor Yaohongji of Liao for more than forty years, he also left a lot of achievements, whether it was political, economic or cultural, there were good measures, first of all, in politics, Yelü Hongji successively quelled the Chongyuan Rebellion and killed Yi Xin to stabilize the ruling position of the Liao Dynasty.
However, economically, Yelü Hongji was not in the practice of building temples for his partial buddhist preference, which aggravated the contradictions in domestic society, which could be described as laboring and hurting the people' wealth, which made the national strength of the Liao state begin to weaken, and in the historical records, it can be seen that in the yelü Hongji era, the Liao Dynasty had begun to weaken, and the Jurchens were constantly thriving. Eventually, the Liao Dynasty entered a situation of no return.
In terms of culture, Yelü Hongji also played a certain influence, in the records of ancient books, Yelü Hongji has achieved good results in both music and calligraphy, and he is personally very fond of poetry. However, through his works, it can also be well seen that the Khitan people's preference for Tang literature and their positive absorption of new literature can be seen.
In the history, the evaluation of it by later generations is still relatively fair, and in the ancient feudal society, as an emperor, Yelü Hongji was not the best, and at the same time, it was not the worst, and it can only be said that he was an ordinary emperor.
Who is the mother of The Liao Daoist Yelü Hongji?
Xiao Taoli (?) –1076), of the Xiao clan (萧氏), courtesy name Tart, was the eldest daughter of Xiao Xiaomu, the younger brother of Empress Xiao Yunjin of the Qin Dynasty, the second empress of Emperor Yelüzong of Liaoxing, and the mother of Emperor Yaozong of Liao. Xiao Tart is docile and generous, and her posture is beautiful. After Emperor Xingzong of Liao succeeded to the throne, Xiao Taoli entered the palace as a concubine.
In the fourth year of Chongxi (1035), she was made empress. He gave birth to three sons and two daughters for Emperor Xingzong of Liao: the eldest son, Yelü Hongji, the second son, Yelü And Lu, the second son, the King of Song, and the third son, Yelü Alian, the King of Qin; the eldest daughter, Princess Yelü Baoqin, the second daughter of Princess Zhengguo, Yelü Huilitai, in the twenty-fourth year of Chongxi (1055), Liaoxingzong died, And Emperor Daozong of Liao succeeded to the throne, and Honored Xiao Tartuli as empress dowager. During the Chongyuan Rebellion, thanks to his hole in the fire, and personally led his troops deep into the enemy position, he was not afraid of danger, and he was well commanded, so that he could quell the rebellion and stabilize the situation. In the second year of Dakang (1076), Xiao Taoli died, and was buried in Qingling.
Who was the empress of The Liao Daozong Yelü Hongji?
According to relevant historical records, there were two empresses of The Liao Daozong Yelü Hongji, and the following is a detailed description.
1. Xiao Guanyin (1040-1075), the first empress of Emperor Daozong of Liao, and her father Xiao Hui (younger brother of Emperor Xingzong's mother Xiao Yunjin), a famous female poet of the Liao Dynasty. Beautiful and beautiful, delicate and moving, introverted and delicate personality, very talented, often self-made lyrics, proficient in poetry, rhythm, good at talking. She played the lute well and was called the first at that time. There are also poems, which are praised by Emperor Daozong of Liao as a female talent.
During the Chongxi period, she was made a concubine by King Yelü Hongjina of Yanzhao and gave birth to a prince, Yelü Hongjina. In December 1055 (the first year of Qingning), she was made empress dowager, with the honorific title of Empress Yide. Because Qiu Shan was alienated by the emperor, he composed ten poems of "Huixinyuan". In November 1075 (the first year of Dakang), the Khitan chancellor Yelü Yixin, the Han chancellor Zhang Xiaojie, the palace maid Shan Deng, the jiaofang Zhu Dinghe, and others falsely accused Xiao Hou of having an affair with the lingguan Zhao. Xiao Guanyin was given death by Emperor Daozong, and his body was sent back to the Xiao family. In June 1101 (the first year of the Qian Dynasty), Emperor Tianzuo posthumously honored his grandmother as Empress Xuanyi and buried her in Qingling.
2. Xiao Tansi, the second empress of Emperor Daozong of Liao, was the sister of Emperor Yao of Liao's noble concubine Xiao Hui, and her brother Xiao Xia was made a lieutenant of The Horse.
In June of the second year of Emperor Daozong of Liao's reign (1076), after eliminating Xiao Guanyin, the first empress of Liao Daozong, and the crown prince Xiao Lurui, who was born to him, recommended Xiao Tansi, the sister of xiao Xiamu, to Emperor Daozong, and praised Xiao Tansi for his virtuousness and meekness and beauty. In this way, Xiao Tansi was made empress. His father Marquis Lang (祗侯郎君鳖里) was given the title of King of Zhao, his uncle Yu Li (余里) was also made the King of Liaoxi Commandery (辽西郡王), and his brother Xiao Xia (萧霞抹) was made the Prince of Liucheng Commandery (柳城郡王).
At this time, the only son of Emperor Daozong of Liao also died, so he was very much looking forward to having children in the harem. However, Xiao Tansi, who has been in the womb for several years, has never been pregnant. Therefore, Xiao Tansi said that his sister Xiao Huite was very good at raising children, and Xiao Huite was precisely the daughter-in-law of Yelü Yixin, the favorite of the Liao Daoist Sect, and he could not ask for him to send his daughter-in-law to the palace. Unexpectedly, a few years later, the Xiao sisters were still empty-chested, and the disheartened Liao Daozong had to take the son of his late prince Yelü Rui, who was being fostered in the chancellor's house, back to the palace, crown him as the King of Liang, and make him crown prince.
In December of the eighth year of Emperor Daozong of Liao's reign (壬戌, 1082), Empress Xiao Tansi was demoted to Concubine Hui and moved to Qianling, and her sister was also bombed back to her mother's house. Xiao Tansi's mother, Lady Yanguo, saw that her two daughters had ended up like this, so she held a grudge and vented all her anger on Crown Prince Yelü Yanxi, so she cursed Yanxi with witchcraft for his early death. Later, the matter was ruined and she was killed, and Xiao Huifei was deposed as a Shuren and imprisoned in Yizhou (宜州, in modern Yi County, Liaoning).
In the sixth year of emperor Tianqing of Liao (Bingshen, 1116), after Yelü Yanxi ascended the throne, he summoned Xiao Tansi back to the palace and made her a princess of the emperor. However, at this time, the Liao Dynasty had been beaten to pieces by the Jin soldiers and was about to collapse.
In the eighth year of emperor Tianqing of Liao (戊戌, 1118), Xiao Tansi saw that Liao was already in a precarious situation, so he secretly ran to the Black Top Mountain to live in seclusion. He died soon after and was buried in Prince Mountain.
Extended Information: Which famous ethnic group founded the Liao Dynasty?
The Liao Dynasty was a Khitan ethnic group, the Khitan ethnic group was an ancient Chinese nomadic people, originating in northeast China, adopting a semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral life.
In the early days, it was divided into eight khitan tribes, and the early Tang Dynasty formed a unified Dahe alliance. After Emperor Taizong of Tang, Tang placed the governor of Songmo and gave him the surname Li. After the collapse of the Great He clan alliance, the Khitans established a tribal alliance of the Yaoyuan clan, which was attached to the Later Turkic Khaganate.
In the fourth year of Tianbao (745), the Later Turks were destroyed by the Uighurs, and for the next hundred years, the Khitans remained under the rule of the Uighurs. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Khitan chief Yelü Abaoji unified the various departments, and in the first year of Later Liang Kaiping (907), he was appointed khan, and in the first year of the Divine Book (916), he was called emperor, and the state name was Khitan . In the first year of Datong (947), Emperor Taizong of Liao changed the name of the country to Liao, and in the second year of reunification (984), it was renamed Great Khitan and in the second year of Xianyong (1066), it was renamed Liao.
In the fifth year of Tianqing (1115), the Jurchens established the Jin Dynasty. Under the attack of the Jin army, the Liao Dynasty fell in the fifth year of Baoda (1125). In the ninth year of Yanqing of the Western Liao Dynasty (1132), Yelü Dashi was proclaimed emperor, known as "Western Liao", also known as "Hala Khitan", and became a powerful country in Central Asia at that time. The Western Liao was destroyed by the Mongols in the second year of Jin Xingding (1218).
The Khitans had hair and were usually dressed in robes on the left, with round necks and narrow sleeves. The Khitan people lived in felt tents, and the emperor's imperial tent was called a bowl. With the demise of the Liao state, the Khitan gradually integrated into other ethnic groups.