In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing and established the Ming Dynasty. In order to commemorate the generals who died in battle, Zhu Yuanzhang decided to build a temple of meritorious service on Jilong Mountain.
However, due to the varying sizes of the merits of the generals, Zhu Yuanzhang sorted out all the generals (including the dead and the living), using Zhu Yuanzhang's words: "The dead are like gods, and the living are empty."
This means that those generals who have died in battle will erect a stone statue for them and sacrifice them every year, and those who are still alive will leave a vacant seat for him, and then enter the temple after a hundred years.
However, during Zhu Yuanzhang's reign of thirty-one years, many famous generals were removed for crimes, and in Hongwu's later years, there were only 21 founding generals left in the Temple of Meritorious Heroes, and the top 7 were: Xu Da, Chang Yuchun, Li Wenzhong, Deng Yu, Tang He, Mu Ying, and Hu Dahai.
Note that the first six of these 7 great heroes lived to the founding of the Ming Dynasty, and they were all crowned kings after their deaths, such as Xu Da, who was posthumously honored as the King of Zhongshan. Only Hu Dahai is the most special, he not only died before the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, but also only a duke (Duke of Yueguo). However, Zhu Yuanzhang's placing Hu Dahai behind the "Six Kings" is enough to prove Hu Dahai's contribution.
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Hu Dahai was a legendary figure, and he had a very famous saying that was frequently quoted by later military experts:
"Wu Wu people don't know books, but only three things: don't kill people, don't plunder women, and don't burn down the huts."
This passage is from the Ming Shi Vol. 133, which means: "I have not read a book in Hu Dahai, but I am a warrior, but I know three things: not to kill people indiscriminately, not to rob women, and not to burn houses." ”
From these sentences, we can see Hu Dahai's origin, personality, and military thoughts.
In this article, the author will share with you the legendary Hu Dahai at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, hoping to tell you a period of magnificent history through the specific presentation of historical materials.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="16" >, Hongxian Tiehangui, Taizu a language</h1>
The Biography of Ming Shi Hu Dahai records:
Hu Dahai, Zi Tongfu, Hongren. Long body, iron face.
Hu Dahai, Zi Tongfu, a native of Hongxian County, Sizhou. He was a peasant by birth, tall and tall, with a dark face, and was an unforgettable iron-blooded man.
In the fourteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1354), after Zhu Yuanzhang occupied Chuzhou, he became a major anti-Yuan force between Jianghuai and Huai. In Chuzhou, Zhu Yuanzhang successively welcomed Feng Guoyong, Feng Sheng, Li Shanchang and others. Looking back at history, we find that the powerful generals around Zhu Yuanzhang, except for Xu Da, Tang He and other compatriots, basically came before and after the occupation of Chuzhou, including the later Deng Yu, Chang Yuchun, Liao Yongzhong and others. However, Hu Dahai's defection to Zhu Yuanzhang was earlier than Deng Yu and Chang Yuchun. The "Ming Chronicle" records:
Hongxian Hu Dahai returned. The sea has a long iron face, excellent intelligence, Taizu once he sees the language, used as a forward.
When Hu Dahai came to defect to Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yuanzhang and him "met at first sight" and had a sense of seeing each other and hating the evening.
In the records of the "History of Ming", there are only two people who "meet with Zhu Yuanzhang at first sight", one is Hu Dahai, and the other is Xu Da, Zhu Yuanzhang's most trusted general. The Biography of Xu Da of Ming Shi once said: "(Xu) Da was twenty-two years old, and when he went from it, he saw the language at first sight." ”
And it turns out that after Hu Dahai joined Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yuanzhang almost listed him with Xu Da. After crossing the river, Hu Dahai was awarded the title of "Marshal of the Right Wing Unified Army", and the "Marshal of the Left Wing Unified Army" at that time was Xu Da.
The author compares Hu Dahai and Xu Da, but just wants to explain to everyone that since Hu Dahai defected, Zhu Yuanzhang has taken a lot of fancy to him. If he had not died early, the Ming Dynasty's "Founding Six Dukes" would have had a place for him.
So, what is Hu Dahai's combat strength? To give a few examples:
First, Zhu Yuanzhang was stationed in Chuzhou, with insufficient grain and grass, and planned to attack Hezhou (Hexian) to the south, Hu Dahai just joined, wanted to prove himself, and "willing to be a forward" . Hu Dahai selected 3,000 warriors, disguised themselves as Yuan Dynasty generals, and let Zhu Yuanzhang lead an army of 10,000 to follow far behind. Hu Dahai pretended to come from Luzhou (Hefei) to reward the soldiers, deceived the defenders into opening the city gate, immediately took the city gate, set fire to it, and Zhu Yuanzhang took the city of Hezhou in one fell swoop.
Second, after taking Hezhou, Liao Yong'an and others came with the Chaohu water army to defect, and Zhu Yuanzhang, like a tiger, decided to cross the river. The Battle of the Crossing River must have led to Liao Yong'an and other water army generals, but Hu Dahai and Chang Yuchun followed closely behind, and their momentum was not at all lost to those water army generals. After crossing the river, Zhu Yuanzhang promoted him to the position of marshal of the right wing unified army, and asked Hu Dahai to "stay under the guard tent", which means to let Hu Dahai protect Zhu Yuanzhang's safety.
From these two examples, it can be seen that Hu Dahai is a good fighter and is deeply trusted by Zhu Yuanzhang. At the beginning of Zhu Yuanzhang's business, he relied heavily on Hu Dahai.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="106" > second, the horse is defeated, and there are hills in the chest</h1>
After Zhu Yuanzhang crossed the river, he immediately concentrated all his forces to capture Jiqing (Nanjing), and then divided his troops into three routes, the first route was Xu Da, Tang He and others to attack Zhenjiang, Jurong, and Lishui, and strive to develop eastward; the second route was Led by Chang Yuchun and Feng Guoyong to attack Anqing and Chizhou and expand eastward. The Third Route sent Deng Yu and Hu Dahai to attack southern Anhui and strive to expand their territory to the south. Deng Yu and Hu Dahai were both brave generals, and the two worked closely together, and shi zai "pulled up Huizhou and slightly fixed its territory". The Biography of Ming Shi Hu Dahai records:
The Yuan general Yang Quan attacked with 100,000 people, and the sea battle city was destroyed.
When the Yuan army heard of the fall of Huizhou, it sent the general Yang Guanzhi to lead an army of 100,000 to retake Huizhou. Hu Dahai asked Deng Yu to stay in the city, and he personally led his troops to meet the enemy, only to beat Yang Guanzhi to the ground at the city gate and flee.
In addition, it should be added that Yang Guanzhi was a famous "Miao general" at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he was unusually brave, and Zhang Shicheng suffered a lot of losses in front of him. However, Yang Guanren was still somewhat dwarfed in front of Hu Dahai.
After capturing Huizhou, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Hu Dahai and Deng Yu to attack Zhejiang, and in the Battle of Jiande, Hu Dahai once again defeated Yang Guanzu and captured 30,000 soldiers and horses of Yang Guanzu.
Hu Dahai and Deng Yu attacked all the way from southern Anhui to Zhejiang, connecting Chun'an, Jiande, Wuzhou, Zhuji, and then attacking Shaoxing, instantly opening up the situation for Zhu Yuanzhang in the south. In this process, whether facing the Yuan Dynasty army or Zhang Shicheng's rebel army, Hu Dahai did not suffer losses. Moreover, in the course of the battle, only one word can be used to evaluate Hu Dahai, that is: courage!
For example, in the Battle of Zhuji, Hu Dahai fought for three consecutive days and nights without rest, capturing four thousand yuan dynasty people with three thousand people. Later, Zhang Shicheng also took a fancy to Zhuji, and he sent the general Lü Zhen to attack Zhuji with 50,000 soldiers and horses.
Lü Zhen was one of the "three fierce generals" under Zhang Shicheng (the other two were Zhang Shide and Li Bosheng), and he was brave and strategic. Lü Zhen had planned to emulate the "Flooded Seventh Army" and divert weir water to irrigate the city, but unexpectedly, the plan was recognized in advance by Hu Dahai, who went out of the city overnight, took the weir mouth, and released water from the opposite direction to flood Lü Zhen's camp. Shi Zai "the sea seized the weir, and the anti-irrigation of the Zhen camp", Lü Zhen was overwhelmed, and quickly sent people to communicate with Hu Dahai, folded arrows and swore that he would never be an enemy again, and Hu Dahai generously agreed and let Lü Zhen go on a horse.
I have seen some people comment on Hu Dahai, saying that he is "Li Kui at the end of the Yuan Dynasty", and the author believes that if Hu Dahai is "Li Kui", it would be a big fallacy. Although Hu Dahai was illiterate and his face was as black as iron, he was definitely not a reckless man. Here are two examples:
The first example is that Hu Dahai defeated Lü Zhen, and after Lü Zhen asked for peace, Wang Kai of Langzhong under Hu Dahai said to Hu Dahai: "Lü Zhen is too cunning, and his peace request is not credible, we should take the opportunity to eliminate him!" Hu Dahai said a very bold sentence:
"Say what you say and don't believe it; if you attack it vertically, you don't use force."
Hu Dahai means that since I promised him a peace, if I break my promise, I will be "unbelieving." If you take the initiative to attack him, you are "not armed." Therefore, Hu Dahai ordered that the generals should not be allowed to attack privately. After this move, the generals admired Hu Dahai even more.
The second example is that Hu Dahai recommended Liu Bowen and four other people to Zhu Yuanzhang. Although Hu Dahai was illiterate, he knew the importance of talent. After he captured eastern Zhejiang, he immediately recommended four famous scholars from eastern Zhejiang to Zhu Yuanzhang: Liu Ji (Liu Bowen), Song Lian, Ye Chen, and Zhang Yi.
Ming Shi Yun:
Good soldiers, so visit to the luxury. Liu Ji, Song Lian, Ye Chen, and Zhang Yizhi saw that they were hired, and The Sea actually recommended them.
In addition to the above 4 people, Hu Dahai also recommended another key person to Zhu Yuanzhang, this person is Zhu Sheng. When Hu Dahai attacked Wuzhou, Zhu Sheng came to see him, and Hu Dahai learned that Zhu Sheng had great talent, so he recommended Zhu Sheng to Zhu Yuanzhang. Later, Zhu Sheng proposed to Zhu Yuanzhang the nine-character policy of "building a high wall, accumulating grain in a wide area, and slowly claiming the title of king" to help Zhu Yuanzhang successfully establish a foothold in Jinling.
That is to say, Liu Bowen and Zhu Sheng, two courtiers who played a key role in Zhu Yuanzhang's conquest of the world, were recommended by Hu Dahai. Therefore, the role of Hu Dahai on Zhu Yuanzhang is unimaginable.
To sum up, although Hu Dahai grew five big and three thick, and fought fiercely enough, he had his own hills and ravines in his chest.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="114" > third, the son died the father is not strange, the emperor will sigh</h1>
In 1357, Hu Dahai set out from Zhuji and attacked Chuzhou with lightning speed, and after the defender of Chuzhou, Shi Moyisun and Hu Dahai fought, they collapsed at a touch, and subsequently, the seven yi of Chuzhou were all owned by Zhu Yuanzhang.
At this point, Deng Yu turned to Jiangxi, and Hu Dahai single-handedly helped Zhu Yuanzhang to defend the six capitals of Huizhou, Quzhou, Jiande, Zhuji (Zhuquan), Wuzhou, and Chuzhou, and later occupied Xinzhou (Shangrao, Jiangxi), a land that not only provided Zhu Yuanzhang with a large amount of taxes, but also laid a solid foundation for him to encircle Zhang Shicheng and attack Fang Guozhen.
In terms of territorial area, the territory that Hu Dahai helped Zhu Yuanzhang open up during this period was not inferior to Xu Da.
However, a very important thing happened next, Zhu Yuanzhang killed Hu Dahai's son.
This incident occurred in 1358, when Zhu Yuanzhang was cleaning up military discipline. At that time, Li Shanchang analyzed the reasons for the failure of the major rebel armies since the end of the Yuan Dynasty, that is, the military discipline was scattered and unpopular. Therefore, Li Shanchang suggested that Zhu Yuanzhang "legislate.". Zhu Yuanzhang was deeply impressed, so he carried out a large-scale rectification, not only stipulating that burning and looting were not allowed, but also not allowing drinking and fighting in the army.
At the beginning, Taizu Kewu Prefecture banned winemaking. The sea is the first to commit a crime. Taizu was angry and wanted to do the Fa. When the sea side marched, Wang Kai did not rebuke him, in order to reassure the heart of the sea.
At that time, Hu Dahai was conquest of Shaoxing, leaving his eldest son Hu Sanshe to stay in Wuzhou, and Hu Sanshe openly brewed wine and sold it to the soldiers. When Zhu Yuanzhang found out, he was furious and sent someone to arrest Hu Sanshe and bring him to Nanjing to kill Hu Sanshe in accordance with military law. Everyone urged Zhu Yuanzhang not to do so, because once Hu Sanshe was killed, it would inevitably anger Hu Dahai, and Hu Dahai might rebel.
But Zhu Yuanzhang did not think so, he was determined to rectify military discipline, if He pardoned Hu Sanshe, how could he serve the public next? Ming Shi Yun:
Taizu Yue: "It is better to make the sea rebel against me than to make my law impossible." "It was a hand blade."
In the face of everyone's persuasion, Zhu Yuanzhang said: "I would rather Hu Dahai betray me than let the military orders be carried out!" Therefore, he personally killed Hu Sanshe and ordered someone to bury Hu Sanshe houhou.
We stand in the long river of history and look back, Zhu Yuanzhang killed Hu Sanshe, the shock to the soldiers is very great, Zhu Yuanzhang rectified military discipline, that is, from this time began to receive miraculous results.
That is to say, Hu Sanshe crashed into the muzzle of Zhu Yuanzhang's gun, and Zhu Yuanzhang just took him to stand up.
Facts have proved that Hu Dahai is a grandfather, and after he learned that his son was killed by Zhu Yuanzhang, he did not betray Zhu Yuanzhang, but instead became stricter about military discipline.
Hu Dahai, who was known for his strict military discipline, once gave a statement to Zhu Yuanzhang: "Wu Wu people do not know books, but only know three things: do not kill people, do not plunder women, and do not burn down the huts." The meaning of this sentence has already been explained at the beginning of this article, so he naturally understands the importance of military discipline to Zhu Yuanzhang. Therefore, Hu Dahai did not resent Zhu Yuanzhang.
Hu Dahai had two sons, the eldest son Hu Sanshe and the second son Hu Guanzhuo. After the death of the eldest son, Hu Dahai took the second son with him and strictly disciplined him. However, Hu Dahai did not expect that he and his second son would be killed at the same time.
At first, Hu Dahai attacked Jiande, the Yuan army collapsed, and then, Hu Dahai recaptured Tonglu, and three generals in Tonglu voluntarily surrendered, and the three of them were named Jiang Ying, Liu Zhen, and Li Fu. Hu Dahai saw that the three of them were very brave and stayed by his side. Unexpectedly, a few years later, the three of them actually launched a mutiny in Chuzhou and killed Hu Dahai.
The Biography of Hu Dahai in the Ming Shi Records details of Hu Dahai's death:
In the end, the three of them plotted to make trouble, entered the provincial office in the morning, and asked the sea to watch the crossbow in the Eight Wing Building. The sea came out, and The British sent their party to kneel before the horse, and falsely sued the British. The sea did not answer, and gu Ying was reversed. Ying out of the sleeve of the hammer hit the sea, the middle of the brain servant ground. And his sons Guan Zhu and Langzhong Wang Kai were killed.
In 1362, Hu Dahai inspected Jinhua. Jiang Ying sent someone to invite Hu Dahai upstairs to watch the crossbow. As soon as Hu Dahai arrived downstairs, Jiang Ying's party knelt in front of him to tell Jiang Ying about the situation, and this person attracted Hu Dahai's attention. By the time Hu Dahai looked back at Jiang Ying, it was too late. Only to see Jiang Ying holding a mallet to directly attack Hu Dahai's head, although Hu Dahai was brave, he had no defense at all, and fell to the ground on the spot. Subsequently, under jiang Ying's order, everyone went forward to kill Hu Dahai's son Hu Guanzhu and others and take Jinhua.
It turned out that this was a premeditated rebellion, because almost at the same time as the Jinhua rebellion, there was also a military riot in Chuzhou not far away, and Hu Dahai's deputy general Geng Zaicheng was killed at the same time.
Hu Dahai's death dealt a great blow to Zhu Yuanzhang, who almost lost a large amount of territory, but fortunately Li Wenzhong arrived in time to suppress the rebels while pacifying the old generals, which calmed the incident.
The deaths of Hu Dahai and Hu Guanzhu declared Hu Dahai completely extinct. Zhu Yuanzhang was deeply saddened, and after Li Wenzhong captured Jiang Ying alive, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Jiang Ying to be killed and "stabbed in his blood to sacrifice to the sea."
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="122" >4, Yue Guo Gong Yong Ling, the seventh temple of meritorious heroes</h1>
The sea makes good use of soldiers... Near and far scramble. And death, the smellers all droole.
This means that Hu Dahai is good at using troops, and he does not like to kill, and wherever he swings his troops, generals near and far surrender. When everyone heard that he had been killed, they all wept bitterly.
Mencius said, "There is a way under the heavens, and there is a way to win the people, and the world is to be gained." ”
Hu Dahai fought bravely, open-mindedly, and won the hearts of the people, and he fought for Zhu Yuanzhang for 7 years, which was zhu Yuanzhang's luck.
If Hu Dahai had not died in this accident, with his seniority and ability, he would have been able to create glory again in the next major events of Zhu Yuanzhang's destruction of Chen Youyu, his crusade against Zhang Shicheng, and the Northern Expedition to the Yuan Dynasty. After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, Hu Dahai's merits were undoubtedly ranked among the six dukes of the founding of the country. Unfortunately, after this accident, there was no Longer Hu Dahai at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.
Hu Dahai had only one righteous son, named Hu Deji. Xu Da should have killed Xu Da, but considering that he was the only relative of Hu Dahai, he sent someone to send Hu Deji to Nanjing to listen to Zhu Yuanzhang's fall. Zhu Yuanzhang finally looked at Hu Dahai's face and spared Hu Deji's life.
Zhu Yuanzhang was called empress dowager, and looking back on the past, there were 4 generals who most missed the fallen generals, namely Hu Dahai, Feng Guoyong, Liao Yong'an and Ding Dexing.
In the third year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang was greatly awarded the title of Meritorious Servant and was given the title of 6 Dukes and 28 Marquises at one time. The so-called "six dukes", namely: Xu Da, Chang Mao, Li Shanchang, Li Wenzhong, Feng Sheng, Deng Yu. In fact, in a strict sense, the founding of the Ming Dynasty was not the "Six Dukes", but the "Ten Dukes", because Before Zhu Yuanzhang rewarded the Six Dukes, he had already posthumously named Hu Dahai the Duke of Yue, Ding Dexing the Duke of Ji, Liao Yong'an the Duke of Chu and Feng Guo, and the four of them were entitled to the Taimiao Temple. Among the four dukes who were posthumously, Hu Dahai ranked first.
Later, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Temple of Meritorious Heroes, and Hu Dahai was the first to enter the temple. Hu Dahai was originally ranked 7th in the Temple of Meritorious Heroes, second only to the "Six Dukes". However, during the Hongwu period, Li Shanchang and Feng Sheng were successively killed, while Tang He and Mu Ying were posthumously awarded the title of prince after their deaths, so they ranked before Hu Dahai, who still ranked 7th.
The author believes that for Hu Dahai, he destroyed the city and pulled out the village, and he was invincible, which can be described as "brave";
He pretended to be a Yuan soldier to seize the city gate and diverted water to pour Lü Zhen, which can be described as "wisdom";
Although he is illiterate, he knows that he does not kill indiscriminately and does not loot, which can be described as "benevolence";
He let Lü Zhen return, and did not allow chase and sneak attack, which can be described as "faith";
He was loyal to Zhu Yuanzhang for 7 years, and even if his son was killed, he still had no second thoughts, which can be described as "loyal".
In the Liutao, it is recorded that King Wu of Zhou once asked Taigong Jiang, "What should I do for the way of the general?" ”
Jiang Taigong told King Wu of Zhou, "There will be five materials! ”
King Wu of Zhou asked again, "Which five materials?" ”
Jiang Taigong replied:
"The so-called five talents are brave, wise, benevolent, faithful, and loyal. Courage is not to be committed, wisdom is not to be chaotic, benevolence is to love people, faith is not deceived, and loyalty is not two-minded. ”
Soldiers, the great affairs of the country, the way of survival lies in the general, Hu Dahai in the last years of the Yuan Dynasty, there is no doubt that he is a good general for thousands of years!
This article refers to the "History of Ming" and "The End of the Chronicle of the Ming Dynasty", the author Bo Shi Tongjin, welcome to pay attention to, welcome to discuss.