Text/White Maple Lin
Figure/source network, infringement
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In the 11th year of the Tang Dynasty, a young man dressed as a Confucian and with a rich body held a self-recommendation letter and begged the doorman to let him see the prime minister. The doorman turned a deaf ear, and the Zhu Gate was closed tightly, like an iron wall of copper, blocking between youth and career.
The autumn breeze is cold, like the mood of a young man withering.
This depressed young man is the "love bean" of Su Shi, a great literary hero of the Song Dynasty, and Han Yu, who has the reputation of "the decline of the eight generations of Wenqi".
However, at this moment, Han Yu was a down-and-out youth, and he did not have the aura of the protagonist at all.
In the Tang Dynasty, there were only two ways for literati to become officials: either to take the road of promotion as a staff member, or to participate in the selection and examination of officials.
Taking the road of promotion requires good literary style, which is mainly reflected in poetry. Many talented rioters rely on a poem to step flat, which is not surprising in data.
Neither Wang Wei nor Li Bai took the imperial examination.
Wang Wei sent "Acacia" with a red bean, successfully circled the Princess Taiping, got strong recommendation, and became an official in Beijing. Even Faye Wong, the diva of today's music scene, has sung "Red Beans", which shows that the influence of "this thing is the most acacia" is far away.
Li Bai's Bole was a great poet He Zhizhang, who was famous in Beijing at that time, and his famous work "Wing Liu" was popular among the people and is now one of the ancient poems that primary school students must memorize.
As a red man close to Tang Xuanzong, He Zhizhang strongly recommended Li Bai.
Since then, Li Bai has become a close courtier of the emperor, although he cannot participate in the government, but as a royal scholar, he can be said to be favored. Even the high-ranking eunuch Gao Lishi had to wait for him to take off his boots.
The imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty was different from that of later generations, and adopted a double examination system, that is, the examination of the jinshi, which was equivalent to obtaining a "certificate of academic qualifications". If you want to become an official, you also need to go through the erudite macro word scientific examination, such as today's civil service examination.
Although Han Yu took the exam 4 times before winning the jinshi, he did not pass the selection exam 3 times. He felt that he was at the end of the road, so he wanted to go to the prime minister and seek a meritorious name, but many times he went to the door and ate the "closed door soup".
Born slightly earlier than Han Yu, there is a poet with the same surname named Han Hong. Although the fame is small, the good villain is also one of the "Ten Talents of the Great Calendar". Han Hong entered the jinshi in the 13th year of Tianbao examination, and like Han Yu, he had no public office. However, people rely on a song "Cold Food" to surprise four seats, and the name is shocking.
"Spring City is full of flowers, cold food East Wind Royal Willow Slope." Candles were passed down at the Han Palace, and light smoke spread into the Wuhou family. ”
Good fellow, this poem is on fire, and women and children know it. Successfully attracted the attention of Tang Dezong, and immediately decreed that Han Hong would serve as the driving department Langzhong.
As a "Hundred Generations of Wenzong", the talented Han Yu should be outstanding in writing, how can he be brushed many times in the examination? Still not being welcomed by the Prime Minister?
The problem lies in Han Yu's "thoughts", he likes the past and is tired of the present, advocating the simple, thick, and realistic style of the hundred families of the pre-Qin Dynasty, which has nothing to do with the gorgeous piao style text handed down during the Wei and Jin dynasties. At that time, his articles belonged to the "marginal text" outside the mainstream, and it was difficult to be appreciated by high-powered people.
Han Yu was born into a family of official eunuchs, and his father and brother were full of poetry and books. Unfortunately, the family fell in the middle of the road, both parents died, and Han Yu followed his brother and sister-in-law to the tops and forths. Even in the midst of hardship and despair, his brother Han Hui did not forget to urge Han Yue to study diligently.
In order to encourage Han Yu, his brother told him many stories of the ancients who worked hard, loyally served the country, and heroically killed the enemy.
Zuo Qiuming was blind in both eyes but wrote "Zuo Biao"; Qu Yuan was exiled but left "Leaving Sorrow"; Sima Qian, who suffered from palace punishment, still struggled to write a book and completed the "History". The ancients were tough in the face of adversity, which deeply touched Han Yu.
The preference for ancient style is related to his tutoring environment on the one hand, and his distinct personality on the other hand.
Han Yu is definitely a "different firework" of the Tang Dynasty, he has a strong personality, describing himself as "Chu Crazy Boy Han Retreat" in the "Peony Song" (Han Yu, the word retreat). The burning of words can be seen.
The third examination was titled "Don't anger others." Han Yu thought for a moment, and then he wrote an article with great ideological connotations. The students who went to the exam together were all talking in private, and this time he was the only one.
Unfortunately, the reality is very cruel, the chief examiner simply can't look at Han Yu's "non-mainstream" article, and he is once again on the list.
The fourth examination, the title of which was "Restraint in Life, Maintain a Relaxed Mind", was much the same as the last time. Han Yu polished the last article a little and handed it over in a furious manner.
This time, the chief examiner was called Lu Yan, and seeing that Han Yu had turned in his papers so quickly, he couldn't help but wonder in his heart. He flipped through Han Yu's article to see how well he was writing. It doesn't matter if you don't look at it, you are shocked to see it! Lu Yan exclaimed, "This is a good article", waving his ink instructions: Admission!
Perhaps a good thing is more grinding, Han Yu has gone through 4 imperial examinations, 4 selection examinations, and finally has a public office.
However, he was not satisfied with being an official, but used every opportunity to launch the "Guwen Movement" with great fanfare with Liu Zongyuan, calling for stylistic reform.
Han Yu believes that Confucianism has "stopped" in Mencius's generation, and the article has drawn a "rest" to Sima Qian. In the "Reply to Li Yishu", he wrote in no uncertain terms that "the book of the two Han dynasties does not dare to be viewed", directly attacking the fancy and fancy piao style text.
As a doer, Han Yu threw himself into the Ancient Literature Movement, which was very different from his predecessors who "just talked and did not practice". He advocated "civilizing the Tao", learning the prose style of the ancients, proposing that "words must come out of their own", not to imitate and copy ancient texts, but to find the "Tao" in it.
The so-called "Tao" refers to the moral cultivation and personality spirit in Mencius' teachings. Han Yu believes that the merits of the article are determined by the fulfillment of the "qi" of the individual's inner spirit. If the personality is noble and the interest is full, the article will naturally appear.
He shouted "if things are not flat, it sounds", he emphasized the innovation of language and the individualization of style, as well as the importance of inner emotions flowing in prose.
The Guwen Movement was a great success, on the one hand, the Anshi Chaos plunged the tang dynasty literary circles into a trough, and countless literati expected young talents to raise the banner of the literary world; on the other hand, Han Yu not only put forward the theoretical basis, but also published a large number of excellent examples, and gathered a group of high-quality prose writers, forming a strong literary trend.
Yu Qiuyu made a high evaluation of Han Yu in "Chinese Context": "I did a big thing to turn the tide, changed the style of a generation, and cleaned up the Chinese context."
As a contemporary writer, aesthetician, historian and explorer, Mr. Yu Qiuyu proposed a new concept of "Chinese context", which refers to "the highest level of life undercurrent in the development of Chinese literature for thousands of years". Taste determines the hierarchy, and the hierarchy constitutes the context.
Chinese culture has a long history, and the works left over thousands of years are as many as the stars in the sky. Coupled with the rise of online literature, a literary explosion for a time, a large number of works flooded the market, and random flowers gradually became charming. In the face of this situation, Yu Qiuyu sighed, "The context is hidden, the small peak is called a hill; the healthy wings are far away, and the residual feathers are full of peng." As a contemporary person, the time and energy of reading are limited, and it is bound to need to be identified and selectively read.
Yu Qiuyu read thousands of books to spy on history, walked thousands of miles to measure history, and wrote thousands of words to interpret history. He has a high degree of appreciation, bold trade-offs, and after some rigorous consideration, he has sorted out the context system of thousands of years.
Han's increasing "Ancient Literature Movement" is just one of the fragments, where is more Chinese context flowing?
The answer is in the book.
At the same time, I recommend the four books of "Chinese Context", "Cultural Journey", "A Thousand Years of Sighing", and "Walkers Without Frontiers". Many middle school Chinese teachers will also recommend these books by Yu Qiuyu.
Because Yu Qiuyu's prose structure is clear, the text is atmospheric, and the language is rich, it is very suitable for high school students to imitate, and if this writing feature can be skillfully used in the college entrance examination essay in recent years, it will increase the recognition of the article And it is easy to get a high score in the composition.
At the same time, Yu Qiuyu's works are not only close to China's history and culture, but also revitalize the cultural self-confidence of Chinese, with a unique sense of life and humanistic spirit.
Therefore, in this set of books, everyone can follow Yu Qiuyu to explore China's historical and cultural heritage, and also find and explore the direction of China's cultural context, and travel the world's civilization relics and humanistic customs with his footprints.
Poetry Man [Grinding Iron] Authorized Straight Hair Cultural Journey + Millennium Sigh + Walker Without Frontiers A full set of 4 volumes ¥138 Purchase
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