The 52nd Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was reorganized from the 1st Corps of the Kuomintang Army, which revolted in Changsha during the Liberation War.
Since Li Zongren was elected vice president and Bai Chongxi became the commander-in-chief of the "suppression of the general" in central China, he led more than 400,000 people to gather in the Wuhan area in an attempt to control the southwest region. The rise of the Gui forces made Chiang Kai-shek deeply suspicious. Therefore, the changsha office was selected to find Cheng Qian, who could not only unite with the Gui clan to oppose communism, but also have a leading role in the Gui clan.
Historically, Jiang and Gui had met each other in the past, and this time Li Zongren became vice president, and Bai Chongxi led more than 400,000 people to sit in the important town of Wuhan in 9 provinces, and tried to control the southwest region. The rise of the Gui forces was suspected by Chiang Kai-shek. Hunan is the throat road to Guangxi, and it is necessary to find the right person to grasp, so Chiang Kai-shek remembered that Cheng Qian was a Kuomintang elder, highly respected in Hunan, known as the "parent" of Hunan, and had a feud with the new Gui clan. It can not only win over Cheng Qian, but also contain the Gui system. So Jiang appointed Cheng Qian as the director of the Changsha Appeasement Office, with jurisdiction over the provinces of Hunan and Gansu and the chairman of Hunan Province.
In January 1949, Chiang Kai-shek stepped down and Li Zongren acted president. Bai Chongxi believed that the time had come for the development of the Gui clan and actively deployed defense south of the Yangtze River. Therefore, at the recommendation of Liu Fei, the deputy commander of the military order, Chen Mingren was "trusted" by Bai Chongxi, who recommended Chen Mingren as the commander of the 1st Corps and the commander of the Wuhan garrison, hoping that he could defend Wuhan with the "spirit" of defending Siping. Soon, Cheng Qian called Bai Chongxi and asked Chen Mingren to return to Xiangxiang to consolidate the rear defense, and with Bai Chongxi's consent, Chen Mingren led the 29th Army and the newly formed 71st Army to Hunan. This created the conditions for Cheng Qian and Chen Mingren to jointly launch an uprising.
The development of the situation in 1949 advanced the pace of the Hunan uprising.
On January 1, Chiang Kai-shek issued a statement declaring that he was willing to discuss with the Chinese Communists "concrete ways to stop the war and restore peace."
On January 7, the Hunan Provincial Senate electrified in favor of peace.
On January 14, Chairman Mao of the CPC Central Committee issued a "Statement on the Current Situation," proposing eight conditions for ending the war and striving for genuine peace.
On January 21, Chiang Kai-shek announced his "retirement" with the slogan that "for some reason he could not see things as he was concerned."
Subsequently, Cheng Qian took a series of substantive steps to draw closer to the people: on January 23, Cheng Qian decided to stop conscription for a month and reduce the collection of grain in response to the call of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The Nanjing government was very annoyed, and repeated several telegrams to make it re-enlist, but he ignored it. Subsequently, a number of political prisoners who had been detained for a long time were released, and the gold and silver of the Kuomintang Central Bank in Changsha were also sealed.
On April 20, Li Zongren refused to sign the "peace agreement", and the "peace talks" between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of Peiping failed. On April 21, Chairman Mao and Zhu De issued an order to march across the country.
On the day the order was issued, thousands of sails of the Yangtze River were racing, the male divisions were scrambling to cross, and the millions of troops of the People's Liberation Army broke through the Yangtze River defense line in one fell swoop. On the 23rd, Nanjing, the center of Kuomintang rule, was liberated, announcing the overthrow of the Kuomintang's 22-year reactionary rule. Later, the People's Liberation Army marched south with a wave of destruction and decay, pointing directly at Xianggan.
On April 22, the Hunan Provincial Senate and the "Hunan People's Peace Promotion Association" jointly convened an enlarged meeting of 11 units such as Hunan Trade Unions, Farmers' Associations, Women's Associations, and Chambers of Commerce, and decided to establish the "Hunan Federation for Peace from All Walks of Life". On May 2, the Hunan Provincial Senate held an enlarged Hunan Self-Rescue Forum, and the "Hunan People's Self-Help Committee" with Tang Shengzhi as the director was announced.
Forced by the trend of the times and the desire of the people, General Cheng Qian actively sought a way out, moved closer to the Communist Party, sent people to Hong Kong to contact personnel on the Chinese communist side, and forwarded a memorandum to Chairman Mao, saying that "as soon as the time is ripe, Qian qian immediately revealed his ideas, formally issued a circular to the whole country, calling on the military and the people inside and outside the province to unanimously support peace based on the eight articles and twenty-four articles, and to crack down on the remaining reactionary forces of Chiang Kai-shek."
At the same time, General Chen Mingren, commander of the Kuomintang 1st Corps, also supported General Cheng Qian's peace propositions and assured the people of Hunan that for the benefit of the people of Hunan, they would never fight for a small number of giants and cause Changsha and Hunan Province to suffer the scourge of war.
In May 1949, Zhou Enlai, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, sent Li Minghao to Hunan to plan peace work. Li Minghao and Cheng Qian lived together for many years, and in 1923, when Cheng Minghao was appointed military and political minister of Sun Yat-sen's base camp and principal of the Army Lecture School in Guangzhou, Li Minghao was appointed as the chief of education of the WuShu School. Chen Mingren's first study at the Wushu School was admitted by Li Minghao by exception. In 1927, when Cheng Qian was the commander of the 6th Army of the Kuomintang Army, Li Minghao was the commander of the division, so the three were closely related, especially Chen Mingren, who said that he had "the grace of knowing".
When Li Minghao arrived in Wuhan and consulted with the Central China Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the responsible persons of the Fourth Field Army, he began to dredge up the peaceful uprising of Cheng Qian and Chen Mingren, and brought a secret letter from Chairman Mao to Cheng Qian. The letter said: "Sir's determination to adopt the policy of opposing Chiang Kai-shek and guigui and peacefully liberating Hunan is extremely admirable. The opinions put forward by the joint organization of the military group and the preservation of your ministry for reorganization and education are all feasible", "as long as Mr. Li is determined to stand on the side of the people and oppose the United States, anti-Chiang Kai-shek, and anti-Gui, mr. Li is expedient, we can understand it, and there is no need to have any doubts and concerns", and so on. After dredging, the Fourth Field Army of the People's Liberation Army immediately sent peace negotiators Jin Ming, Tang Tianji, Yuan Renyuan, Xie Peiran, and Li Minghao to Pingjiang in mid-July to negotiate with Chen Mingren's representatives Cheng Xingling and Li Junjiu.
At the same time, the 12th Corps and the 13th Corps of the Fourth Field Army encircled the Cheng, Chen Corps, and Hunan Local Army guarding the Changsha area in an arc. The 136th and 147th Divisions of our advance troops attacked south of Baoqing and Hengyang, sealing the southern retreat path of Chen Mingren's corps. In this way, under the plaster's military advances and vigorous political struggles, coupled with the contradictions between Cheng and Chen and Jiang and Gui, they finally accepted the CCP's conditions for peaceful reorganization, "Cheng and Chen began to withdraw from Changsha on July 27 and assemble nearby, leaving only the 232nd Division and changsha to temporarily maintain public order in Changsha."
On the afternoon of August 4, 1949, history finally turned a new page, and the "uprising and telegram" signed by Generals Cheng Qian and Chen Mingren and more than 30 key Kuomintang members were announced to the public, officially announcing that they would break away from the "Guangzhou Government", stand on the people's standpoint, and join the people's democratic regime led by the CPC. The uprising was electrified as follows:
"Chairman Mao of Beiping, Commander-in-Chief Zhu, President Li Dai of Guangzhou, President Yan, Director Zhang of Chongqing, Chief Of Hengyang Bai, Chairman Ma of Lanzhou, Chairman Ma of Guangzhou, Chairman Xue of Guangzhou, Chairman of Kunming Lu, Chairman of Chengdu Wang, Chairman of Xikang Liu, Chairman of Guiyang Valley, Chairman Zhu of Fuzhou, Chairman of Qinghai Ma, Chairman of Xinjiang Bao, Chairman of Changsha Chen, Senator of Guangdong Province, Senator of Sichuan Province, Senator of Yunnan Province, Senator of Guizhou Province, Senator of Fujian Province, Senator of Jiangxi Province, Senator of Gansu Province, Senator of Xikang Province, Chairman of The Senate of Ningxia Province, Qinghai Provincial Senate, Xinjiang Provincial Senate, Hunan Provincial Senate:
"After the success of the Northern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek monopolized power and betrayed Dr. Sun Yat-sen's legacy, so that doctrine could not be done, and external troubles followed. After eight years of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the people's strength has been exhausted, and the people have been able to rest and build a peaceful country in the future. He plotted against Chiang Kai-shek and the militants, sabotaged the Political Consultative Conference, and restarted the civil war. On the outside, they collude with US imperialism and do not hesitate to lose power and humiliate the country; internally, they wantonly practice dictatorship and intensify their efforts. The accumulation of the rich and the rampant corruption have resulted in economic collapse and the separation of the military and the people. Jiang was forced to abdicate, Li Zongren took charge of the throne, peace talks resumed, and the whole country was in a state of mourning. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Xiang Province sent three million troops, lost more than 50 million stones of grain, and the enemy's horses trampled on more than fifty counties in Yuanxiang Province. Knowing what is said and truth, so prepare for war, conspire and deceive, and be shameless. Therefore, the Nanjing government collapsed without heeling, went into exile in Guangzhou, was prematurely exhausted, only the remains remained, Bai Chongxi's theory of the main battle was absurd, abandoning Wuhan, harassing Xianggan, vowing to empty the room and clear the wilderness, and seizing public and private assets; if it pretended to be anti-communist, it could clamp the mouth of the people inside, invite the joy of the powerful country from the outside, and hope that the third world war would break out, and it would be especially cold to survive. Submerged and others obeyed the will of the people, called for peace, and exhausted their voices, and would be obsessed with Li and Bai, obsessed with no regrets, still wanted to take our southwest and northwestern provinces as the last desperate bet. Unable to bear it, he led the entire Hunan army and people to formally break away from the Guangzhou government in accordance with the eight articles and twenty-four articles of the CCP's prompts, in order to achieve peace on the basis of peace and implement the peace proposition. In the future, in accordance with the people's stand, we should join the people's democratic regime under the leadership of the CPC and accompany the people's army, so that we can thoroughly implement the revolutionary Three People's Principles in the spirit of rebirth, overthrow the feudal dictatorship, bureaucratic capital, and US imperialism, and work together to build a new-democratic China. It is hoped that the comrades and compatriots in our southwestern and northwestern provinces will have an insight into the evils of Chiang Kai-shek, Li, and Bai in insisting on the civil war that plagued the country and the people, took the will of the people as their will and the interests of the people as their interests, responded in unison, rose up to save themselves, and eradicated the remnants of the feudal regime that had acted perversely. All the soldiers and civilians of Hunan Province, swearing to be the backing, hereby spread the news and Zhu Weicha. ”
At the same time, Cheng Qian and Chen Mingren respectively issued letters to the people of Hunan and letters to officials and governors of the province, announcing that they would secede from the Guangzhou government from now on, absolutely support peace, and participate in the great cause of liberation. On August 13, Chen Mingren personally called Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, saying that he would "submit to New Democracy, accept the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and do everything in his power to repay the results."
On August 16, Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De sent a telegram to General Cheng Qian, General Chen Mingren, and all the rebel soldiers to welcome and congratulate General Cheng and Chen on their righteous deeds. Message Cloud:
"I read the telegram on August 5th, and the righteousness is strict and extremely comforting. The victory of the cause of Chinese people's liberation has become a universally recognized foregone conclusion. Us imperialism and its lackeys Chiang Kai-shek, Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi, Yan Xishan, and other remnants of the bandit party are not willing to accept defeat, and Shangtu will struggle in the end and will be quickly swept away. Zhu Gong led the Three Xiang Jian Er to break away from the reactionary camp and join the people's revolution, with a clear voice of righteousness and welcomed by the whole country. Shangwang united his subordinates, cooperated closely with the People's Liberation Army, and prepared to reorganize it into the People's Liberation Army, educate the troops in a revolutionary spirit, change their work style, strive for progress, and strive to eliminate the remnants of bandits and liberate the people of the whole country. ”
The afternoon of August 5 was an unforgettable day for the people of Changsha, and changsha was peacefully liberated. The 100,000 people in Changsha warmly welcomed the People's Liberation Army into the city, and the red flag of the whole city was displayed, and the cheers, gongs and drums, and firecrackers were intertwined. Large portraits of Chairman Mao can be seen everywhere, and red and green slogans are plastered all over the streets. It wasn't until 3 a.m. that people slowly dispersed. When the sound of gongs and drums and firecrackers sounded until dawn, when people looked at the morning sun in the east, they excitedly said: "The sky is really bright!" ”