In 1931, a huge bad news spread all over the country -- Mr. Cai Hesen, an outstanding party member of our party and a comrade who was known as Chairman Mao's "double hero", was brutalized by the Kuomintang and had lost his life!
When the staff reported the matter, Chairman Mao was working at the desk, and the next second, the chairman's pen slipped from his hand, and he sighed with a complicated look: "What a Communist Party member should do, he has done!" ”
The phrase "do what a party member should do" is one of the highest commendations given by the chairman to party members, and it is also an honor that party members have wanted to get all their lives, including even many outstanding central cadres. From here, we can also see the greatness of Mr. Cai and Sen.
So, what kind of contribution did Mr. Cai and Sen make to make Chairman Mao respect him so much that he could say these words?
Pictured| Cai and Sen
Mr. Cai Hesen was born in 1895, the character Runhuan, the scientific name Cai Linbin, is a native of Yongfeng Town, Shuangfeng County, Hunan Province. When my grandfather was alive, the Cai family had more than sixty acres of good land, and also opened a small shop in Yongfeng Town, living a rich and happy life, and was considered a small rich family. However, after the death of his grandfather, the Cai family began to decline.
When his grandfather died, Cai's father had also been allocated several acres of good land, but by the time Cai and Sen were born, the Cai family had completely declined. At that time, Father Cai was still a little motivated, and seeing that life at home could not continue, he found a relationship and sought a small position in the General Manufacturing Bureau of Jiangnan in Shanghai.
Perhaps heaven was destined to let Cai and Sen undergo tempering, just when the Cai family was about to enter the right track and live a good life again, the British transported opium to China and opened many opium houses in the country. Father Cai's will was not strong, and he was soon lost in his mind. Under the temptation of opium, Father Cai gradually took a detour, and in order to smoke a few more cigarettes, he spent all the money in the family! In this case, the later life of the Cai family can only be maintained by Cai's mother and several sisters.
By the time Cai he sen was 4 years old, Cai's mother finally could no longer stand what Cai's father did, she gave up continuing to follow her husband, and returned to her hometown with all her children, looking forward to being able to fight again and let the children live a good life.
But the day did not go according to people's wishes, soon after they went back, Cai Father also ran back, there was no way, the family had to spend a few savings, bought the Shuangfeng County Tichot Town Yang Qiu's Guangjia Hall, and settled down ever since.
Picture | the former residence of the Cai family
In 1908, forced by poverty, the family moved housewarming again and moved back to their hometown of Yongfeng Town. Soon after, 13-year-old Cai Hesen was sent by his family to work as an apprentice at Cai Guangxiang's hot sauce shop in the hope of having a good life.
The apprentices of the old era were very bad, they had to do a lot of work every day, and the masters were not happy, and they would beat and scold them at will, so Cai and Sen suffered from class oppression. After the completion of the three-year apprenticeship, Cai and Sen could no longer bear such a life, and he told his mother that he wanted to enter the academy, study hard, and achieve a big career in the future.
Cai's mother felt sorry for her son, and after weighing the pros and cons, she finally sent him to the school and went to the third grade of Yongfeng National Primary School. After understanding the hardships of life, Cai and Sen read the book very seriously, and it took only one semester to cross the level and be admitted to Twin Peaks Higher Primary School.
When Cai he and Sen were studying at Twin Peaks High School, coinciding with the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, the Nanjing government, driven by the revolutionary wave, called for all Chinese to cut their braids. Although Cai and Sen had not yet been exposed to the revolution at that time, when the news reached the school, he empathetically cut off his long braids. With him as a "pioneer", many students in the school also cut their braids and actively supported Dr. Sun Yat-sen's ideas.
In 1913, Cai Hesen was admitted to the Provincial First Normal School with excellent results. By the following year, from the Fourth Normal School to the First Normal School, Mao Zedong also became classmates with Cai Hesen. After a period of time together, they grew closer and closer with the same revolutionary ideals and patriotic ideas.
There was a foothold called Junziting in the First Normal School, where Cai Hesen and Chairman Mao often discussed issues such as how to behave in the world and recent thinking. Slowly, the relationship between two equally outstanding young people gradually became closer, and finally the two became close friends and opened a new chapter in their lives.
In April 1915, Hunan Higher Normal School established the College of Literature, in order to make students get better cultivation, the school hired Yang Huaizhong, Xu Teli and other outstanding teachers to teach. Cai and Sen have always had a strong interest in literature and history, and after receiving the news, Cai and Sen jumped to Hunan Higher Normal School to study literature and history.
At this time, there was another great social upheaval – the magazine "New Youth" edited by Mr. Chen Duxiu had been published in Beijing. The magazine transmitted revolutionary new ideas and new social culture to the public, vigorously attacked the dark side of the current society, and made every teenager think about the current situation in China. Cai and Sen also came into contact with the magazine and have since gained a new understanding of the word democracy.
Pictured| Chen Duxiu
In June 1917, Cai Hesen graduated from the Hunan Higher Normal School, and unlike other students, after graduation, he did not return home immediately, but chose to stay in Hunan and temporarily live with Chairman Mao in Yang Huaizhong's home, continue to explore the road to rejuvenating China with his husband, and prepare to organize a revolutionary group.
In the second half of 1917, Cai Hesen persuaded his mother to move the whole family to Liu Jiataizi in Rongwan Town, Yuelu Mountain, and since then, the Cai family has also become a stronghold for Cai Hesen and a number of patriotic classmates to speak freely and discuss the future, including Chairman Mao, Zhang Kundi, Luo Xuezhan and others.
After a long discussion, everyone came to a conclusion: if you want to transform society and revive China, it is far from enough to rely on the strength of a few of them, we must organize a strong group to absorb more like-minded comrades!
Therefore, on April 14, 1918, everyone gathered at the home of Cai Hesen, where the Xinmin Society was officially announced.
On June 23, 1918, in order to make the society better develop, Mr. Cai Hesen was entrusted by the society to go to Beijing to plan the students' study in France. It happened that Yang Huaizhong was teaching at Peking University, and through his recommendation, Cai he sen found the Society of Studying In France and Thrift and contacted the relevant person in charge.
During this period, Cai and Sen met with Mr. Cai Yuanpei and Mr. Li Dazhao, and through talking with the two gentlemen, Cai and Sen gained a deeper understanding of the revolution, and he wrote to Chairman Mao:
"Considering only the general utilitarian interests, not counting the interests of the small, Mo Zhai advocated it, and Lenin of Russia recently was quite capable of doing it, and the brother wished to do it."
On December 25, 1919, Cai Hesen and Xiang Jingyu boarded a French steamship together and began their journey to Study in France.
Figure | to the police
After 35 days of sea routes, Cai and Sen and his party finally arrived in Marseille, France, and on February 2, 1920, Cai and Sen were admitted to the Montagny Boys' High School for further study.
Cai Hesen was a genius, and according to his own skills, with only a Hokke dictionary, in less than half a year, he had read hundreds of books on various new ideas, including Marxist works.
Because there were too many uncertainties in Chinese society at that time, after each international student went abroad to come into contact with new ideas, there would always be some ideological differences, in order to unite most of the young people studying in France, Cai Hesen, after consulting with Xiang Jingyu and Li Weihan, decided to hold a party, inviting 13 members of the Xinmin Society located in France to come and participate, and talk about major issues such as how to transform China and the world.
In July 1920, the comrades of the Xinmin Society arrived in Montani one after another, and in a classroom of the Mundani Public School, a meeting lasted for several days. At the meeting, Cai and Sen made speeches on relevant issues, and his ideas were unanimously praised by everyone.
On August 13 and September 16, after the meeting, Cai and Sen wrote two letters to Chairman Mao in China, the content of which was his views on the revolution. From December 1920 to January 1921, Chairman Mao wrote a reply to Cai Hesen, in which Chairman Mao clearly stated: "The insight in your letter is extremely appropriate, and I agree with every word." Immediately after, he told Cai Hesen: "The matter of forming the Communist Party of China, Mr. Chen Zhongfu (that is, Chen Duxiu) and others are secretly planning. ”
Pictured| Chairman Mao
In order to win more students studying in France to believe in Marxism, after the Montani Conference, Cai Hesen began to publicize his ideas and ideas to the members of the "Engineering World Society" and held a meeting to deliver a speech on "How to Save China". Under his efforts, more and more people noticed this new idea and became interested in it, and before long, the "Engineering World Society" expanded to more than thirty people, and began to gradually show its great power to the outside world.
In addition to propagating Marxist ideas, During the more than a year of studying in France, Cai and Sen have been actively engaged in the tasks assigned by the organization. In July 1921, Cai and Sen met with members of the Engineering World Society to discuss the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party. After some conspiracy, soon after, he organized the party-building activities in France, and the European branch of the Communist Youth League of China was established, and Zhou Enlai served as the secretary of the general branch.
At the same time, the Chinese Communist Party was proclaimed in Shanghai, and the Hunan Communist Group appointed Chairman Mao and He Shuheng to participate in the "First Congress." Unfortunately, the French branch did not send representatives to the meeting because it had not received the news. Later, Chairman Mao said to people around him on this matter: "In France, many compatriots studying abroad have also established the Communist Party of China, almost together with domestic organizations, and the founders there are Zhou Enlai, Xiang Jingyu and Li Sanli, of which Xiang Jingyu is the wife of Cai Hesen and the only female founder of the party, Andromed (Li Weihan) and Cai Hesen are also one of the founders of the French branch. ”
While organizing the establishment of the party in France, Cai and Sen also launched a number of revolutionary struggles. At that time, students who studied in School always encountered various problems, and when they wanted to seek help from Huafa Education, they not only would not help solve it, but even make it difficult and exclude students. Under these circumstances, in order to protect the rights and interests of international students, Comrades Cai Hesen and Wang Ruofei carried out struggle activities with the Beiyang Government and the Chinese Law Education Association embassy in France, and the problems in the lives of international students were thus solved.
In the autumn of that year, in the name of work-study, the Beiyang Government Legation in France, together with the French authorities, raised a large amount of donations from caring people in European countries to create the "Sino-French University of Lyon". In the announcement of this university, the school leaders have made it clear that they are willing to recruit some work-study students, but after the school opened, Cai Hesen and others found that it was full of rich children in China.
Such a shameless act aroused the resentment of the children of the students studying abroad, so Cai Hesen and Zhou Enlai launched a "University of Cham Lyon" struggle in France. In September, Comrade Cai Hesen led more than 100 international students to break into the university building of the Sino-French University of Lyon and stayed in it. The legation in France was outraged by this and demanded that the French authorities arrest and imprison the Chinese students.
Soon, more than three hundred French policemen carried guns and arrested all the students, including Cai and Sen. In early October, students went on a hunger strike to resolutely resist the atrocities committed by the Chinese legation in France and the French authorities. On October 18, the French authorities labeled all students as "disturbing the peace" and arbitrarily escorted them on ships and forcibly repatriated them to China. In November, after Cai and Sen returned to China, Chen Duxiu, then general secretary, personally introduced him to the party and engaged in leadership work in the party central committee.
In 1922, while serving as the central leader, Cai he and Sen did not forget to pay close attention to the work of socialist youth groups. At that time, the Provisional Central Bureau of the Youth League had been established, and Mr. Cai Hesen often went to its office to guide the work of the comrades of the Youth League. In May of the same year, the organization handed over the herald, an organ newspaper, to his editor-in-chief.
In July of that year, the second national congress was organized, and according to the opinions of the members, Cai Hesen, who had worked hard and made great achievements, was elected as a member of the Central Committee. Shortly thereafter, the organ newspaper "Guide" was also handed over to him.
Since the inception of "Guide" and then discontinued in 1927, Mr. Cai Hesen has always occupied the position of editor-in-chief, he has worked tirelessly and painstakingly to contribute to the "Guide" group, and there are 130 articles just signed "Hesen".
Figure | "Wizard"
The achievements of the Guide did not disappoint his expectations, and during those difficult years, the weekly circulation of the Guide was as high as 100,000 copies, and readers called the Guide "the teacher of the National Revolution" and "the vanguard of the Red Guards of the Forty Million Compatriots Who Suffered at the Feet of Bandits at Home and Abroad.".
In the second half of 1922, Cai Hesen and Comrade Xiang Jingyu established a civilian girls' school in Shanghai, where he personally taught the History of Social Evolution in front of many students.
In 1925, the "May Thirtieth" Movement broke out in Shanghai, which shocked China and foreign countries, and after receiving the news, Cai hesen immediately saw the significance of this movement and quickly pushed the struggle to the whole country. Soon, the movement spread to Guangzhou, Hong Kong and other regions.
At the end of 1925, Cai Hesen delivered a speech on "The Development of the History of the Communist Party of China" at sun yat-sen University in Moscow, expounding in detail to the participants the various experiences of the Communist Party of China since the founding of the party, and comprehensively analyzing the core tasks of the party, the revolutionary nature of the party, and the role played by various classes. He explicitly pointed out that the "leading class of the revolution" was the proletariat and the peasant friends were the "allies of the working class".
In 1927, the Chinese revolutionary movement was pushed to a climax, and the Comintern sent Comrade Cai Hesen back to China and participated in the leadership of the Chinese revolution. On April 1, the head of the Hunan Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang held a grand welcome event for Comrade Cai Hesen while he was passing through Changsha. At the event, Cai and Sen were invited to the stage to give a speech, which was also published in Hunan Minbao on April 2.
In his speech, Comrade Cai Hesen stressed: "In the development of the revolution today, the primary task is to pay attention to the problem of the agricultural movement, which is also the fundamental problem of the revolution. ”
Finally, he also expressed his opinion on the Kuomintang issue; although he was currently in the stage of kuomintang-communist cooperation, he was also keenly aware that the right-wing figures of the Kuomintang, including Chiang Kai-shek, had bad ideas about the Communist Party of China, so he reminded the revolutionaries not to "sacrifice the interests of the peasants for the sake of the rightists."
This article has great guiding significance, and like Chairman Mao's "Report on the Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan" written thereafter, it has had a profound impact on the peasant movement in Hunan.
Picture | the great leader Chairman Mao
Regrettably, the long-term fatigue has dragged down Cai Hesen's body, and his asthma has become more and more serious, and finally even affected his life! Under these circumstances, in order to preserve the health of Comrade Cai Hesen, the organization could only send him to Moscow for recuperation.
Cai and Sen therefore stayed in Moscow for more than a year, and when their health improved, they immediately contacted the central authorities and asked to return to China to work. After receiving the letter, the members of the Central Committee were very happy, and soon after, the leaders sent him to Hong Kong to serve as the secretary of the Liangguang Provincial Party Committee. At this time, what they didn't know was that it was this appointment that laid the groundwork for the murder of Cai and Sen!
In 1931, Gu Shunzhang, the actual head of the Central Special Branch, was arrested by the Kuomintang in Hankou, and under the coercion and inducement of the reactionaries, Gu Shunzhang finally abandoned his revolutionary ideals and became a complete traitor.
In order to suffer less, Gu Shunzhang also personally explained to the Kuomintang the location of the central organ of the CPC in Shanghai, in addition, he also offered to assist the Kuomintang and wipe out the underground party comrades!
With Gu Shunzhang, the criminal traitor, the Kuomintang's actions became much easier, and a large number of party members and comrades in our party were persecuted for this, including Cai and Sen!
In order not to affect his "meritorious service", Gu Shunzhang asked the Kuomintang not to send telegrams to Chiang Kai-shek, knowing that underground party members had infiltrated Chiang Kai-shek's side, and once the news came out, his plan would easily be discovered. However, in order to grab credit, Cai Mengjian, who was responsible for the arrest operation, still sent several telegrams to Chen Lifu and others.
Just as Gu Shunzhang guessed, these telegrams were discovered by Comrade Qian Zhuangfei, a party member, and looking at the telegrams in his hand, Qian Zhuangfei's face turned pale; he understood the importance of this matter to our party, and in order to spread the news as soon as possible, Qian Zhuangfei immediately found Li Kenong and passed on the information to Zhou Enlai regardless of his personal safety.
Figure | Gu Shunzhang
Within two days, Zhou Enlai secretly transferred more than 200 comrades from the shanghai government stronghold to avoid further losses to our party.
After understanding that Shanghai could no longer make trouble, Gu Shunzhang still did not give up continuing to do chaos, and not long after, he came to Hong Kong under the escort of the Kuomintang and prepared to do a "big cause" here!
On June 10, 1931, a major conference was held in Hong Kong, and Cai Hesen, as the political commissar of the two guangdong provinces, also received an invitation.
At this time, the information of Gu Shunzhang's arrival in Hong Kong has been spread among party members and comrades, in order to ensure the personal safety of Cai Hesen, the staff have advised him not to go, but Cai Hesen has never been able to put his mind at ease, after some consideration, he still decided to go to the venue at noon on this day.
Before leaving, Cai and Sen told their wives: "I will definitely come back at one o'clock in the afternoon, and if you don't see me, it proves that I have been arrested." ”
Things really developed as everyone guessed, and at noon that day, Cai and Sen had just arrived at the venue, and they were caught by Gu Shunzhang, who had been observing in the dark for a long time, and Cai and Sen were imprisoned.
After Cai hesen was arrested, the Party Central Committee quickly organized rescue, but unfortunately the Kuomintang had already escorted him to the Guangzhou Military and Political Prison and secretly detained him, and the people did not find a good opportunity to rescue them, and could only temporarily retreat.
In the prison of the Kuomintang, the Kuomintang reactionaries used countless cruel torture methods against Cai Hesen, hoping that he would agree to join them like Gu Shunzhang, but Cai Hesen was not a person who could not bear hardships, he was determined, and no matter how much the Kuomintang people tortured them, he did not confide any information about our Party to them.
In August 1931, the Kuomintang, who had spent a long time but still could not get information from Cai and Sen, fell into a complete madness. Driven by the evil heart, they actually nailed Cai and Sen's limbs to the wall, gouge out the eyes of the husband, cut off both ears, and finally, the executioner plunged the sharp knife into his chest, he twisted left and right, the flesh and blood blurred, and lost his life on the spot, only 36 years old.
After this news came out, the people of the whole country wept bitterly, and when Chairman Mao heard this, he sighed with a complicated look: "What a Communist Party member should do, he has done!" ”
Before joining the Communist Party of China, every party member knew the risks to be endured, and from the moment they joined the party, they had to put life and death aside, even if they encountered more tribulations, they had to consider the people and always stand in the forefront of the people.
The reason why China has today's glory is inseparable from countless party members like Cai and Sen, who sacrificed their lives and forgot their deaths for the revolutionary cause and paid tribute to them!