Article author: forever changzhensky (acfun, bilibili, Baidu, toutiao, Weibo and Zhihu nickname: Ning Liu span)
The "Friendship" steam locomotive No. 18-01 was a technically validated trunk passenger steam locomotive delivered to the Ministry of Railways of the USSR in 1949 under the name of the 70th anniversary of the birth of the Soviet state leader iosif vissarionovich stalin, on the basis of the 476.0 steam locomotive of the Czechoslovak State Railways at the Pilsen plant of the Czechoslovak State Railways.
Locomotive 18-01 is also known as the "Friendship" steam locomotive because of the inscription "ДРУГ" ("Friendship") on both sides of the smokeboard.
Drawing of locomotive "Friendship" 18-01
From December 1949 to January 1950, the Škoda Pilsen plant produced four 4-8-2 "Mountain" wheeled steam locomotives code-named 67l0, as well as four corresponding 932.3-type coal-water locomotives. Locomotives cost 7122885 Czechoslovak krones, and coal water trucks cost 609225 Czechoslovak krones. Of the four "Mountains", 3 locomotives were delivered to the Czechoslovak State Railways and were finalized as Type 476.0.
The design of the Type 476.0 locomotive is based on the French steam locomotive engineer andré Chapelon, using an existing steam locomotive, the French National Railways Locomotive 3-242 a 1. The cylinders of the Type 476.0 locomotive consist of 1 high-pressure cylinder (inside the frame) and 2 low-pressure cylinders (outside the frame). They are fitted with a two-stage cylinder pressure balancing valve.
All three cylinders act on the second axle, so the second axle adopts a crankshaft design; at the same time, the connecting rods of the two low-pressure cylinders are at a 90° angle to each other (such as a traditional two-cylinder steam locomotive), and the crank of the middle high-pressure cylinder is displaced by 135° relative to the crank on the outside. Of course, the first actuator axle also features a crankshaft design – to prevent it from touching the connecting rod of the intermediate high-pressure cylinder.
476.0 locomotive dimensional drawing
The locomotive frame features a rod frame with a sidewall thickness of 80 mm. The boiler firebox is made of steel and is equipped with heat pipes and two heating tubes. To increase the efficiency of the locomotive, the boiler pressure is 20 kgf/cm².
The locomotive is painted in reddish brown, with the Škoda logo above the smoke box door and the emblem of the Czechoslovak State Railway, designed by the academic painter Vilém Kreibich, on both sides of the flap.
The three Model 476.0 locomotives were originally used to tow the Express train in the Prjerov-Prague-Košice section and exhibited the same performance as the Model 498.0 locomotive. After a period of time, the faults and shortcomings caused by improper operation began to appear. These locomotives require specific operating techniques and place high demands on the driver. Improper cylinder injection can lead to excess power, which leads to idle wheelsets, so that the connecting rod pins and drive rods are damaged. This resulted in them often parked in the locomotive section, and orders for the remaining 12 Model 476.0 locomotives were cancelled.
In 1962, the Ptrerov locomotive section converted the Type 476.0 locomotive into a twin-cylinder locomotive, reducing the boiler pressure to 17.34 kgf/cm², making the locomotive simpler and more reliable.
Locomotive 476.001
For various reasons, this "friendship" was officially delivered to the Ministry of Railways of the USSR in 1951, with the Moscow-Passenger-Kursk locomotive section of the Moscow-Kursk Railway, which was the first composite three-cylinder steam locomotive to be used in the Soviet Union, but it was also rarely put into operation.
"Friendship" locomotive 18-01 real car map
In 1967, locomotives 18-01 were declassified by the Moscow-Passenger-Kursk locomotive section of the Moscow Railways. On 27 February of the following year, locomotive 476.002 was scrapped after an accident in the village of Dakonis in Ukhelburg, Zlin Oblast, Czechoslovakia.
In 1971, locomotive No. 476.003 was abolished; in the same year, locomotive No. 476.001 was converted into a heating boiler.
Locomotive "Friendship" Locomotive 18-01 inspected by Soviet leaders
Technical data sheets for type ta, tb type, 2-3-2k type, type 2-3-2v and 18-01 steam locomotive
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《Пассажирские паровозы типов 2-3-0, 2-3-1, 2-4-0, 2-4-1,v.a.rakov,《Локомотивы отечественных железных дорог 1845-1955, pp. 346-348
http://scaletrainsclub.com/board/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=10596
http://parniloko.wz.cz/web/loko/rady/400/4760/4760.html
https://pikabu.ru/story/parovozdrug_6959823
Finished: November 5, 2021
Grade a0 Published: November 9, 2021