Zhang Hanzhi is the adopted daughter of the famous democrat Zhang Shizhao, who graduated from the Graduate School of English of Beijing Foreign Chinese College in 1960 and taught at the Beijing Foreign Chinese College. From 1963 to 1964, she was invited by Chairman Mao to teach Chairman Mao to learn English, and Chairman Mao affectionately called her "My Teacher Zhang."
Between June and July 1966, Zhang Hanzhi could not understand many phenomena and wrote a letter to Chairman Mao asking to see him. Chairman Mao did not see her and asked the secretary to call to convey his words:
"The Chairman said it was not convenient for him to see you now. He wants you to see the world through the storms. He also said, 'Today there is wine, today is drunk, tomorrow is worried, tomorrow is sad.' I want you to take care of yourself and wait for him to be free before meeting. ”
Chairman Mao used to exhort Zhang Hanzhi's poem, "Today there is wine, today is drunk, tomorrow is worried about tomorrow", from the famous late Tang Dynasty poet Luo Yin's "Self-Dispatch":
Gain is to sing and lose, sentimentality and hatred are also leisurely.
There is wine in this day and drunk in this day, and tomorrow is sad and tomorrow is sad.
Chairman Mao received Zhang Hanzhi
Chairman Mao was very fond of Luo Yin's poems. In the collection of Chairman Mao's former residence in Zhongnanhai, there are two collections of Luo Yin's poems, "Luo Zhaozhi Collection" and "Jia Yi Collection", many of which have been densely circled by Chairman Mao.
Luo Yin (833-909), courtesy name Zhaozhi, was a native of Xincheng (新登镇, In present-day Fuyang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province), a poet and thinker during the Five Dynasties of the late Tang Dynasty. The Biography of Tang Caizi Luo Yin says that he was "young and sensitive, good at literature, and written in poetry."
Luo Yin began to take the imperial examination in the sixth year of Tang Xuanzong's junior high school (852). Since then, the imperial examination system has become increasingly corrupt, because Emperor Xuanzong lifted the restrictions on the entry of high-ranking officials' sons and daughters into the ranks, and most of the branches were controlled by powerful families. For example, in the eighth year of middle school, Cui Yao knew the tribute, "to be noble to be self-assured, not afraid of external discussion, to be listed, and to lead all the sons of power and power." In the tenth and twelfth years of the middle school, Emperor Xuanzong's son-in-law Zheng Haogongju took the "rate of more anointed sons and daughters, and the age of Pingjin was less than three people".
After Emperor Yizong of Tang's Xiantong, the phenomenon of powerful ministers interfering with the imperial examination increased unabated, and only when the Han people climbed the ranks of the powerful could they have the hope of reaching the first place. For example, Wu Gui, who was born in the cold door, was able to get the first place because he became acquainted with Ling Hulu, the son of The Right Minister, Ling Hulu, "entered and exited the Chu family". The vicious expansion of the power of eunuchs and feudal towns, and the control of tributes, were also an important factor in the darkness of the late Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang, Yin Wengui, a native of Qingyang, Chizhou, was still on the list because he "brought the recommendation of The King of Liang (Zhu Quanzhong) and the first". In this social atmosphere, if you want to pass the examination for the ranks, the citation recommendation of the powerful is crucial.
However, Luo Yin, who is upright by nature, is good at talking about the right and wrong of people, and it is inevitable that "disasters will come out of the mouth" and offend the powerful. The Northern Dream Trivia records:
After the Huangchao Rebellion was put down, some ministers of the imperial court discussed the idea of summoning Luo Yin to become an official in the imperial court. At this time, a courtier named Wei Yifan stood up and stopped: "I was in the same boat with Luo Yin, and I didn't know each other, and the boat people said to Luo Yin: 'There are officials on the boat. Luo Yin sneered, "What kind of court official, I can beat them several times with my foot clip pen." If he were to be made an official in the court, wouldn't all of us become chaff and chaff ? Wei Yifan's words really played a role, so the court did not recruit Luo Yin.
Luo Yin likes to write poems satirizing the emperor and current affairs, which is the main reason for his fall. The Chronicle of Tang Poetry records: "When Emperor Zhaozong wanted to deal with it with jiake, a minister said: 'Although cain has talent, it is easy.'" The Ming Emperor's holiness was ridiculed. How can you avoid Ling Shuo? The emperor asked the words of slander, and said: There is a poem cloud of "Huaqing Guan": "The building hall has many layers of good atmosphere, and the new century season is a good song." I also know that Desheng Yao Shun, Consort Yang Fei laughed at what? ’”
After Tang Zhaozong heard this, he was very angry: bold Luo Yin actually mocked Tang Xuanzong Li Longji so much! So I dismissed the idea of hiring him.
From Luo Yin's own point of view, his ugly appearance affected the admission. He once laughed at himself for looking like a "monkey": "I have not been ashamed of my face, but I just hate the head." The daughter of Prime Minister Zheng Bi even did not sing his poems because of Luo Yin's ugly appearance. In the feudal era, people were judged by their appearance, and they paid great attention to the appearance of the new section of the jinshi.
With so many unfavorable factors superimposed, it is inevitable that Luo Yinke's examination will be repeatedly failed.
The "Wu Yue Bei Shi Luo Yin Biography" says: "The name of the hidden book is horizontal, and where the ten are not the first, the name is changed." The "Spring and Autumn of the Ten Kingdoms, Luo Yin's Biography" also says: "Luo Yinfan's ten upper ten are not in the first place, so he changed his name to this day." ”
In the seven years that Luo Yin compiled the Book of Proverbs from the age of 28 to 35, he participated in six scientific expeditions. In the ninth year of Xiantong (868), he participated in the seventh scientific expedition. In the fourteenth year of Xiantong (873), the eighth scientific expedition failed. In the ninth year of Qianfu (874), the ninth scientific expedition fell to the first place. Between the ages of 45 and 46, he took the exam at least once.
Luo Yin spent most of his life in the imperial examination of "cold and hunger" and "watching people change", and the hardships and hardships in it can be imagined. He said in the Shonan Application Collection: "The end of the Hidden Great Middle is in the Tribute Book. Fate is thin and humble, and he himself is as far as Gengyin is concerned, for twelve years, to see how people change. ”
As a humble scholar, although Luo Yin was drawn to the imperial examination and constantly interfered, he was repeatedly named Sun Shan, "although the land is wide, people are not willing to use it." So he issued a helpless sigh of "if there are more lonely people like so-and-so, and there are fewer people who seem to be encountered by so-and-so."
In the dismal situation of repeated failures in scientific expeditions, Luo Yin wrote a number of "falling poems" that "hurt himself and embraced and sighed that he did not meet", and fought against the dark imperial examination system with his unique talent.
In the fifth year (864) of Emperor Yizong of Tang's Xiantong Dynasty, Luo Yin, who had fallen again, indignantly wrote a seven-word poem "Dong Gui Bei Chang Xiu":
Six years of hard work and nine strangers, but found the way back to the East of the Five Lakes.
The name is a green branch of the Guiyuan Garden, and the Songjiang River is red.
The floating world must be adaptable, why should the boy succeed.
Uncle Bao knows me very well, and he sails a hundred feet of wind every day.
At this time, it was his sixth year of participating in the scientific expedition, so the first sentence of the cloud was "six years of hard work and nine strangers". During the six years of hardship, the poet worked day and night, studying hard, and running between the streets of Chang'an in the capital for his livelihood, tasting the cold and warmth of the world. In the end, however, it is still "a green branch of the famous Guiyuan", and on the day of the release of the list, others folded the gui in the middle of the month, and the poet once again fell to sun mountain. The poet was so ashamed and ashamed that he moved the idea of returning to the Five Lakes and the Songjiang River. Years of nostalgia have not met, and everywhere has encountered walls, which has inspired the poet to shout angrily: "Why should a boy succeed?" This sentence fully reflects Luo Yinzhuo's unique personality of being uninhibited, free-spirited and self-righteous.
When Chairman Mao read Luo Yin's poetry collection, he added circles to each sentence of this poem, "Dong Gui Bei Bei Chang Xiu", and painted a large circle on the head of the sky, showing his love for this poem and sympathy for Luo Yin's repeated failures in scientific expeditions.
According to the scholar He Guangyuan of the Five Dynasties Period, volume VIII of the Records of the JianJing, Luo Yin repeatedly fell behind, and Liu Zan, a son of Liu Zan, expressed deep sympathy and gave him a shiyun:
Everyone is subservient, and I am the only one who is right.
Since it is difficult for the Lord to be enlightened, why not return to the green mountains.
Years of false erosion of snow sideburns, dust and sackcloth.
Those who have escaped fame since ancient times are still famous.
Luo Yin read his friend's gift poems, full of emotions, he finally realized from the fantasy of folding in the middle of the moon, so he made up his mind, resolutely, returned to the Five Lakes, and gave his friend a "Five Lakes Poem":
The warm flowers bloom again on the day of the riverhead, and the guests in Jiangdong are leisurely.
The Gaoyang liquor disciples were half withered, and the final South Mountain was empty.
The sundae also knows that there is no abandonment, and Houmen may not use non-talent.
A boat of bright moon and a pole of bamboo, home to the five lakes to return.
This poem is a "Qujiang Spring Feeling". The withering of the drunkards and the height of the southern mountains are ironic that the imperial court is full of mediocre talents who steal high positions. The sundae has no discarded things, and Houmen uses all his talents, so why should the poet, as the famous "Talent of Jiangdong", "return"? The whole poem seems to be in a relaxed tone and full of praise, but in fact it is full of anti-verbal ridicule. With the talent of the poet, it is among the "discarded things" and "non-talents", or what is the "sundae"? The poet's "leisurely heart" actually hides deep frustration, the pain of renunciation, and the unspoken sorrow. Chairman Mao circled this poem.
At the beginning, Luo Yin rushed to take the exam for the first time, and on the day he left home, he passed by Zhong Ling, and at the feast, he met a prostitute named Yun Ying and gave him a poem. More than ten years later, Luo Yin failed to participate in the scientific expedition for the last time, and still returned to his hometown as a cloth, passing through Zhong Ling, and reuniting with Yunying. Yun Ying saw his depressed look, clapped his hands and laughed: "Luo Xiucai has not yet left the cloth list?" This question made Luo Yin ashamed of himself, but he still gave a poem to Yunying:
Zhong Ling was drunk for more than ten years and saw Yun Ying's palm again.
I am not famous and unmarried, and I may be inferior.
This poem is a "Mocking Bell Ling Prostitute Yunying", and also "Gifting Prostitute Yunying" and "Even Title". After more than ten years of separation, Yunying is still as light as a swallow, and can be used as a "palm dance"; and the poet himself is still a cloth dress that has not yet achieved fame. Yun Ying lamented that Luo Yin had still been famous for more than ten years, and Luo Yin was angry that Yun Ying had not been out of the wind and dust for more than ten years. The so-called "the same is the fallen people at the end of the world, why should they have known each other when they met", the two of them, one is a beautiful person with a graceful style and a beautiful dance posture, and the other is a talented man who is full of money and poetry in the world, which can be described as "the dragon and phoenix among people", and where is "inferior to people"? This poem seems to ridicule Yunying and the poet's self-deprecation, but in fact it is a ruthless lashing of the repression of low-level talents in feudal society; in euphemism and humor, it conveys the poet's inner indignation.
Chairman Mao admired this poem "Gifting Prostitute Yunying" very much and read it many times. Next to the last two sentences of the poem in the Collected Works of Luo Zhao, he drew a secret circle with a pencil. In addition to the circle points next to this poem in the "A and B Collection", Chairman Mao also commented with a stroke of his pen:
"Ten is not the best."
Although there are only five words, it can be seen that Chairman Mao's life experience of Luo Yin, a talented son of the late Tang Dynasty, especially his bumpy experience of taking the imperial examination many times and repeatedly falling behind Sun Shan, is well understood. These five words also reveal the deep sympathy of a generation of great people for the encounters of multi-talented poets who have never met in their lives and who have never met in the five lakes, and also conveyed his strong criticism of the dark imperial examination system that buried talents.