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"When the heavens and the earth are all working together, the heroes are not free." This poem was used by Chairman Mao to evaluate Xiao Yan, the Emperor of Liangwu.
In 1967, Chairman Mao quoted the poem again when commenting on other issues.
This poem is from the Tang Dynasty poet Luo Yin's "ChipPing Pen Yi":
Abandoning Nanyang as the main worry, the Northern Expedition to the East has made every good plan.
When the heavens and the earth work together, the heroes are not free.
The Thousand Mile Mountain River is light, and the two dynasties crown swords hate Zhou.
Only the amorous water under the remaining rocks, like a year-round flow.
"When the heavens and the earth work together, the heroes are not free." It is the finishing touch of the whole poem.
Chairman Mao liked the poem so much that when he read it, he drew circles around the title and the end of each sentence, and wrote the poem by hand, leaving two handwritings.
Chairman Mao was a great materialist, but he quoted this verse lamenting the fortunes of the times many times, which shows that he has a different general evaluation of this poem and its author. In fact, the poet who chairman Mao circled the most was neither Li Bai nor Du Fu, but Luo Yin, and Chairman Mao circled more than ninety of his poems.
Luo Yin, formerly known as Luo Heng (羅横), was a native of Qiantang at the end of the Tang Dynasty, or a native of Hangzhou today. Luo Yin was the top poet of the late Tang Dynasty, and at that time it could be said that he was famous all over the world. Because of his extremely high achievements in poetry, Xin Wenfang, a literary scholar from the Western Regions of the Yuan Dynasty, included him in the "Biography of Tang Caizi", calling him "less alert, good at poetry, and especially handsome in poetry".
However, such a great talent, his life is full of hardships and ups and downs, spent most of his life in depression and resentment, and did not win a turnaround until his old age.
Luo Yin was born in a family of official eunuchs, and his great-grandfather Luo Zhiwei and his grandfather Luo Zhiwei had all entered the imperial court, but they were all officials but not county orders, so Luo Yin's life was not prominent.
When Luo Yin was a teenager, he was "famous in the world", and was highly respected by the world, and he himself was full of ambition and ambition, ready to win fame through the examination and do a career.
In the thirteenth year of da zhong (859 AD), the 26-year-old Luo Yin went to the capital Chang'an for the first time to take the entrance examination, but he was poured a basin of cold water on his head, and his name fell on Sun Mountain, and he returned home.
Although the teacher was unfavorable, Luo Yin was not discouraged, and he continued to take the exam for seven years, but he was not on the list. Later, I took the exam intermittently for several years, taking the exam a dozen times in total, claiming to be "twelve or thirteen years to try", but each time it was a gloomy return, and the embarrassing result of "ten is not the first".
The reason why Luo Yin has repeatedly lost battles in the field of science is not that he cannot learn, but that his personality is incompatible with the world, and his articles, the language is spicy, and the words are sharp, pointing directly to the shortcomings of the world. Chinese society has always paid attention to harmony and moderation, Luo Yin's style is a big taboo, and the examiners are all old traitors and giants who have been killed from the deceit of the officialdom, they are like a pool of muddy waters, people do not know the depth, but also difficult to distinguish, they can not tolerate Luo Yin such a clear and upright student, how can he stand out in the palm of these people?
Luo Yin, who suffered continuous setbacks, became more and more arrogant in anger, and after he failed to hit for the tenth time, he changed his original name to Luo Yin in a fit of anger. A brash man who was ready to rely on his amazing talent to run rampant in the world was tortured to the point of obscurity and planned to hide in the world. One of his poems, "Self-Dispatch", best reflects the extreme pain and helplessness in his heart, in which he writes: "To get is to sing high and lose is to rest, and to be sentimental and hateful is also leisurely." There is wine in this day and drunk in this day, and tomorrow is sad and tomorrow is sad. ”
Luo Yin is not the kind of maniac who does not understand the world and does not know how to advance or retreat, he is familiar with social rules and has a good view of the ecology of the officialdom. He wrote in a poem about parrots: "Advise the king not to distinguish between words, but to speak clearly and turn difficulties." ”
However, what is valuable is that he knows this, but he never returns, never changes his mind, and therefore has not been accepted by the officialdom.
Every winter, the dignitaries look forward to snow and heavy snow, and they can take advantage of the good omen of the Snow Mega Year to drink in the furnace and enjoy the snow and poetry. However, Luo Yin wrote in his poem "Snow": "If you do your best to be rich in the years, what about the good years?" There are poor people in Chang'an, so there should not be more for Rui!" Sweeping away the yaxing of the masters at once, how can it not be hated?
Tang Zhaozong liked to watch monkeys, so he sealed the official position of "Sun Offering" to the monkey tricksters, and also gave him the Zhu Fu that only officials could wear. After Luo Yin heard about this, he angrily waved his pen and wrote "Feeling the Monkey Man Give Zhu Fu":
Twelve or three years on the trial period, the five lakes smoke moon nai contradictory.
How to buy Hu Sun Lane, laugh at the king and go.
Even the emperor dared to satirize that Luo Yin's career path naturally became a road that could never be followed.
Chairman Mao once said: "Sima Qian's "Records of officials" and Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" were not written because of the cost of the manuscript and the royalties, nor were the "Dream of the Red Chamber" and "The Tale of the Water Margin" written because of the fee. These people wrote because they had a belly fire. And Luo Yin is writing poetry with "a belly fire", and Chairman Mao likes his poems, which may be the reason.
When Luo Yin, who had tried many times, was trapped in boundless bitterness and bitterness, a chance encounter with the deceased made him feel even more emotional, thus leaving behind a masterpiece that has been handed down to the world - "Answering Yunying's Seeing" also known as "Gifting Prostitute Yunying".
The "Biography of Tang Caizi" describes this encounter in this way: on the day of the first visit, he sat with the prostitute Yunying at the ZhongLing Feast. After the first century, xiadi, and then through the Bell Tomb, Fu met Yunying. Yun Ying caressed his palm and said, "Luo Xiucai has not yet come out of his innocence." ”
When Luo Yin was on his way to Chang'an to catch the exam, he met yunying, a prostitute, at a banquet at Zhong Ling. 12 years later, Luo Yin once again fell behind, and on the way back, he met Yunying again at ZhongLing. After the two met, Fang knew that Yunying was still a person in the wind and dust, and Yunying also clapped his hands and ridiculed Luo Yin: "It turns out that Luo Xiucai is still a white Ding!" Luo Yin immediately wrote a poem in return. In the Biography of Tang Caizi, it is written: "Although there is inner shame, he also mocks it: 'Zhong Ling was drunk and bid farewell to more than ten springs, and saw Yunying's palm again.' I am not famous and unmarried, and I may be inferior. ’”
Luo Yin and Yunying laughed at each other, seemingly making jokes easily, but behind this kind of joke was indescribable bitterness, laughing and laughing, and tears would fall.
In ancient times, the imperial examination has always been a road full of hardships, whether it can succeed, often not necessarily related to talent, like Du Fu, Li Shangyin, Meng Jiao and other people the road to the imperial examination is not smooth, either repeatedly failed to succeed or in the old age to jump through the dragon gate. However, the heavens seemed to be particularly unfair to Luo Yin, and while giving him excellent poetic talent, they also imposed an ugly appearance on him. Comparatively speaking, Li Shangyin, who was born in poverty, although he was also miserable all the way, he was able to go to high school because of the favor of the magnate Ling Huchu, and because of his talent, he became the son-in-law of Wang Maoyuan, the envoy of Jingyuan Jiedu, and finally found an official and a half-job. Although Luo Yin was also appreciated by the prime minister Zheng Bi and loved by his beautiful daughter because of his outstanding talent, in the end, he did not have the opportunity to sleep in the east bed because of his ugly appearance.
After Zheng Bi's daughter read Luo Yin's poem "Zhang Huachen came out of Rudan, not as good as Liu Hou's paper book", she liked it to the point and secretly had a crush on this talented man she had never met, and from then on she wanted to see him.
However, when her father brought Luo Yin to the mansion, Miss Zheng, who was hiding behind the beaded curtain, was greatly disappointed at first sight, not only did she no longer like him as a person, but also hurt the pond fish, and never read his poetry again. The "Old Five Dynasties History, Liang Shu, Luo Yin Biography" records: "The young daughter of Qi had a literary nature, tasted the hidden poems, satirized endlessly, and suspected that her daughter had the meaning of Mu Cai. One day, hidden to the first, Zheng Nu hung the curtain and peeped at it, and she would never sing her poems. ”
Although Luo Yin was not smooth in the examination and was difficult to be accepted by the officialdom, these were all political reasons, leaving aside this point, the Tang Dynasty was after all an era of brilliant culture, poetry was prevalent in society, and the officials of the Tang Dynasty, whether they were literate or martial, had a high cultural and artistic accomplishment, knew how to appreciate poetry, and Luo Yin's works made many high-ranking officials at that time fall for it. The powerful Wei Bo jiedushi made Luo Shaowei and Luo Yin climb up to the same page, recognized him as his uncle, and wrote a collection of poems modeled on Luo Yin's style, called "Stealing Jiangdong Collection", which means that the poems that stole Luo Yin's creativity were stolen.
Wang Shifan, the envoy of Pinglu Jiedushi, often sent people to send letters and property to Luo Yin, begging him to give poems, and when he finally got it, he repeatedly admired and pondered, and loved it.
Luo Yin had a friend who won the Jinshi, Luo Yin wrote a poem to congratulate him, but the friend's father said: "My son and the first I am not happy, and I am happy to get a poem from Luo Gong." It can be seen that Luo Yin's poetry at that time was famous.
Luo Yin not only had excellent poetry, but also had high prose achievements, and satirical prose was a must at the time. During his long time in Chang'an, he wrote a collection of essays, the Book of Rumors, with the aim of "warning the world and guarding against the future". He used sharp brushstrokes to satirize the shortcomings of the times, and he was famous all over the world for a while, but because of this, the officials in the system became more disgusted and disgusted with him, and the result was that "although the book of rumors is better than a hugh", his path to the imperial examination is even less hopeful. Luo Yin himself said: "Others write books as proud and rich, but their own books are humiliated by them, and they are poor because of them, and they only slander themselves, because they think of themselves." ”
Lu Xun, who also used satirical essays as daggers and gunshots, also greatly appreciated luo Yin's critical spirit and satirical art of essays, and he commented on the late Tang essays in the article "The Crisis of Essays": "The poetic style of the late Tang Dynasty declined, and the sketches shone with brilliance. But Luo Yin's "Book of Rumors" is almost all about resistance and indignation. ”
Although Luo Yin spent most of his life in the Tang Dynasty, Shangcang finally did not waste his talents and learning, and in his later years, he finally met his own Bole, Wuyue Wang Qianwei.
Luo Yin, who had a life of unmotivated ambition, witnessed the overthrow of the Tang Dynasty in his later years, and he was already old, so he returned to his hometown of Hangzhou and prepared for this remnant. Unexpectedly, The Wuyue King Qian Wei greatly appreciated his poetic qualities and entrusted him with heavy responsibilities, and Luo Yin finally stepped into his career, and he was already 55 years old. After that, he successively held the posts of Qiantang Ling, Si Xun Lang Zhong, and Zhi Shi Zhong, until he died at the age of 77.
When Luo Yin was in Wuyue, the warlord Zhu Wen, who had usurped The Tang Dynasty, also summoned him with the official position of Right Counselor, but Luo Yin categorically refused. He also suggested that Qian Hao go on a crusade against Hou Zhu Wen and eliminate this traitor of the Tang Dynasty. He said: "Wang is a minister of the Tang Dynasty, and it is indispensable to send troops to the Northern Expedition, even if he cannot succeed, he can still keep the land of Hangzhou Yuezhou and call him the emperor in the east." How can you go north and be a humiliating person? Qian Hao originally thought that Luo Yin had been suppressed by the Tang Dynasty for a long time, and his heart was bound to be full of resentment towards the Tang Dynasty, but he did not expect that he put great righteousness first, regardless of personal gains and losses, and admired his character even more.
Before Luo Yin died, Qian Wei personally visited luo Yin, looking at Luo Yin at the time of his death, he burst into tears and said sadly: "The Yellow River Letter has a clarification day, and it will be difficult for future generations to continue this talent." This is the highest evaluation of a talented man by a king.
Qian Wei was a rare ming emperor in history who sympathized with the people, Chairman Mao was a great man and leader of the people throughout the ages, and Luo Yin's moral articles could be highly affirmed and appreciated by them, which shows that his achievements are high enough to be famous in history.
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