Fan Wencheng was born in the Ming Dynasty during the Wanli Dynasty, and he was the 17th grandson of Fan Zhongyan, a famous minister of the Northern Song Dynasty. His grandfather served as a Soldier Shangshu of the Ming Dynasty. However, Fan Wencheng, as a disciple of an official eunuch of the Ming Dynasty, turned his back on the Ming Dynasty, voluntarily surrendered to the Manchu Qing, and followed the Qing Dynasty with all his life.
(Fan Wencheng stills)
This is to talk about the strict examination system of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty has a saying that "non-jinshi do not enter Hanlin, non-Hanlin does not enter the cabinet", that is to say, in the Ming Dynasty, if you want to enter the army as an official, if you fail to be admitted to the jinshi, everything else is exempt from discussion.
Fan Wencheng learned and read well from an early age, bent on obtaining a meritorious name, Guangzong Yaozu, but he took the exam several times, only to take the Xiucai exam at the age of 18, and then several references, all named Luosun Mountain.
At that time, the Ming Dynasty, on the one hand, was in turmoil within the imperial court, and eunuchs were in charge; on the other hand, officials were corrupt and natural and man-made disasters were continuous, and there was already a twilight scene.
However, Nurhaci, however, fought in the Western Expedition outside the Guanwai, not only unifying the Jurchens of Jianzhou, but also establishing the Houjin regime in Shengjing.
For Fan Wencheng, the Zhongjin soldier was far away for him. Therefore, if he wanted to serve in the Ming Dynasty, he was not qualified at all.
So, as an idealistic and ambitious young person, what will you do?
In Fan Wencheng's view, whether it is the Ming Dynasty or the Later Jin Dynasty, it is equivalent to two companies. Good birds choose trees to live in, and he believes that the Later Jin forces are fierce and are likely to replace the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, when Nurhaci read the "Seven Great Hates" text to the Ming Dynasty and began to attack Fushun, he could not wait to take the initiative to surrender Nurhaci.
Fan Wencheng's origin and knowledge were treated kindly by Nurhaci, and he even told the Ministers of Houjin that after Fan Wencheng was a celebrity, everyone must treat him kindly.
(Nurhaci stills)
However, Nurhaci was a warrior after all, and although Fan Wencheng had been with him in his conquest against the Ming Dynasty and advised him, he only got a position of Zhang Jing (similar to a clerk), and worked in this position for 8 years.
In 1626, Nurhaci fell ill and died. Emperor Taiji succeeded to the Khan's throne with the support of everyone.
Unlike Nurhaci, Huang Taiji attached great importance to readers and established a literary museum for them.
Fan Wencheng was able to join the Museum. Soon, he won the attention of Huang Taiji with his outstanding literary style, and was appointed as a scholar of the Inner Secretariat Academy, and from then on he became a close associate of Huang Taiji.
Fan Wencheng is indeed a talent. He not only knows astronomical geography, but also wears armor. When fighting the Ming Dynasty, he always rushed to the front with his soldiers, often first to stroke, but if he failed, he led the gunners to encircle and suppress. In the process of killing the Ming army, he was not soft-hearted, so he was deeply appreciated by the Emperor Taiji. Coupled with his repeated military achievements, he was awarded the position of guerrilla.
For the generous treatment of Huang Taiji, Fan Wencheng was also overwhelmed by it and bowed to the end. Against the influential and capable officials of the Ming Dynasty, he tried every means to plot a rebellion. Under his persuasion, Kong Youde, Hong Chengyu, Shang Kexi, and others all surrendered to the Manchu Qing. This not only effectively disintegrated the Ming army's forces and dealt a blow to the morale of the Ming army, but also increased the strength of the Qing army and created good conditions for the Manchu Qing to unify the world.
(Dolgun stills)
In 1643, Emperor Taiji died of illness, and Fan Wencheng continued to be reused by Dorgon.
At his suggestion, Dorgon quickly entered the customs and entered Beijing on the pretext of driving out the Dashun army.
At the same time, Fan Wencheng paid great attention to appeasing the people.com. Not only did they lightly dispense with meagre endowments, but they also sought benefits for the people everywhere and implemented many policies that were beneficial to the people. He also formulated a series of imperial court systems, improved the official positions of the Qing court and made many reforms, and made great contributions to the stabilization of the Manchu Qing regime, and he was honored to be the first civil servant of the Manchu Qing.
After arriving in Shunzhi, Fan Wencheng, who was highly respected and respected, was also given the title of Shaobao and Crown Prince Taibao, and was promoted to the first rank.
Subsequently, Fan Wencheng used his illness as an excuse to make a retirement report and no longer paid attention to political affairs. Although he retired from Hugh, Shunzhi was more concerned about Fan Wencheng, not only painting his portrait in the palace, but also personally tasting medicine when he was ill.
In 1666, the 70-year-old Fan Wencheng completed his life. Kangxi not only wrote the sacrifice text himself and buried it thickly, but also gave him the nickname "Wen Su".
It can be said that as the founding hero of the Manchu Qing, Fan Wencheng's ending is already very perfect.
(Reference historical materials: "Kiyoshi's manuscript"))