"There have been many talented female literary writers throughout the ages, but li Qingzhao is probably the only one who can establish a complete style of work and become a sect of his own."
Li Qingzhao is an outlier in the literary circles of the Song Dynasty.
She single-handedly broke into the literary field of men as a woman, without encouraging and sympathizing with her men, and without a group of female lyricists to back her up, and the hostility she faced could be imagined.
The Qing Dynasty scholar Pei Changyun once said, "Yi An is proud of his talents, despises everything, and the language is not enough." The first woman can open this mouth, and her arrogance is unspeakable, and her madness is unattainable. ”
The comments were particularly harsh.
In an era when attitudes toward women who displayed their literary talents were completely different from today's, ancient female writers and intellectuals, led by Li Qingzhao, faced serious challenges.
But even in such an era, Li Qingzhao never let himself fall into the cage of feudal etiquette.
She dares to express her true thoughts with articles and poems, and never hides her habits of "good wine", "good gambling" and "lust".
She pays attention to personal sorrow and joy, is generous, and dares to break the air of love and hate.
She is also worried about the fate of the country and the nation, and has the conscience and mind that traditional Chinese scholars and intellectuals should have.
She is "the first talented woman in China in a thousand years" and "China's greatest female writer".
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > entered the literary world</h1>
In March 1084, Li Qingzhao was born in Jinan, Qizhou, to a family of scholars.
His father, Li Gefei, was born as a jinshi, was one of the descendants of Su Shi's literature, and was also a famous minister of the Song Dynasty.
Her mother, Wang Shi, was also born into a family of scholars, who was familiar with poetry and books since childhood, and had a good literary accomplishment.
Living in such a strong literary atmosphere, Li Qingzhao has never left his hand since he was a child.
She laid a solid literary foundation by reading her father's rich collection of books.
The love of his parents allows young Li Qingzhao to have a space for breathing and relaxing in this strict social background.
Later, because his father was transferred to Fenjing as a Taixuelu, Li Qingzhao also went with his father and spent his entire adolescence in Fenjing.
The bustling scene and elegant living environment of Beijing once stimulated Li Qingzhao's creative enthusiasm.
She has had a poetic name since childhood, and after coming to Beijing, she even caused a sensation in the entire Beijing division with a poem "Like a Dream Order".
In 1100 AD, the 17-year-old Li Qingzhao was once again famous in the Beijing literary circles.
In this year, Zhang Qi, one of the four scholars of Sumen and enough to make Li Qingzhao call him "Shi Bo", wrote the famous "Reading Zhongxing Ode Monument" in order to hang the hero who calmed the rebellion of Anshi.
Soon after, Li Qingzhao wrote two poems with a stroke of his pen, which were far better than Zhang Qian's original works, both in terms of intention and opinion.
As a young girl who has just ventured into the world, Li Qingzhao can have such a profound concern and worry about the national social welfare, which cannot but impress the world.
Since ancient times, most of those who stand out from the crowd are arrogant and proud.
Even Li Qingzhao is not exempt from vulgarity.
Her arrogance is sometimes greater than that of men.
Under the rule of patriarchal society, even if Li Qingzhao grew up in a relatively free environment, he could not avoid feeling the great repression of women's rights.
To do so, she had to turn to a solution within herself.
In "Partridge Heaven, Dark and Light Yellow Body Softness", Li Qingzhao once compared himself to osmanthus flower.
In her poems, she endowed the osmanthus people with endowments, spirits and sentiments, and reflected her own inner beauty by highlighting the beauty of the inner meaning of the osmanthus flower.
This "narcissistic complex" is clearly a form of self-preservation in a patriarchal society.
At the same time, it is also a manifestation of her self-love, self-respect and self-improvement as a woman.
Li Qingzhao knows very well that it is difficult for him to enter the literary field of men of very different genders and participate in the creation of poetry.
She always saw the skeptical attitude of the literati very clearly.
Therefore, when he later wrote "The Theory of Words", Li Qingzhao began by borrowing the small story of Li Balang, a male singer of the Tang Dynasty, who "entered the scene in disguise, and did not discover his identity until he finished singing" to write his expectations.
That is, not to discuss the hero by gender, the people under the heavens can make an objective and fair assessment of her talents.
Although, later, it was this "Theory of Words" that made Li Qingzhao completely solidify the image of "very high self-esteem" in the hearts of many literati.
After all, in the text of the "Treatise on Words" with fewer than a thousand words, she criticized 16 "Northern Song Dynasty superstars" without exception, including Liu Yong, Zhang Xian, Song Qi, Song Ku, Shen Tang, Yuan Dai, Chao Ci, Yan Shu, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong, Yan Jidao, He Zhu, Qin Guan, and Huang Tingjian, because of the need to save us and make up for our deviations and correct the style of words.
However, Li Qingzhao's madness is crazy, and he does have great talent, and the literary delusion of "The Theory of Words" is vain, and it does have a deep meaning.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > twists and turns</h1>
In 1101, 18-year-old Li Qingzhao was in his courtyard when he met Zhao Mingcheng, a 21-year-old student who came to his home.
One of them was the eldest daughter of Li Gefei, a member of the ceremonial department, and the third son of Zhao Mingcheng, a servant of the official department, and had a fairly matching family lineage and identity
In the same year, Zhao Mingcheng and Li Qingzhao married.
After marriage, Li Qingzhao wrote the first encounter between the two into a poem "Dotted Lips".
Zhao Mingcheng
Among them, "and shyly walked, leaned on the door and looked back, but sniffed the green plum." "She was surprised, frightened, shy, curious, and in love with the mental activities of her life.
Zhao Mingcheng thought that Li Qingzhao, who was born into a famous family, would be a gentle and shy woman.
However, he did not expect that Li Qingzhao would be equated with "one of the most talented and individualized women in the Song Dynasty and even in Chinese history."
Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng were similar in affection, and their feelings after marriage were also quite harmonious.
However, their ordinary lives were soon disrupted by the fierce dispute between the old and new parties in the Northern Song court.
In 1102, the new party Cai Jing came to power, and Zhao Mingcheng's father Zhao Tingzhi was promoted to Shangshu Right Minister, and began to exclude Yuan You's old subjects.
Li Qingzhao's father, Li Gefei, was unfortunately included in the Yuanyou Party and could not escape the fate of being deposed.
In order to exonerate his father, Li Qingzhao took a picture of Zhao Tingzhi, the duke of shi, and pleaded with him to deal with his father's guilt leniently.
Such behavior was extremely rare even in the Tang Dynasty, where the people were open, not to mention the Song Dynasty, where feudal etiquette was extremely strict.
Cai Jing
But Li Qingzhao did it anyway.
Unfortunately, in the end, she could not impress Zhao Tingzhi.
First, Li Gefei was deposed and had to return to his hometown of Mingshui with his family, and then Li Qingzhao was also implicated and had to leave Fenjing to join his family who had been repatriated earlier.
Li Qingzhao was therefore separated from Zhao Mingcheng, and could only express his feelings in letters and relieve the pain of lovesickness.
It was not until 1106, when Cai Jing deposed the chancellor, the imperial court pardoned the world, and lifted the ban on all party members, that Li Qingzhao was able to return to Beijing and reunite with Zhao Mingcheng.
However, in less than a year, the Zhao family experienced Zhao Ting's illness and death, and Zhao Mingcheng's gift of officials was pursued by several major events.
Li Qingzhao and his wife, who had lost their patrons, became difficult to gain a foothold in Beijing.
After that, they lived in seclusion in Qingzhou and briefly stayed away from the political turmoil.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > comfortable</h1>
After living in seclusion in Qingzhou and returning to the countryside, Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingchen's lives also became leisurely and comfortable.
Literati love to enjoy flowers and drink, and Li Qingzhao is no exception.
Unlike other boudoir women and married young women, Li Qingzhao is more willing to go out of the courtyard to feel the natural beauty.
The image of "flowers" is, in a sense, a witness to her entire life.
Of the more than forty words she handed down, the words that wrote about flowers accounted for more than thirty.
It includes plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, begonias, peonies, osmanthus flowers, peonies and so on.
The opening and withering of the flowers contains the rhythm and waves of her life, and also highlights her ambition to some extent.
In this case, Li Qingzhao's words often also carry a natural fresh and simple style, which makes her different from the rich and colorful style of the "Huajian School" words of the Fifth Dynasty of the Tang Dynasty, and brings innovation and breakthroughs to the Song Ci.
There are more words to write flowers, and naturally there is no shortage of "flower wine".
Getting drunk on flowers has become something That Li Qingzhao must do all year round.
Before her, this was a unique behavior of male literati in a patriarchal society.
In the Song Dynasty, there was no restriction on women drinking alcohol.
The Song Dynasty's "Tokyo Dream Record" once recorded that women in the Song Dynasty went to the streets to play and drink during the Spring Festival.
But as bold and uninhibited as Li Qingzhao, and his penchant for drinking, he is still a minority.
In Li Qingzhao's works, the words "drunk" and "wine" appear frequently.
In the "Jade Words" alone, the word "drunk" appears eleven times, and the word "wine" appears nineteen times.
Wine accompanied Li Qingzhao for most of his life.
For her, as life goes up and down, drinking tastes different.
When she was still in the boudoir, she went out to play with the young girls she had befriended, rowed and swayed, and could drink and enjoy until sunset.
When separated from Zhao Mingcheng's husband, drinking alcohol can also dispel sorrow and relieve lovesickness.
Later, when her home country was broken and lonely, it was all her emotional support except for lyrics.
And her wine eventually helped her make countless intoxicating poems.
In addition to alcoholism, Li Qingzhao is also good at gambling.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a popular chess art called "playing horses".
Playing horses is similar to the tang dynasty popular backgammon, requiring players to start from the starting point, throw dice, and count the number of pieces according to the points of the dice, and the first person to walk all the pieces to the end can win, which is a kind of scramble.
Li Qingzhao liked this game drama very much, and liked it to the point of sleeping and forgetting to eat.
She is intelligent by nature, highly perceptive, able to study, willing to work hard, and most of the time she plays this kind of game to be the winning party.
But Li Qingzhao is not simply satisfied with its scrambling nature, and always has to bring a little color head every time he plays, so that the game has the color of gambling.
Only in this way can she be aroused to the greatest extent.
As a "gamer", Li Qingzhao even wrote a special guide for playing horses in his later years, called "Order of Playing Horses".
It can be said that the Song Dynasty's horse can be left in the name of future generations, to a large extent, thanks to Li Qingzhao, to her "Order of The Horse Diagram".
In addition to his favorite horse fighting, Li Qingzhao has also tried many other gambling methods.
Among them, he and her husband Zhao Mingcheng flipped through books and gambled on tea.
Every time they cook tea together after a meal, they will always use the competition to decide the order of tea.
The content of the competition is that a person asks which book and which book the first few lines of the page are from, and the other party can drink first in the answer.
Li Qingzhao's knowledge of poetry and book history is better than her husband Zhao Mingcheng, so every time she flips the book and gambles on tea, most of them are won by her, and she drinks tea first.
Other basic gambling methods such as fighting cockroaches, Li Qingzhao even has involved in hunting.
Therefore, the later Ming Dynasty's "History of Ancient and Modern Women" also called Li Qingzhao "the ancestor of the Bo family".
When he lived in seclusion in Qingzhou, in addition to enjoying flowers and drinking, composing poems and lyrics, and indulging in gambling, Li Qingzhao also helped Zhao Mingcheng, who was obsessed with the study of gold and stone, to study a large number of ancient books and stone carvings, and compiled the "Record of Golden Stones".
This work later became the earliest and most authoritative golden stone catalog and research monograph in China.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > turmoil in later years</h1>
Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng's leisurely and self-satisfied lives ended in 1127 AD.
In this year, the Jin Dynasty went south to attack the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Tokyo, and abducted Hui and the Second Emperor of Qin, resulting in the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, known in history as the "Change of Jingkang".
The situation in the north was precarious, and Zhao Mingcheng went south first because of the death of his mother, leaving the 44-year-old Li Qingzhao alone to deal with the collection at his home in Qingzhou.
Li Qingzhao recalled this experience in the "Afterword to the Golden Stone Record".
She wrote, "Carrying fifteen carts of books to the East China Sea, lianjia crossed the Huaihuai River and crossed the river to Jiankang." ”
In just two short crosses, it contains all unimaginable difficulties and obstacles.
The shadow of national destruction hung over the hearts of every Northern Song subject.
However, Li Qingzhao suffered another heavy blow in March 1129.
Zhao Mingcheng, the husband of the prefect of Jiankang at the time, fled without a fight in the face of a small mutiny, completely disregarding the safety of the people in the city and his wife.
Li Qingzhao was very disappointed.
This is also the main reason why she later continued to move south with Zhao Mingcheng, who had been deposed from his official position, passing through Wujiang and writing "Summer Sentences".
"Born as a master, dead as a ghost." Still thinking about Xiang Yu, he refused to cross Jiangdong. ”
Word by word, there is no dissatisfaction with the deep sorrow of fleeing without a fight for her husband.
Zhao Mingcheng was also ashamed of this.
However, misfortune soon befell them again.
In July of the same year, Zhao Mingcheng accidentally fell ill and became terminally ill, and died of illness in Jiankang on August 18.
Since then, Li Qingzhao, who has no parents and no children, has completely lost his dependence.
At that time, when the Jin Dynasty's Jurchen Army invaded the Southern Song Dynasty, there was chaos everywhere, Li Qingzhao lost her husband, and she carried a lot of books, paintings and calligraphy, and was always in danger of being robbed.
She was homeless and physically and mentally exhausted.
Three years later, in order to preserve the only remaining works and collections around her, at the instigation of her brother, she agreed to marry Zhang Ruzhou, a military attaché who had always shown her affection.
How do you know that the other party has always been thinking of getting her property and gold stone collection.
Even when Li Qingzhao refused to give in, he punched and kicked her.
Li Qingzhao was humiliated and decided to reconcile less than three months after marriage.
Zhang Ruzhou
In the Song Dynasty, it was difficult for wives to propose peace and leave to their husbands, and Li Qingzhao had to fight for his freedom by suing Zhang Ruzhou for "cheating in scientific expeditions and cheating on official positions" method.
In this way, she had to accept the Song Dynasty law's stipulation that "a woman who sues her husband, whether right or wrong, must be imprisoned for two years".
In the end, under the conclusive evidence, Zhang Ruzhou was deposed by the imperial court and exiled to Liuzhou, while Li Qingzhao was imprisoned and rescued nine days later.
Li Qingzhao's remarriage and retirement caused a huge controversy in later generations.
Those who denied her considered her "deviant" and ruined in her later years, and according to the love poems she once wrote to Zhao Mingcheng, she was given the name of "lustful".
Those who affirmed her talent ignored the letter of request she wrote in prison called "Tou Hanlin Bachelor Qi Li Qi" and repeatedly denied her remarriage in her later years, hoping to reshape her historical image.
Many famous scholars, such as Lu Jianzeng, Yu Zhengxie, Lu Xinyuan, Li Ciming, Xie Zhangquan, and Fu Zhaolun, belong to the latter.
They appeared one after another to "discern" Li Qingzhao, so that during the Daoguang and Xianfeng years of the Qing Dynasty, it was difficult to form a consensus on Li Qingzhao's remarriage in his later years.
However, both the former and the latter have always been stuck in feudal etiquette, viewing Li Qingzhao only as Zhao Mingcheng's wife, while ignoring the situation and pressure that Li Qingzhao faced in that turbulent era.
Li Qingzhao was generous and wanton in his early years, and although he experienced the adversity of the destruction of the country and the death of his family in his later years, he never succumbed to reality.
Whether it is remarriage or Hugh, when she makes every decision, she dares to face the worst outcome and dare to correct the next action.
The subsequent series of tribulations did not make her depressed, on the contrary, she soon came out of personal pain and turned more attention to the progress of national events.
During this period, her creative enthusiasm also increased.
This is what Li Qingzhao, who has both talent and personality, should look like.
After Zhao Mingcheng's death, he was framed for secretly communicating with the Jin people and offering the treasure to the Jin Kingdom.
In order to protect his reputation, Li Qingzhao also followed the Southern Song Emperor to offer treasures, but in the end he failed to catch up with his whereabouts during the war years, but lost most of the treasures on the way to transfer.
In 1143 AD, the 60-year-old Li Qingzhao officially dedicated the twenty-three volumes of zhao Mingcheng's "Golden Stone Record" compiled by him to the imperial court, which completed this conjugal affection and the heart of the subjects.
Since then, her whereabouts have become blurred, and her deeds have almost disappeared from the history books.
It was not until 1155 AD, when the 73-year-old Li Qingzhao was about to reach the end of her life, that she finally left her last record in history.
"Zhonglang has a female can pass on the industry".
Li Qingzhao originally wanted to pass on his life's writings to the daughter of a friend with the surname of Sun who came to visit her, but then he refused Li Qingzhao on the grounds that "a woman's talentlessness is virtue".
Since then, this uneven, generous, dare to love and hate, extremely charming woman, this woman who has earned a place in the world of men with outstanding talent and unique personality, has ended her life.