Times are changing, in the summer of the eleventh year of the Republic of China (1922), Rong Geng left his hometown and came to Beiping, a cultural city in the hearts of the Chinese people. He began from the Dongguan Guild Hall, from studying and educating people, from editing to writing books, step by step, until he returned to his hometown in 1946, and in the past twenty-four years, there were both highlight moments of life and helpless times.
During the twenty-four years of Beiping, Rong Geng's life was closely related to the Dongguan Guild Hall, which can be seen in Rong Geng's Diary of Beiping.
There is no doubt that the words that appear most often in the "Diary" are "old hall" and "new museum", and to understand Mr. Rong's life in Beiping, we must understand the Dongguan Guild Hall.
1. Several migrations of Rong Geng
In the summer of the eleventh year of the Republic of China (1922), the Rong brothers first came to Beiping and lived in the new Dongguan Guild Hall on Shangxiao Street in Xuanwu District. In August, Rong Geng was admitted to the law department of Chaoyang University, and Rong Zhaozu was admitted to Peking University. Preparing to enroll, Rong Geng was introduced by Luo Zhenyu, and Ma Heng, a professor at Peking University, believed that Rong Geng's research on Jin Wen had a unique point and a future for further study. After enrolling, rong geng brothers had economic difficulties, Dongguan Mingluntang subsidized 100 yuan per person per year (dayang) according to the routine, while Rong Geng worked half-time at Peking University, for the secretary of Peking University (copying), and the monthly salary was 8 yuan (dayang, at that time, the general students, the monthly living expenses were 6 yuan, basically enough, the books solved by themselves, and the monthly salary increased to 30-50 yuan). At that time, the dormitories of Peking University could not fully meet the needs of students. The Rong Geng brothers and their Fellow Villagers in Guangdong shared a house near Peking University, and solved their own food and all study and life matters until the Rong Geng brothers graduated (graduated in 1925). Mr. Rong Geng recalled: "When Yu Shi handed over to the Jun, he and his brother lived in the old hutong, the house was as small as a fishing boat, and whenever the harsh winter was fierce, a coal stove was blazing, the fire was raging, the imperial clothes were dressed, and they were happy with themselves. ("Narrative of the Golden Stone of the Red Chamber of Shengchun")
Rong Geng's manuscript of "Jin WenBian" was photographed by reporter Shen Hanyan
In September 1927, Yung Moved to 12 Locust Street.
In August 1929, Rong Geng moved to No. 24 Yandong Garden.
In December 1942, Rong Geng moved to the new hall of Dongguan Guild Hall.
In 1946, he returned to the south.
Young Rong Geng reporter Shen Hanyan remade
2. Rong Geng and Dongguan Guild Hall
Rong Geng has a close relationship with Dongguan Guild Hall. When he first arrived in Beiping, Rong Geng stayed at the new Dongguan Guild Hall. After entering Peking University, although he rented a middle-aged hutong, he often interacted with the townspeople in the guild hall because he participated in the "Dongguan Society in Beijing" (whose meeting place was located in the new hall). After teaching at Yenching University, most of them went into the city around Saturday to visit the Glass Factory, and then stayed in the old museum (mainly Zhang Zigan's house) or the new museum. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, Rong Geng moved into the new hall of the Dongguan Guild Hall on Shangxiao Street.
Rong Geng's friends in Dongguan Guild Hall are mainly Dongguan students who study in Beijing or Dongguan people who work in Beijing. According to the preliminary statistics of the "Diary", there are about 36 people (except relatives), before the 1930s, mainly members of the "Dongguan Society in Beijing", especially members living in Dongguan Guild Hall and students from Chaoyang and Peking University. Such as Shi Shaochuan, Zhang Peifeng (杞棚), Zhang Peishen, Qi Shaosheng (Yongqiao), Zhai Zongxin, Wang Shaozeng, Zhai Ruiyuan, Mai Yingchang (Ji Ke), Zheng Henian, Zhong Dunyao, Wang Rongjia (Yusheng), Lun Huizhu and so on. On May 16, 1925, after meeting Zhang Yinlin, he had frequent contacts. There are also some predecessors, such as Lun Ming, Chen Gongfu, Chen Guoyu (Bo Jun), Zhang Zigan and so on.
In October 1922, the Dongguan Society was established. The Society is mainly composed of students and graduates of secondary schools and above in Beijing. The purpose of the Society is to "connect feelings, study the enhancement of academic culture, and improve society." The venue is located in Dongguan New Pavilion on Shangxiao Street. Shi He Zuolin served as the president, Luo Yao (then a student of Beijing Fazheng University) served as a clerk, and Rong Geng, Rong Zhaozu, and Lun Huizhu (a student of the public girls' first middle school, yu Dongguan Guild Hall) served as examiners.
Dongguan new museum infographic
On January 10, 1926, the members of the Dongguan Society in Beijing met at the Dongguan New Museum, because the former chairman Wang Rongjia returned to Guangdong after graduation, luo Yao was provisionally elected as the chairman, and Luo Yao was elected as the next chairman, Lu Yi was the editorial committee, and Luo Yao, Rong Zhaozu, Rong Geng, and Xu Guangqian were the editors, and the "Annual Journal of the Dongguan Society in Beijing" was published in June of that year.
In 1918, the "Member Directory of The Beijing Dongguan Society" had a column of "Beijing Internal Communication Office", and there were 6 people registered as "Dongguan Guild Hall of Rotten Man Hutong" and 19 people registered as "Dongguan New Museum on Shangxiao Street". By the "Member Record" compiled and printed in 1926, only 1 person was registered as "Dongguan Guild Hall of Rotten Man Hutong", and the remaining 14 were registered as "Dongguan New Museum on Shangxiao Street". Also living in the Dongguan Guild Hall for a long time are the Zhang Bozhen family, who are "good for two generations" with the Lun family.
On May 1, 1935, Rong Geng said in the "Preface to the Catalogue of Song Zhai Jijin": "In May of the eleventh year, I traveled with my brother Zhaozu to beijing, studied at the Guoxue Gate of Peking University, and liked to listen to plays, play cards, watch movies, and go to restaurants with the villagers, and it was common on Mondays and Sundays. After this, he blamed himself: 'Rulai Beijing is nonsense. 'I will not fail to return. His friends are known for their diligence and ruin for their absurdity, and they all look at it as one-sided rather than true. ”
In his later years, Rong Geng, reporter Shen Hanyan, remade
Rong Geng's life when he first arrived in Beiping was indeed described in this article, and there were many records in the activities of the guild hall:
"Lu Yi, Wang Rongjia, and Li Xilin came and threw the promotion map." (24 January 1925)
"At noon, Shi Shaochuan invited him to listen to the drama at the Xinming Theater." (25 January 1925)
"In the evening to the Chengnan Amusement Park, Zhong Tai please listen to the play, and Bi Yunxia performs "Rainbow Pass."" (28 January 1925)
"Heavy snow in the morning and sunny in the afternoon. Shi Shaochuan, Chen Zongxi, Zhang, Zhong, and Lunzhu were invited to listen to the play at the Xinming Theater, and Xue Yanqin performed "Steamed Shou An" and returned to the new museum in Dongguan at seven o'clock. (January 29, 1925)
"Watching 'Moonlight Thief' with Shi Shaochuan, Zhong and Su at the True Light Film Theater" (February 17, 1925)
Similarly, it is recorded in a diary from before the 1930s. It is Mr. Rong who blames himself, repents and rehabilitates, and has basically disappeared since he moved to Yandong Garden. At this time, before the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Dongguan Guild Hall was like a station for Mr. Rong Geng. Every Saturday (or before), Mr. Yung would come into the city to visit friends in the city and visit the Glass Factory. During this period, you will stay in the old or new museum for one night. Mr. Zhang Zigan's family lives in the old hall of Dongguan Guild Hall, and Mr. Lun Ming lives in the new hall of Dongguan Guild Hall. Every time he enters the city, Rong Gengduo will choose a time to visit the two gentlemen and ask for mutual benefits. In 1935, together with Lun Ming and Zhang Zhongrui, he jointly raised funds and co-edited the "Dongguan Yuan Chonghuan Governor LiaoBei Tu Poem" ("Skin Gong Ya Song"), which was an excellent move to promote the culture of the township.
"Thirty years (1941) in December, from the beginning of the Pacific War, Yanda dropped out of the lecture, and then moved west to Chengdu, Yu moved to the New Pavilion in Dongguan, Shangxiao Street, and the Secret Glass Factory. The roommate blamed me, thinking that I was stingy at buying rice for paintings. I don't know which one is easy to take, although there is money as a medium, Yu Gu is not a penny. After five years, Zhen Yan was transferred. Ask Yu Zhifu and think that the calligraphy and painting are right. ("Ode to the Book of Calligraphy and Painting , Preface " ) Visiting the factory, writing articles, Lingu painting is one of the portrayals of Rong Geng's life after moving to the guild hall, and occasionally has small gatherings with friends, and often goes to the old museum to visit Mr. Zhang Zigan.
In the spring of 1946, Rong Geng returned to Guangdong. The books and materials that Rong Geng did not have time to collect were collected by the chairman of the guild until 1951, when Mr. Rong's family transported the books and seal carvings back to Guangdong twice.
Rong Geng's first stop in Beijing and the last stop in Beijing are all Dongguan Guild Hall. No matter where you go, your hometown will always be the home of the elderly.
In 2006, the exterior view of the dongguan new museum in Shangxiao Street, Beijing, was built in the old mansion of Nian Tangyao
What about the past and present lives of Dongguan Guild Hall?
A guild hall is "an institution set up by people of the same origin or industry in the capital and major cities, and has a museum for the gathering and accommodation of fellow villagers." "Ci Hai" quotes the Ming Dynasty Liu Tong's "Imperial Capital Scenery and Material Strategy": "The Examination Hall is located in the capital, and there is no ancient one, and the first Jialong is also in the middle of the city." According to He Bingdi's research, the earliest known guild hall is the Beijing Wuhu Guild Hall built during the Ming Yongle period. The Jiajing and Wanli periods tended to flourish. The construction and activities of the Beijing Guild Hall in the Qing Dynasty reached their heyday for a while.
Because the Ming and Qing dynasties implemented the "imperial examination" system, the study style at that time was extremely prosperous. After Ming Chengzu moved the capital to Beijing, yu Yongle resumed the imperial examination in the thirteenth year (1415), and during the annual examination, hundreds of people from all over the world came to the capital. The guild hall was born from this. These clan halls are generally built with donations from officials in Beijing, or donated private houses to be rebuilt when Beijing officials are released, and some township halls are built by people with influence and status such as daguan and new branch nobles, and are funded by local officials and industrialists and businessmen.
The envoys of the guild hall came to unfamiliar cities, found the familiar sounds of the countryside, and were relieved by the nostalgia to read indignantly and obtain meritorious names; they benefited from the friendship of the township party and the construction of a political network. Therefore, the association will solve the problem of staying in the residence of the taxis who have left their hometowns to take the examination and wait for the election, and meet their emotional needs and the needs of common entertainment.
For the founders and advocates of the guild hall, they express their gratitude and respect for their hometown, express their encouragement and support for their hometown after studying, and use the platform of the guild hall to advocate the establishment of the museum, donating funds to build the museum, and giving up the house as the museum in important cities, especially in the capital, and use the platform of the guild hall to advocate the political ideology and cultural pursuit recognized by the state, which not only won the recognition of the country, but also achieved their own moral realization and value pursuit.
Historically, the ancestors of Dongguan built three guild halls outside the Xuanwu Gate in Beijing: one in Zhuchao Street, Nanheng Street, one in Rotten Man Hutong, and one in Shangxiao Street.
1. Dongguan Guild Hall, Zhuchao Street, Nanheng Street
According to Zhang Bozhen's "Records of the Former Residence of ZhangJiayu Martyrs in the Ming Dynasty", the earliest Dongguan guild hall was at No. 15, Zhuchao Street (later renamed Zhuchao Street) in Nanheng Street. It starts from South Hengdong Street in the north and ends on Guanyuan Vegetable Garden Street in the west. The date of construction is unknown, but it was demolished in 2007.
In 2007, the hutongs around Nanheng Street in Beijing, the earliest Dongguan guild hall was located at No. 15 Zhuchao Street, Nanheng Street, Visual China Map
2. Rotten Man Hutong Dongguan Guild Hall
Nanheng Street Zhuchao Street Dongguan Guild Hall "the townspeople are less than their pass, and seek more Zhangzhi". In the first year of Guangxu (1875), it was handled by the townsman Deng Rongjing, "with silver nine hundred and twenty-five two to get this site, and the gonggong rebuilt it as a museum."
In May 1918, Kang Youwei wrote a book for the Dongguan Guild Hall of Rotten Man Hutong: "Guanyuan". Ye Gong said: "Guanyuan is the former residence of Zhang Wenlie's public family in the late Ming Dynasty, the Gong rebellion in Guangdong to resist the Qing, famous in history, the townspeople and you have honor! Every time I pass through siyuan, I think of the wind emblem and solemnly respect it!"
A view of Beijing's Rotten Man Hutong Visual China
During the Republic of China period, the guild hall contained a frame of Zhang Jiayu and Yuan Chonghuan's remains visited by Zhang Bozhen. Every Spring and Autumn Festival, the townspeople always go to Yuan Chonghuan's tomb to worship according to the custom, and pay homage to Zhang Wenlie's public jade. At that time, the statue will be hung in the Guangdong Old Yi Garden inside the Guangqu Gate. When Zhang Jiang cut (Cixi) Premier's library, he published the "Collection of Zhang Wenlie's Public Relics" and "Yuan Inspector's Testament", and wrote a biography for the Second Duke to flow through the ages.
On December 4, 1947, the "Dongguan Guild Hall General Registration Form": There were 53 real estate buildings at the time. The number of fellow villagers is 58. Principal and Director Zhang Zhongrui (Cixi). Clerk (long shift) Hu Yongzeng. Licensing authority Dongguan Minglun Hall.
According to a survey conducted by the Beijing Guangdong Guild Hall Management Committee in December 1953, the Dongguan Guild Hall has 49 rooms and an area of 2.073 acres. Beginning and ending paragraphs: from Guang'anmennei Street in the north to Nanhengxi Street in the south. It is adjacent to the former South Hengjie Zhuchao Street Hall to the east and west.
3. Dongguan New Building on Shangxiao Street
In the autumn of the second year of Xuan reunification (1910), Chen Botao, together with his colleagues, "conspired to set up a new museum in Yi, and through the introduction of Chen Xiaolian Xigong, made a contract with Yang Donggao", and funded "five thousand hundred gold" to purchase the former residence of Qingnian Tangyao to rebuild the new museum in Dongguan. "The front is adjacent to Shangxiao Street and the Panyu New Hall, and the back is jinjing Hutong, which is adjacent to the Sichuan Guild Hall. After the death of the elderly general, he returned to the Shu people. Since the return of a certain jun to Shu, the residence of the Oriental people, that is, the old school of the Eastern Literature Hall. ”
In the spring of the third year of Xuan reunification (1911), "thousands of gold were raised to build the front yard, and the eighth month was completed." At that time, when Xinhai Chang was righteous, the townspeople went south to avoid chaos. At that time, the person in charge of the guild hall was Yin Qingju, "Yin Also avoided the military whirlpool", and the affairs of the guild hall were represented by Zhang Bozhen. As a result, the Zhang family modified it in the spring of 1912, and the front yard was completed. Shi Chen Gaodi (who was a disciple of Kangmen with Zhang Bozhen), Li Qing and others stayed in the museum. In May of that year, "Chen Guanbu Gao Di died of illness in the museum", and the successor thought it was unlucky, so in March 1914, he "hired Suixi Li Qingbu Ji to change it". In July 1915, "The ancient hall of Tim Li style was placed in the backyard, which was dedicated to the ancestors of Yi". In May 1918, he "added a wall to the front yard and told him that it was finished." It took nine years from the start of construction to the completion of the whole project. Therefore, Zhang Bozhen said with emotion: "The vicissitudes of the world, half of the old intercourse belong to the tomb, but it is better than words!"
There is a "Shadow Room" in the museum, and Kang Youwei has a book; "Xigutang", Song Boru Book. The new museum was completed, and yiren wrote the Yang Lian.
Chen Bo Tao wrote Xi Gu Tang Lian:
Twenty years ago, the official record, put the wine thesis, the old dream do not forget the swallow snow;
Gathered seven thousand miles away, riding the wind and waves, and responding to the Humen tide with great ambition.
Zhang Qigan wrote Xigutang Lian:
Gu Zhong once oversaw the Ji Liao division, asked the former dynasty, who was the pillar stone, the great general of Hehe, and the foot show that the mountains and rivers were ju lingxiu;
May the descendants, the wind and frost refine the bones, the vast new world, so as to create heroes according to the times.
Yin Qingju wrote the completion of the new dongguan museum:
Ten property of the Chinese people has been paid; This is the heart of Guangsha Wanjian.
Zhang Bozhen wrote the completion of the dongguan new museum:
Yushan Guanshui, neighboring two families, huaxin asked the street, to this place should think about the past life
Liao Ji Zengcheng, the spirit of the ancient, Fang Hui Yi descendants, may also remember the hometown people.
On November 12, 1947, when the guild hall was registered, the new pavilion in Dongguan had 5 broken platforms of real estate Xuanwai Savings Camp A No. 6, 52 people in the same township, and the responsible persons and directors were Chen Baojian, Uncle Lun Sheng, and Bai Wentong, the long class. In 1948, Lun Mingzhe was elected as the chairman of the board of directors, and Chen Baojian, Zhong Liangzhou, Wu Rulin, Wu Songlin and other four people were elected as directors and responsible for managing the affairs of the museum. According to a survey conducted by the Beijing Guangdong Guild Hall Management Committee in December 1953, the new dongguan hall has 90 rooms and an area of 5.745 acres.
After the completion of the new Dongguan Hall on Shangxiao Street, it coexisted with the Dongguan Guild Hall of Rotten Man Hutong, "each with its own portal, living separately" and managing it separately.
The guild hall makes the townspeople have a piece of strange city, even if it is the private space of "one bed house" and the local people of "one courtyard".
Main references: "Rong Geng Beiping Diary"; Luo Zhihuan's "Biography of Lun Ming"; Yi Xinnong, Xia Heshun "Biography of Rong Geng"; Bai Jizeng and Bai Jie "Basic Information Research of Beijing Guild Hall"
All Media Editor/Ning Xinchun