In the Kuomintang Party History Museum in Taiwan, a special letter is displayed.
The letter is not long, a few thin pages, and it is said that it is special because the person who wrote this letter is Chairman Mao, and this is Chairman Mao's handwritten letter to Chiang Kai-shek.
Why did Chairman Mao write this letter? What is the content of the letter?
Mao Zedong's handwritten letter to Chiang Kai-shek
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="301" > Treasure Island Taiwan</h1>
The year 1949 was a year that should always be remembered for the Chinese people.
In this year, with the defeat of the three major battles of Pingjin, Liaoshen, and Huaihai, the effective forces of the Kuomintang have been basically eliminated, and their defeat has become a foregone conclusion. Chinese people have seen the dawn of victory.
On October 1 of that year, Chairman Mao solemnly announced to the world in front of Tiananmen Square that the People's Republic of China had been founded.
Chinese people put an end to the suffering of continuous war and chaos, and achieved the liberation and peace they had dreamed of.
Founded new China
Also on December 11 of that year, the "Central Party Department" of the Nationalist government moved to Taipei, the Kuomintang was defeated in Taiwan, and the Chiang dynasty collapsed on the vast land of China.
However, the treasure island of Taiwan is also separated from the mainland by mountains and rivers again.
Taiwan is located on the continental shelf on the southeast coast of Chinese mainland and has been china's territory since ancient times.
As early as the Three Kingdoms period, Shen Ying, the Taishou of Eastern Wu Danyang, described the production and living conditions in Taiwan at that time in his book "Linhai Tuzhi". By the end of the Tang Dynasty and the beginning of the Song Dynasty, there were already Han Chinese settling in Taiwan, which was called Penghu at that time.
During the Song and Yuan dynasties, a large number of Han People had settled in Penghu, and during the Southern Song Dynasty, troops began to be sent to defend.
During the Yuan Dynasty, the "Penghu Inspection Department" was set up in the local area. During this period, the people of the mainland of the motherland and Taiwan were already very close, and by the end of the Ming Dynasty, large-scale migration began.
Since then, Taiwan has begun a period of large-scale development, and its social, political, economic, and cultural development has been rapid.
However, during this period, as Columbus discovered new shipping routes, the new sea powers of Europe began to march into Asia, carrying out aggression and expansion. Since then, Taiwan has also begun a history of enslavement, oppression and resistance.
East India Company merchant ships
In 1624, Dutch colonists belonging to the East India Company invaded southern Taiwan, and the Dutch colonists immediately ruled Taiwan for 38 years, occupying the land for themselves, forcing the people of Taiwan to pay harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes and plunder local output. Under the frenzied exploitation and oppression, the struggle of the people of Taiwan against the Dutch aggressors has continued.
The largest of these was the anti-Dutch uprising led by Guo Huaiyi in 1652. Although it ended in failure, it showed the determination and strength of the people of Taiwan to resist foreign aggression. And since then, the resistance struggle of the People of Taiwan has intensified because of the blood of the insurgents.
Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan
Ten years later, he cooperated with the national hero Zheng Chenggong to finally expel the Dutch colonists. Taiwan has finally returned to the embrace of the motherland.
Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, led the local people to fight against the Wokou and pirates when he was young, and in the area of Zheng Chenggong, he was committed to expelling the Dutch colonists who had invaded and occupied Taiwan and recovering the land. He was named "King of Yanping" by the yongli emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty at that time.
Zheng successfully attacked Taiwan in April 1661, and with the cooperation of the local people, he launched a number of fierce battles, and besieged the Taiwanese commander of the East India Company at the city of Zeelandia. After 9 months of siege, Yuichi had to surrender.
After the recovery of Taiwan, Zheng Chenggong began to govern Taiwan, implemented the Tuntian policy, formed large-scale villages and towns in the south and west, and the population grew in a large number, and the population of Taiwan reached 200,000 at the end of the Ming Dynasty, in addition, the economy and culture were also developing rapidly.
However, after the fall of the Ming Dynasty and the entry of the Manchus into the customs, the Zheng family stationed in Taiwan devoted themselves to opposing the Qing and restoring the Ming Dynasty, dividing Taiwan and confronting the Qing government. During the Kangxi Dynasty, Shi Lang, the admiral of the Fujian Admiralty, led an army to conquer Taiwan, and Zheng Ketui surrendered. Thereafter, Taiwan came under the rule of the Qing government.
The development of Taiwan during this period was also good, and people from Fujian and Guangdong immigrated to Taiwan in large numbers, reclaimed wasteland, and developed maritime trade, and this small island became a real "treasure island".
Sino-Japanese War
In the middle of the 19th century, the spearhead of the aggression of the Western powers was aimed at the rich East, and Taiwan became the target of British, American, Japanese, and French armed aggression. The Qing government was forced to open treaty ports in Taiwan, set up administrative provinces in Taiwan, and also carried out the foreign affairs movement here, and the modernization cause was also the fastest in the country.
After the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing government signed the Treaty of Maguan on April 17, 1895, which ceded Taiwan and the Penghu Islands to Japan.
When the news came, the people of the whole Chinese the people of the whole country shared the same sorrow, and the people of Taiwan, including the ethnic minorities in Taiwan, set up large and small anti-Japanese armed forces to resist the Japanese aggressors, determined to defend Taiwan with their own strength.
The Defense of Taiwan lasted for more than 5 months, dealing a heavy blow to the Japanese aggressors, but finally failed because of backward weapons and lack of support. Taiwan was completely reduced to a colony of the Japanese Empire.
Defense of Taiwan
In the past fifty years of Japan's occupation of Taiwan, it has politically practiced "inland extensionism," tried to assimilate the people of Taiwan and become their "loyal subjects," and economically implemented the policy of "agricultural Taiwan, industrial Japan," squeezed Taiwan's grain and raw materials, and regarded Taiwan as a supply station for the Japanese army.
After the outbreak of the Pacific War, Japanese colonists actually recruited troops in Taiwan, causing huge casualties among the Taiwanese population. This history of humiliation lasted until 1941, when Japan, after the July 7 Incident, revealed its imperialist wolf ambitions in an attempt to destroy China, and the Nationalist government declared war on Japan on December 9, 1941, and the Maguan Treaty was abrogated.
At this time, the international community was in the period of the Second World War, and the world was full of wars and turmoil, which seriously restricted the development of the productive forces of all countries in the world. In order to maintain international peace, the United Nations has formulated hundreds of international agreements since its establishment, and in February 1943, the United States, the United States and Britain signed the Cairo Declaration.
In 1945, The United States, britain, and the Soviet Union signed the Potsdam Proclamation, reaffirming the Cairo Declaration and establishing that Taiwan was part of China's territory.
Pacific War
It was not until August 1945 that Japan announced its acceptance of the Potsdam Proclamation and surrendered unconditionally. After 14 years of arduous struggle, the people of Chinese finally won the victory of the War of Resistance with the people of the world.
At this point, the people of Taiwan have ended their humiliating history of being oppressed by Japan and returned to the embrace of the motherland again.
After the restoration of Taiwan, because the Taiwan Administrative Office that took over Taiwan did not administer properly, officials were seriously corrupt, and their living prices soared and unemployment was serious, the people of Taiwan had to rise up and resist. However, the Kuomintang authorities sent a large number of spies and military police to carry out bloody suppression.
In 1949, when the Kuomintang lost the war and the Nationalist government lost Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek issued the "Martial Law Order in Taiwan Province" on May 19, shortly after his arrival, thus beginning a high-handed rule over Taiwan.
And Taiwan, a long-suffering island, has once again lost the embrace of the motherland of the motherland.
Chiang Kai-shek
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="338" > "One China"</h1>
Chiang Kai-shek has since occupied Taiwan. When he left the mainland, he took away almost the country's gold and silver foreign exchange reserves, and many other experts in many fields were also coerced by him to lure him to Taiwan. Strong financial strength, coupled with enough talent and technical support, has made his administration in Taiwan a smooth water.
When Chiang Kai-shek first arrived in Taiwan, Taiwan was still in the Era of Japanese Colonialism, and because the Japanese colonists gave preferential treatment to landlords, Taiwan's peasants were living in dire straits.
After Chiang Kai-shek came to power, he studied the Communist Party's "land reform" policy, gave preferential treatment to the peasants, and the state paid for the landlords' land and then distributed it to the peasants, thus greatly improving the peasants' living conditions.
This allowed the Kuomintang to gain a broad mass base in Taiwan. It is said that Chiang Kai-shek also conscientiously studied Chairman Mao's "Yan'an Rectification Document." In addition to "land reform," Chiang Kai-shek's tactics of "political reform" and "party reform" are almost identical.
Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek
The new China led by Chairman Mao was faced with a situation of poverty and whiteness, and the military, economy and even culture were barren and lacking. In this case, we can only play steadily and slowly develop step by step.
And Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek, two former rivals, began another round of the game. It is just that Chairman Mao led the people of the whole country to struggle for the liberation of all mankind and for the Chinese the people out of their predicament and develop socialism. The Kuomintang led by Chiang Kai-shek was aimed at "counter-attacking the mainland."
In fact, at the beginning of Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek always dreamed of "counterattacking the mainland." But after all, he is different from those "Taiwan independence" elements now, and at least there is a basic bottom line, that is, one China!
On the Taiwan issue, Chiang Kai-shek resisted the remarks of splitting Taiwan several times, and to a certain extent smashed the international conspiracy to split China.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="347" > UN Trusteeship Theory</h1>
This was raised in March 1947 shortly after the Kuomintang government accepted Taiwan, when officials from the U.S. Consulate General in Taipei raised the issue.
In May, U.S. Vice Consul in Taiwan George Kerr submitted a memorandum to the U.S. State Department just after leaving office, saying that taiwan must be placed under United Nations supervision to prevent it from being controlled by the Communist Party.
At this time, another "Taiwan independence" element, Liao Wenyi, threw out a so-called "opinion on the handling of the Taiwan issue," advocating that "Taiwan shall be entrusted by the United Nations and that the citizens should be self-determined by referendum." For a time, the "trusteeship theory" was full of rumors. Chiang Kai-shek was highly vigilant about this and immediately sent Sun Ke, who was the chief executive, to Taiwan to find out.
As soon as Sun Ke arrived in Taiwan, he held a high-profile press conference and publicly denounced the US consulate and the US Information Service by name, forcing the US authorities to remove and replace several people.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="352" > the status of Taiwan is undecided</h1>
After the "trusteeship" conspiracy was smashed, the US authorities made new moves.
In March 1943, the U.S. State Department put forward a basic policy toward Taiwan: Taiwan could not be allowed to fall into the hands of the Communist Party.
The US authorities decided to separate Taiwan from Chinese mainland. The Kuomintang government has a firm stance and a tough stance on this issue. In a public speech, former Foreign Minister Wang Shijie strongly refuted this view.
However, at this time, when the Korean War broke out, the United States took the opportunity to formally raise the issue of "Taiwan's status is undecided." U.S. President Harry S. Truman issued a statement on 27 September 1950, declaring that the Taiwan issue should be restored to security in the Pacific And that the signing of the treaty with Japan should be considered by the United Nations. The Seventh Fleet was also ordered to invade the Taiwan Strait.
However, Chiang Kai-shek and the United States had very different ideas, hoping that the invasion of the US fleet would deter the People's Liberation Army, and on the other hand, he wanted to use this opportunity to counterattack the mainland. This creates a huge disagreement with the United States.
Korean War
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="358" > the outer island ceasefire theory</h1>
After the end of the Korean War, the Chinese People's Liberation Army garrison in Fujian launched a war in Kinmen on September 3, 1954, first to counter the Kuomintang counteroffensive and second, to combat the aggressive policies of the United States. At this time, the "theory of ceasefire on the outer islands" of the US authorities was newly baked because of the so-called "Taiwan Strait crisis."
The "theory of ceasefire on the outer islands, which the Americans vigorously advocate," is actually to first internationalize the Taiwan issue, then separate Taiwan, and finally create "two Chinas." First, the United States can smoothly escape from the civil war and not get involved in the Taiwan dispute; second, it can further split Taiwan and internationalize the Taiwan issue.
However, Chiang Kai-shek's government vigorously resisted, of course, his purpose was still to counterattack the mainland, and the "ceasefire on the outer islands" actually made him give up the great cause of "counter-offensive.", how could he be willing?
In order to increase pressure on the Kuomintang, the U.S. government proposed a "ceasefire" in the Taiwan Strait to the United Nations Security Council on January 28, 1955.
Battle of the Golden Gate
Chiang Kai-shek gave a long speech on the issue of "ceasefire" on the "Anniversary of the Founding fathers" on February 28, denouncing the "two Chinas" proposition.
It is worth mentioning that at this Security Council meeting, the representatives of the Soviet Union opposed New Zealand's proposal and held that the United States should not be involved in the Taiwan issue. Moreover, the representative of the Soviet Union also put forward a proposal to stop the UNITED States from invading China, and when the United States refused, the United Nations Security Council considered the mediation between the two sides to be ineffective and decided to shelve the proposal indefinitely.
This CONSPIRACY OF THE UNITED STATES IS SELF-DEFEATING.
MacArthur
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="367" > the first Kinmen-Malaysia withdrawal theory</h1>
The "Kinmen-Matsu Withdrawal Theory" is another conspiracy carried out by the United States in order to split Taiwan.
However, it can be seen from this that the US government attaches great importance to the island of Taiwan. What makes the United States so worried about this small island?
Geographers called Taiwan the "keyhole" on the first island chain in the Pacific, and The five-star General MacArthur of the United States described it even more vividly: an unsinkable aircraft carrier! It is both Our gateway to the Pacific Ocean and the throat of the United States and Japan.
Therefore, on the Taiwan issue, the Kuomintang government and the US authorities had irreconcilable differences from the beginning.
The United States does not want to be accused by international public opinion of interfering in China's internal affairs because of the Taiwan issue, and Chiang Kai-shek hopes to drag the United States in and help him defend the various islands of Taiwan, including Kinmen and Mazu. The contradictions between the two sides are also getting deeper and deeper.
Chiang Kai-shek has repeatedly declared that the Kuomintang will not withdraw troops from Kinmen and Matsu, but the Americans have stubbornly and stubbornly withdrawn their troops, and at a time when the "Taiwan Strait crisis" has eased, the Kuomintang has also seized the opportunity to increase troops to kinmen and Matsu to provide support. This time, the conspiracy of the "Golden Horse Withdrawal Theory" also came to an end.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="374" > the second Golden Horse withdrawal theory</h1>
On August 23, 1958, the guns on the islands of Kinmen and Mazu rumbled and the artillery fire continued, and the nationalists and communists went to war again. This is the second Taiwan Strait crisis. At the beginning of the war, the US authorities took a tough attitude and put up a posture of "strong intervention" and expressed their intention to escort the Kuomintang troops. However, with the development of the war situation, the escort team was repeatedly hit hard.
In desperation, the US authorities had no choice but to "repeat the same technique" and re-proposed the "Theory of the Withdrawal of Troops from Kinmen and Malaysia." The Kuomintang government was the first to strongly oppose it, and Chiang Kai-shek immediately delivered a tit-for-tat speech to the Associated Press reporter, and the next day Chiang Ching-kuo also represented Chiang Kai-shek on the front line of Kinmen to comfort the soldiers who participated in the war, showing the strong determination of the Kuomintang.
As a side of the Chinese government, it is keenly aware of the conspiracy of the "withdrawal theory" from the contradiction between the United States and Chiang Kai-shek. Having reconsidered the advantages and disadvantages of the method of resolving the Golden Horse issue, it is more in line with the common interests of "one China" to decide to leave the Golden Horse in the hands of the Kuomintang. Therefore, the decision was made not to recover The Golden Horse for the time being.
On October 6, Defense Minister Peng Dehuai issued a "Letter to Compatriots in Taiwan," announcing the decision to the Kuomintang government and deciding to stop shelling for a week from now on.
Peng Dehuai
On October 25, he also issued the "Letter to Compatriots Again," reiterating the "one-China" stand, calling on compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait to unite with the outside world and warning the KMT not to succumb to US pressure and lose its sovereignty.
The "Message to Compatriots" also preached the communist party's major decision: to continue the attack on Jinma, but the shelling method was to stop every single shot and stop every double.
Chiang Kai-shek heard the string song and knew the meaning of ya, and responded positively to this.
The opposing sides on both sides of the Taiwan Strait began a marathon-style battle: on a single day, both sides fired artillery, but only hit the beach, and absolutely did not hit each other's positions and residential areas. Stop shelling on two days. Holidays are also "closed" for three days.
But as the leader of the Kuomintang, the slogan of "counter-attacking the mainland" was even louder. This forced the United States to withdraw its troops from the Taiwan Strait. Until the end of the 1970s, the conspiracy to "split Taiwan" and create "two Chinas" did not succeed.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="384" > the letter that crossed the Taiwan Strait</h1>
With the vicissitudes of the international situation, the Chinese Government's Taiwan policy has also changed.
In May 1955, Premier Zhou put forward the idea of peaceful liberation of Taiwan at the Standing Committee of the First National People's Congress.
At the Second Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in 1956, it was clearly pointed out: "Chinese people are willing to strive to liberate Taiwan in a possible way when possible. "This is an official declaration by the Chinese government on the Taiwan issue."
Also after this meeting, on April 23, 1956, Premier Zhou received Zhang Shizhao at the West Flower Hall in Zhongnanhai, who had been a representative of the Nanjing government delegation and had also participated in the Beijing peace talks.
When talking about the Taiwan issue during the conversation, Zhang Shizhao said that his wife is now in Taiwan, and he can rush to Taiwan in the name of visiting relatives and convey the relevant policies of our party to Chiang Kai-shek to see if further cooperation can be reached.
Mao Zedong met with Zhang Shizhao
Premier Zhou immediately reported to Chairman Mao on this matter. After Chairman Mao found out, he also felt that the matter was good, and after careful consideration, Chairman Mao wrote a handwritten letter and handed it to Zhang Shizhao.
Knowing that the letter was of great importance, Zhang Shizhao traveled to Hong Kong and found his good friend Xu Xiaoyan, who was also a native of Hunan, had once been Chiang Kai-shek's secretary, was in charge of the cultural and propaganda work in Hong Kong, and was also a trustworthy person of Chiang Kai-shek. Xu Xiaoyan received this special letter, felt a heavy responsibility, and immediately rushed to Taiwan.
Xu Xiaoyan's trip went well and he met Chiang Kai-shek at the Shilin residence. Xu Xiaoyan solemnly handed chiang kai-shek the letter that had arrived across the ocean and made a report on his meeting with Zhang Shizhao.
Mao Zedong
As an enemy and opponent who had fought for half a lifetime, how could Chiang Kai-shek not recognize this character of dragon flying phoenix dance?
Looking at the familiar handwriting in front of him, Chiang Kai-shek couldn't help but have mixed feelings. The letter was not long, but Chiang Kai-shek read it repeatedly for more than half an hour, and after reading it, even his expression was a little sluggish, and it took half a day to return to God and say four words to Xu Xiaoyan: "You have worked hard!"
What exactly did Chairman Mao write in his letter that would make Chiang Kai-shek lose his temper so much?
The letter, preserved in the Kuomintang Party History Museum, was not made public until the 21st century.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="396" > the tomb of Fenghua is still there, and the flowers and grasses of Xikou are still there</h1>
In that letter, it was probably this sentence that most impressed Chiang Kai-shek.
Chiang Kai-shek was a native of Xikou Town, Fenghua County, Zhejiang Province. His mother was buried in Cixi, Xikou Town. When Chiang Kai-shek did not go to Taiwan, he visited his mother's grave every year. When the Kuomintang and the Communists fought, Chiang Kai-shek not only killed Chairman Mao's wife, but also sent people to dig up his family's ancestral grave.
And now, for this opponent who has a deep hatred, Chairman Mao told him that the ancestral graves in his hometown are fine, and the flowers and plants in his hometown are unharmed.
From this to the other, how could he not be moved and lost? How could such a broad mind not make him feel a thousand emotions?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="400" > a class of four orders</h1>
The one program and four items refer to the specific method for the peaceful reunification of Taiwan mentioned by Chairman Mao in his letter.
The "one program" in the four programs is that Taiwan must be unified with the People's Republic of China.
The "four eyes" refers to the fact that, in addition to the diplomatic unification in the central authorities, the personnel arrangements and military and political powers of Taiwan are managed by Chiang Kai-shek; the KmT and the COMMUNISTs have promised not to sabotage each other's affairs, so as to facilitate the resumption of cooperation between the KMT and the CPC;
If there are insufficient funds for Taiwan's economic construction, the central government may allocate funds to subsidize it; Taiwan's social reform can be eased, and when the conditions are ripe, it will respect Chiang Kai-shek's opinions and consult with the representatives of the people of all walks of life in Taiwan.
These contents are simply the prototype of "one country, two systems," and these favorable conditions can no wonder that Chiang Kai-shek can be sluggish and lose his mind. Maybe he didn't expect Chairman Mao to be so open-minded and generous, right?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="406" > the third cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party</h1>
If the third cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party can be successful, China will enter a new period of development.
When Chiang Kai-shek received this letter of special significance, he was not without feelings. Soon after, he decided to seriously consider cross-strait cooperation. Chiang Ching-kuo contacted Cao Juren and asked him to take a trip to Beijing to see the real situation in Beijing.
Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou met with Cao Juren and reiterated our party's position: As long as consensus is reached on the reunification of political power and the one-China stand is upheld, everything else can be resolved through consultation.
Cao Juren also came to Chiang Kai-shek's hometown of Fenghua and saw that the ancestral home of the Chiang family was intact, the ancestral tomb was also protected and repaired clean and tidy, and his relatives on the mainland were also taken care of by the government, and he could not help but be touched by it. He took pictures of them and wrote them all down in his report to Chiang Kai-shek.
Cao Juren
Chiang Kai-shek burst into tears after reading it. Soon after, he began to discuss the specific matters of cooperation with Chiang Ching-kuo and Cao Juren. First, Cao Juren put forward the Conditions of the Chinese Side, and then the Chiang father and son discussed and discussed them one by one. This time was not long, and the first 6 items were quickly decided.
But just as Cao Juren was excitedly reporting to the CPC Central Committee, a special period came, followed by Cao Juren's death in 1972.
In 1973, Zhang Shizhao also died one after another, and the process of cross-strait peace was inevitably hindered.
By the time Chiang Kai-shek died of illness in 1975 and Chairman Mao died in 1976, the day of Taiwan's return to the motherland was once again far away.
Time flies, the years are hurried, and time has entered the 21st century. I believe that the Taiwan issue will be resolved soon, and our wanderers have been away from home for too long!
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="416" > references</h1>
The Importance of Taiwan's Strategic Position from the Perspective of Geographical Location Looking at the current situation2017-10-07
Chiang Kai-shek once insisted on one China, 05\26\2004\10:47
In 1965, Chiang Kai-shek agreed to return to the mainland with his old ministry--China News Network2009-11-02