Author: Our special guest author Qian Qiuyuan
If you let you give the word "pit" a group of words, you will definitely say, this is good to say: "pit father", "pit mother", "pit husband", this year similar cases have seen a lot.
Hey, have you ever seen "pit daughter-in-law" or "pit son"?
Today I will take you to see a giant pit cargo of "pit daughter-in-law pit son" - Yelü Hongji.
Speaking of this person, do you feel familiar?
It is familiar to hear that he may be the most well-known emperor of the Liao Kingdom - in the "Eight Parts of the Heavenly Dragon", he and Xiao Feng worshiped brothers, and it was this old brother who wanted to invade the Central Plains with ambition!
Thanks to the spread of the "Eight Parts of the Heavenly Dragon" novel, in the Chinese circle, many people may not be familiar with Yelü Abaoji, Yelü Deguang, and Tianzuo Emperor, but they must have a very impression and a good impression on this big brother Xiao Feng who is righteous and thin and arrogant.
But the fact that Yerushalayim is completely unrelated to the above impression!
1. Yerushalayim
Yelü Hongji, the eighth emperor of the Liao Dynasty, was the emperor of Liao Daozong. During his 46-year reign, the length of his reign was not only the largest of the Liao States, but also counted in the entire history of China.
Having been in power for such a long time, something must have been done! And his main achievements can be simply summarized as the following words: killing his wife, killing his son, and establishing a grandson.
2. Empress Xiao Guanyin
It must be said that Yelü Hongji was a seriously Sinicized Khitan man, and look at his poems that came out of his mouth: Yesterday's Deqing "Huang Jufu", cut jin Ying to fill in the sentences. There is still a lingering fragrance in the sleeve, and the snub is not blown away by the west wind. Sinology level, that's really good.
It is not to say how special Yelü Hongji is, in fact, after more than 150 years of Liao-Han contact, the degree of Sinicization of the Liao people from the system to culture and the degree of Sinicization has been very high. It is not surprising that the Royal Jeroboam had such a level.
And Xiao Guanyin, the empress of Yelü Hongji, was the best sinologist among the Liao people, and her poetry was amazingly talented, known as the talented woman in Liao.
A "talented" emperor, a talented empress, it is said that it should be very well-matched, very happy, eh, the beginning of the ten years of their husband and wife, it is true, have given birth to two daughters, a son.
But Yelü Hongji, the great treasure, in addition to liking Sinology, he also likes to hunt! Later, this hobby was also magnified and multiplied to be inherited to "good" grandchildren... In Yelü Hongji it looks too normal, and the normality of the sport is comparable to that of the Han Chinese playing mahjong.
However, Empress Xiao Guanyin felt that the emperor of a country should focus on state affairs and not develop hobbies by nature. Persuasion and persuasion, and finally the relationship between husband and wife is cold - the authenticity of the reality, please refer to the real case of the fallover between our husband and wife because of playing mahjong today. As a result, the couple separated!
After the separation, the life is basically that the emperor hunts outside every day, and the empress keeps the empty house alone every day.
During this period, she wrote ten poems of the lingering "HuixinYuan" with great affection, these ten poems were mournful and bitter, soft and full of knots, which made people unbearable to read, comparable to Xue Tao's ten poems of that year.
In addition, there is also a song "Huaigu": only zhao family makeup is counted in the palace, and the rain and clouds are mistaken for the king of Han. Only a piece of the moon was known, and he had spied Fei Yan into Zhaoyang. On this one, it can be seen that this Guanyin Empress is not only proficient in the rhythm of poetry, but also has a thorough grasp of the historical allusions of the Central Plains civilization.
With this talent of hers, posterity even ranked her alongside Li Qingzhao. Even Naran Zhide, the first talent of the Manchu Qing Dynasty hundreds of years later, was very respectful of her.
The problem, however, is that poetry is an implicit expression of feelings, which also means that there is more room for interpretation.
The person who reads poetry can be a confidant or a confidant, but he can also be an enemy with ulterior motives.
3. Jeroboam
Unfortunately, the person who interpreted the poem was called Yelü Yixin, and his official position was That of King Zhao and Crown Prince Taifu.
Why him?
It's a complicated one:
Yelü Yixin had participated in the quelling of the Chongyuan Rebellion in 1063, and was once deeply respected by Yelü Hongji, and was made a prince and crown prince, a very popular subject, and also a powerful blessing and a power to the opposition. It was not until 1175 AD that the crown prince Yelü Jun began to participate in politics, which made Yerushalayim uncomfortable.
However, the alliance between the prince and the empress made Yerushalayim only hate it.
In this situation, Yerushalayim decided to kill the empress and get rid of the prince.
Hey, this kind of distorted psychology may not be understood by our people today, but yelü Yixin of that year and Hezhen of the later Qing Dynasty, they are estimated to be able to understand each other with a sharp mind.
4. The Queen's Adulterous Gate
Reading a poem, different people will have different understandings.
Yelü Yixin not only made a special interpretation of the "Huixinyuan", but also processed the incomparably beautiful "Ten Fragrant Words" on this basis, and also interpreted the "Huaigu" poem as the only Tibetan poem written to the music official Zhao.
Eh, this interpretation, Yelü Hongji, who hunts every day, suddenly feels that the top of his head is extremely environmentally friendly, and in anger, he directly gives Xiao Guanyin a three-foot white aya - self-cutting.
In 1075 AD, a generation of talented women Xiao Guanyin did not even have the opportunity to explain, and went to Huangquan Road! He is only 36 years old.
This is the most famous "empress derailment gate" in the history of the Liao Kingdom!
It is said that even if Yelü Hongji faints, he should have a normal IQ, so why is this important matter not even investigated in depth?
The real answer may only be asked to himself, but for this kind of thing with a green light on his head, Yelü Hongji probably does not want to become a scandal in the whole world, and only wants to end it as soon as possible, so he chose to cut the mess quickly.
But the problem is that the chain reaction caused by this matter is far from over!
Fifth, kill the son
One of the key reactions was the death of Prince Yerushalayim.
Like his mother, Yelüjun was deeply influenced by sinology, and his image did not look much like that of the steppe Hu people, and the Liao History said that he was "able to speak eloquently and learn to read", and he was very filial to his parents, and the hundred officials and subjects liked this gentle prince.
And the ambitionist Yelü Yixin, who killed Empress Xiao Guanyin with a conspiracy and trickery, seemed to have unlimited scenery, but his heart was extremely worried - he knew better than anyone that prince Yelüjun was the future emperor of the Great Liao Kingdom, and the revenge of killing his mother, could Yelüjun not repay?
Whenever he saw the prince's hateful eyes, Yelü Yixin kept shivering and at the same time, he kept being fierce. But those who can get rid of the prince, from ancient times to the present, have only one trick - rebellion. Although this matter is very difficult, it is difficult to defeat the "man with a heart" Yerushalayim.
In 1077, Yelü Yixin appointed a close associate, Xiao Duhui (萧讹都斡), who was then the Paiyin Langjun (the head of the imperial honor guard) and was a person who could usually be very close to the emperor.
He said to Yelü Hongji: Saying that he himself was going to rebel, everything was planned, first kill Yelü Yixin and other important state ministers, and then subvert Yelü Hongji and make the crown prince emperor. However, when the matter came to an end, he was suddenly frightened, and for the safety of his family, he was forced to turn himself in ("Yerushalayim and others plotted to kill Yi Xin, and wanted to establish the crown prince, and the courtiers also planned it."). Don't talk to yourself now, I'm afraid of leaking things").
As a result of this planting, the prince Yelü Jun was deposed as a commoner. And the person who tried the case was None other than Jeroboam.
Eh, even the basic parties can't avoid suspicion, and sometimes really doubt yelü Hongji's intelligence.
But after a while, Yelü Hongji suddenly wanted to ask his son what was going on.
But it was too late, and not long ago, Yerushalayim had sent someone to strangle Jeroboam, but reported that he had died of a violent illness!
If your son is dead, then ask your daughter-in-law? Hey, unfortunately, my daughter-in-law also died, and she also died of illness!
Poorly, the family was dying, and Yelü Hongji never suspected that there was a problem.
How to say it, there are many emperors in Chinese history who killed their sons, Tang Taizong and Emperor Wu of Han did it, but the only one who killed his only own son may be Yelü Hongji.
In any case, Yelü Hongji's first heir to the throne became his grandson, Yelü Yanxi, who later became Emperor Tianzuo.
Hearing this name, everyone knows that the death knell of this northern king who once dominated East Asia has sounded.
More than 20 years later, Jeroboam took the throne. The first thing he did after he came to power was to take revenge, and he sent people to dig up the graves of Yelü Yixin, Zhang Xiaojie, Xiao Thirteen and other enemies, kill the corpses to relieve the hatred, and raise the ashes. None of these people's clan relatives ran away, and they were killed clean. At that time, the Liao state was shrouded in a bloody rain and wind, and everyone was in danger, no matter who it was, as long as it was a little bit related to the case of that year, it would immediately be lost.
6. Discussion
Therefore, later generations said that the decline and fall of the Liao state began with the "Xiao Guanyin case". However, without the Xiao Guanyin case, could the Liao State extend the Guozuo?
In fact, before the outbreak of this case, the decline of the Liao state was already unstoppable, because the Liao state had already had major problems in its economic, political, and organizational thinking.
One is the economic aspect. The Khitans, which arose from the nomadic tribes of the north, were originally loose tribal alliances, and after the founding of the country, they were only a slave empire, and slaves and cattle and sheep were the most precious resources at that time. However, since the annexation of bohai and the occupation of Youyun Sixteen Prefectures, it has rapidly advanced along the road of feudalization, and large areas of arable land have become valuable resources, followed by irrepressible annexation, followed by constant increases in taxes and taxes. Under the vicious circle, the economy of the Liao State has been on the verge of collapse.
The second is the political aspect. This means that the Liao state is inherently insufficient, and we all know that the emperors of the Liao state are surnamed Yelü, which is very normal. But what is abnormal is that almost all the empresses of the Liao State are surnamed Xiao - what a powerful descendant force this is! In fact, the Liao Kingdom is not so much the world of the Yelü family as it is the world ruled by Yelü and Xiao! For example, after the death of Liao Taizu, Empress Shulu was in charge, and she decided the fate of the crown prince Yelüxin; when the Holy Sect returned to heaven, Empress Xiao came to the dynasty and arranged dead parties everywhere... In short, in the Liao court, the Hou clan was very powerful, strong enough to share the world with the imperial family! It is said that the court is afraid of party strife, but the politics of the Liao state is the natural imperial faction and the later faction, and this innate deficiency has laid countless hidden dangers for the stability of the Liao state, and when it comes to the Liao Daozong Yelü Hongji, it is almost about to explode.
The third is the organizational aspect. Once the military organization ability of the Liao state was very strong, almost all the people were soldiers, but with the collapse of the economic system, the treatment of soldiers became worse and worse, and the big head soldiers gradually became an unpopular profession, and political tilting accelerated the formation of this trend. Give less money, but still want to let your life? In short, the Great Liao, which was once a soldier for all the people, has been seriously insufficient! Later, even rely on the main force of the resentful army composed of displaced people to fight!
Frozen three feet, not a day's cold. It can be seen that even without the Xiao Guanyin case, the Great Liao State has accumulated a mountain of shortcomings and is difficult to return, but the Xiao Guanyin case has accelerated the push out of the loser Yelü Yanxi and accelerated the process of the collapse of the building.
References: "History of Liao", Wang Yulang, Shi Yanjun, "The Death of Empress Xiao Guanyin of Liao Yide and the Demise of the Liao Dynasty", Li Baizhan "Re-discussing the Causes of the Decline and Fall of the Liao Dynasty"
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