Three Kingdoms Little People Zhi 0035: The most miserable celebrity who was hacked - Jiang Gan
The author of this article is the depths of dusk, and the editor-in-chief is Sasha, if reprinted, please be sure to indicate
Jiang Gan, the character Ziyi, is a famous clown in the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and the funniest and most comical character in the whole book. According to the interpretation, on the eve of the Battle of Chibi, Jiang Gan twice proposed himself to represent Cao Cao on an envoy to Jiangdong and serve as a lobbyist to persuade him to surrender. However, he was teased twice by Zhou Yu and others, taking the wrong information as a treasure and bringing it back to Jiangbei like a treasure.
Moreover, the false information brought back by Jiang Gan twice in a row made Cao Cao believe it to be true. First, he mistakenly killed Cai Mao Zhang Yun, resulting in his own water army having no generals available from then on; then he was tricked by Pang Tong to connect his own warships with chains into a chain ship, which laid the foreshadowing of failure for Huang Gai to fall and Zhou Yu to burn Chibi...
It can be said that in the climax of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" - the "Battle of Chibi" chapter, Jiang Gan definitely played a very important role. As a lobbyist on Cao Cao's side, he also served as a spy spy, and he really lived up to expectations.
Of course, he lived up to the enemy's "expectations", not only did not do a good job in his own espionage work, but also became the enemy's "false intelligence transport envoy". Almost single-handedly, Sun Liu's various schemes on the side of the coalition army succeeded. In the end, the 830,000 troops of the boss Cao Cao were pitted, which was really a lack of success and more than enough failures...
However, all this is a fictional plot in the novel. The real Jiang Gan in history is actually not the funny and obscene appearance in the rendition. He traveled to Jiangdong and lobbied Zhou Yu to be true, but the timing, process, and results of his actions are very different from the plot of the interpretation...
We should still explore the character of Jiang Gan according to the limited historical records and restore his true face in history.
There is no independent biography of Jiang Gan in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and the figure of Jiang Gan is basically not mentioned in other related historical records. It can be affirmed from this that Jiang Gan was not a big figure in the Three Kingdoms era, and he basically did not participate in any political events, nor did he have any deeds that were too successful or too unsuccessful.
The only place where Jiang Gan is recorded is from Pei Songzhi's "Notes on the Three Kingdoms" in the "Biography of Jiang Biao". From these records, it can be seen that Jiang Gan was a handsome and elegant person with outstanding talent, and good eloquence (with a good appearance, he was known for his ability to argue that he was alone between Jiang and Huai, and Mo was right).
Moreover, there is no historical record of Jiang Gan's relationship with Boss Cao and the position he held in Cao's camp (the interpretation describes Jiang Gan as Cao Cao's subordinate guest). It can be affirmed from this that Jiang Gan's position under Cao Cao was not high, nor did he hold too many high official positions.
However, according to the "Biography of Jiang Biao", it was Cao Cao who sent Jiang Gan to Jiangdong as a lobbyist (not Jiang Ganmao who recommended himself). This shows that there was indeed a relationship of "dispatch and dispatch" between Jiang Gan and Cao Cao.
This probably shows that Jiang Gan is indeed the identity of the "curtain guest" under Cao Cao. Cao Cao admired his talent, so he left him as a guest under the tent, and while he was leading Cao Boss Feng Lu, he would also go out at the right time to complete some of the tasks assigned by the boss.
Next, let's look at the specific process of Jiang Gan's envoy to Jiangdong and lobbying Zhou Yu.
Pei Song's Zhidao 's Notes on the Three Kingdoms' Chronicle contains a complete record of this mission, and this passage is basically quoted in the Zizhi Tongjian written by Sima Guang of the Song Dynasty.
We can roughly divide it into three paragraphs: "beginning, process, and end" to interpret this process and compare it with the plot made up in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms":
First of all, let's look at the opening part, that is, the record of Jiang Gan arriving in Jiangdong, meeting with Zhou Yu and greeting him:
The original text of "Jiang Biao Biography":
"Chu Taizu heard that Zhou Yu was young and had a beautiful talent, and said that he could lobby and move, but secretly went to Yangzhou and sent cadres to see Yu. Gan has a good appearance, and with talent argued that between the river and Huaihuai, there is no right with it. It is clothed in a scarf, and it is self-entrusted to do private practice. Yu came out to greet him, and immediately said dry: "Ziyi is good and bitter, and he travels far into the rivers and lakes to be a lobbyist for the Cao clan? Gan Yue: "I am separated from the foot state, separated from the middle, and the distant smell is fierce, so I come to Tell The Broad, and look at the ya rules, and the cloud lobbyist, is it not a perverse deception?" Yu Yue: "Although I am not as good as the hammer and the kuang, I can hear the strings and appreciate the sound, and I know the yaqu also." ”
It can be seen that the opening process of Jiang's meeting on Tuesday is basically the same as the plot on "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". After the two exchanged greetings, Zhou Yu went straight in and explained the purpose of Jiang Gan's visit; Jiang Gan did not answer positively, but recounted his old feelings, saying only that he had come to visit and visit Zhou Yu, and did not directly admit or deny the matter of lobbyists. Zhou Yu, on the other hand, used the matter of musical rhythm to make a comparison, and used the expression of "sound outside the string" to tell Jiang Gan: she fully understood his intentions and did not have to hide...
In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Yu's side-by-side and knock-on conversation mode made Jiang Gan a little angry, and he wanted to retire at that time (Gan Yue: "If you wait for the deceased like this, please retreat." ”）。 However, in the "Biography of Jiang Biao", this dialogue is stopped, and there is no record of how Jiang Gan answered...
From this, it can be affirmed that Jiang Gan did not deny it in a tit-for-tat manner, but calmly opposed it and tacitly agreed with Zhou Yu.
Next, let's look at the process part, that is, Jiang Gan's experience of staying in Zhou Yu's camp for a few days:
"Because of the delay in the dry, for the sake of wine and food." Bi, Sending Zhi said: "Suitable for me to have a secret matter, and out of the museum, things, do not invite yourself." On the next three days, Yu asked Gan and Zhou Guan to camp, to look at the warehouse of military equipment and weapons, and also to feast and drink, and show the waiter's clothing and treasures, because it was said that Gan said: "Husbands are in the world, meet the lord of confidants, the righteousness of the external trust of the king, the grace of the flesh and bones, words and deeds, good fortune, if Su Zhang is reborn, Li Shu comes back, and he caresses his back and folds his words, can he not be moved by the young children?" "Dry but laugh, never say anything."
This paragraph is naturally very different from the description in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". There was no lively grand feast on the night of the "big banquet of Jiangdong Qunying", nor was there a tense scene of Zhou Yu inviting Jiang Gan to sleep in the same bed and stealing books in the middle of the night. Zhou Yu was entangled in official affairs, so he sent Jiang Gan back to the inn to rest. A few days later, jiang gan was invited to dinner, and he took the wind and dust, and also took Jiang Gan to see the military camps, warehouses, military equipment battles, and costumes and treasures in the room...
Of course, not only to visit and play, Zhou Yu, in the process of serving as a tour guide for Jiang Gan, also clearly expressed his attitude of being loyal to his subjects and not being the two masters, and persuaded Jiang Gan to give up the idea of convincing himself.
After Jiang Gan listened to Zhou Yu's remarks, what kind of reaction did he have?
According to the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Jiang Gan was frightened and lost his soul at that time, afraid that Zhou Yu would take him to sacrifice the flag and then "behead the envoy to demonstrate!" (Laugh out loud.) Jiang dry noodles like earth color).
In the "Biography of Jiang Biao", Jiang Gan's performance is completely different (dry but laughing, in the end there is nothing to say), which means that Jiang Gan just laughs from beginning to end without speaking. It can be seen that Jiang Gan has understood that Zhou Yu's heart is firm and his attitude is decisive, and the task of lobbying Zhou Yu himself is also impossible to complete.
Finally, let's look at the result part, that is, the process of Jiang Gan's return to Cao Cao' resurrection:
"Dry return, call Yu Ya high, not words..."
The record of this paragraph is very brief, and after Jiang Gan returned, he only told Boss Cao that Zhou Yu's elegant and elegant style, magnanimity, and elegance. This means of persuasion and persuasion is useless to him, or he will die of this heart...
It can be seen that the process of Jiang Gan jiangdong and lobbying Zhou Yu is actually similar to the exchange of visits between two old friends. From beginning to end, Jiang Gan did not utter the words of persuasion to surrender Zhou Yu, and Zhou Yu also clearly expressed his attitude from beginning to end.
It can be said that such a "lobbying drama" can be described as unique in history. Between the lobbyist and the lobbied, there is no tit-for-tat confrontation, but between the two people talking and laughing, they know it and tacitly. Although Jiang Tuesday belonged to the hostile camp, but one invincible heart, two invincible meaning, not only knocked on the side to talk about the matter, but also remembered the old friendship, both of them are worthy of the title of elegant and high-quality celebrity!
In the end, the two were also like old friends after reuniting, and Zhou Yu continued to be his governor in Jiangdong. Although Jiang Gan did not complete the task of lobbying and persuading him to surrender, he at least found out Zhou Yu's attitude and went back to inform the boss to "throw away his illusions and prepare for war", which is also a credit...
All of the above is the whole process of Jiang Gan's lobbying of Zhou Yu, and only this time is not the "second crossing of the river" described in the speech. Moreover, there are no brilliant plots such as the heroes of the crowd, the theft of books in the middle of the night, the killing of people with knives, the pang tong serial plan, etc., and even people can not feel the tense atmosphere during the war, what is the reason for this?
In fact, the incident in which Jiang Gan crossed Jiangdong did not occur at all during the Chibi War, because in all the historical materials about the Three Kingdoms, it has not been recorded that during the Battle of Chibi, there was such an episode of persuasion to surrender across the river.
However, in the Zizhi Tongjian, this event was recorded in the 14th year of Jian'an, that is, the second year after the Battle of Chibi. If this is the case, then Cao Cao's motives for sending Jiang Gan to lobby Zhou Yu are probably debatable...
As we all know, in the Battle of Chibi, Sun Liu's allied forces were the winning side, and Cao Cao not only lost his troops in this battle, but also lost most of the territory he had just occupied in Jingzhou. Moreover, in a series of battles after Chibi, Cao Cao was also unable to stop the decline, and in Yiling, NanJun and other places, he was continuously defeated by Zhou Yu.
We know that the means of persuasion and persuasion are generally used when the own side has absolute superiority and the battlefield situation is superior. It is rare to hear that the losing side will cheekily persuade the victorious side to surrender...
What's more, if he really wanted to persuade the surrender and surrender the soldiers without fighting, then Cao Cao should also lobby Sun Quan, after all, Sun Quan was the lord of Jiangdong, and he was the one who really had the right to speak.
Cao Cao, on the other hand, sent someone to lobby Zhou Yu, and although Zhou Yu held a high position in Jiangdong, he was only a general on one side, and even if he was successfully lobbied and led his troops to surrender to Cao Wei, at best, it would be to let Jiangdong lose a governor, and his reputation would be damaged, and he would not be able to shake Sun Quan's foundation at all.
Therefore, the fact that Cao Cao sent Jiang To work over Jiang to lobby Zhou Yu was probably not as simple as it seemed. This is not so much a lobbying and persuasion as a political action, playing the same set of means of sowing discord.
In fact, after the defeat at the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao realized that he had long been in the north and was weak in the water army. If we want to rely on military means, swing the division of Jiangnan, and unify the world, I am afraid that it will be difficult to do so in a short period of time.
As a result, Cao Cao had to consider using political means to separate and divide Sun Quan and Liu Bei, break their unity, dismantle their alliances, and damage their strength.
Cao Cao first manipulated Emperor Xian of Han to approve Liu Bei's "upper table" and named Liu Qi the "History of Jingzhou Assassination". It is well known that Liu Qi was only a puppet of Liu Bei, a tool used to legitimize the occupation of Jingzhou. The land of Jingzhou, which was originally the strategic purpose of Sun Quan's side in the Battle of Chibi, ended up contributing money and efforts, but it did not get any benefits.
However, Liu Bei, who only played an auxiliary role in the Battle of Chibi, quickly occupied Jingzhou with opportunism and rogue means. This undoubtedly made the Jiangdong Group very angry, and the originally friendly alliance relationship also cracked under the conflict of territory and interests.
Cao Cao's cheerfulness in giving Liu Bei a label of "legalizing" the occupation of Jingzhou was undoubtedly a provocative signal, so that Sun Quan could only consider driving Liu Bei away by force and capturing Jingzhou.
Then, Cao Cao sent Jiang Gan to visit Zhou Yu in a "secret" way... This is probably one of the divisive tactics he has used.
Zhou Yu was the governor of the Jiangdong clique, with a high status and heavy troops, and had only recently defeated the Cao army in the Battle of Chibi, and his reputation was great.
As the saying goes, people are afraid of being famous pigs and afraid of being strong, and Zhou Yu, who has already had the trend of "high merit and shock the lord", will inevitably become the object of suspicion of the boss Sun Quan. At this time, Cao Cao sent people across Jiangdong to visit Sun Quan, but specifically to lobby Zhou Yu, whose purpose was already imminent.
Moreover, the person sent by Cao Cao was not his own subordinate, a heavy minister of equal status to Zhou Yu, but just an aide who had a relationship with Zhou Yu, Jiang Gan. It can be seen that from the beginning, Cao Cao did not have much hope of surrendering Zhou Yu, but only wanted to use this way to separate Sun Quan and Zhou Yu's relationship between the monarch and the subject, so that Sun Quan had some doubts, and most of his governors were secretly communicating with the enemy and might be anti-water.
Moreover, it is not as stated in the novel, Zhou Yu is jealous of his ability, narrow-minded, and repeatedly assassinates Zhuge Liang and destroys Sun Liu's alliance. In fact, in real history, Zhou Yu is one of the most resolute supporters of sun-liu alliance, he understands the truth of cold lips and teeth, and also understands that when facing a strong opponent, two weak allies must join hands.
Therefore, if Zhou Yu can be suspected, it will not only damage the strength of Sun Quan's side, but also destroy Sun Liu's alliance to a certain extent, which is the real purpose of Cao Cao's persuasion of Jiang Gan...
However, Zhou Yu's intelligence was not blown out, he almost instantly saw through Lao Cao's treacherous plan, and also took the right way to deal with it. At the beginning, Zhou Yu pointed out the purpose of Jiang Gan's visit to the point; then, he invited Jiang Gan to eat and drink, and completely made the original secret visit public; finally, he showed Jiang Gan his military demeanor and the things that Sun Quan had rewarded, and made it clear that he was loyal to Sun Quan and would never be a second or fifth boy...
It can be said that Zhou Yu was very perfect in the handling of this matter, and at the beginning he openly punctured the cover of "secret talk", so that all the conspiracies hidden in the shadows could not be hidden. And Jiang Gan, also worthy of the title of the world's famous people, good cultivation and graceful demeanor, see through but not say broken... In the end, as mentioned earlier, the meeting process between the two, like the reunion between old friends, did not tear the face because of the hostility of the camps to which both sides belonged.
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After returning to Cao Cao to resume his life, the character of Jiang Gan was no longer recorded in the history books. It can be roughly speculated that he should be a person with a relatively dashing and elegant personality, although he is talented and good at eloquence, he is light-named and profitable, has no intention of pursuing a career, and is a "runaway" figure in the chaotic world. It is possible that he continued to work under Cao Cao's account as a nameless and powerless guest, or it is also possible that he left Cao Cao and restored his identity as a "jianghu Yishi"...
In a word, Jiang Gan is only a small person in history. Although he has good looks, knowledge, and eloquence, he also has some conditions to become a big person. However, he did not have the heart of a career, did not enter the political circle, did not contact the political core, and did not do anything earth-shattering, enough to leave a name for himself in history.
In a word, in real history, Jiang Gan is really not a celebrity. Except for lobbying Zhou Yu, he has not left any trace in history...
However, Jiang Gan eventually became famous, but not in the Three Kingdoms era, but in novels more than a thousand years later, in the pen of others... Moreover, he is not a good name that has been praised for hundreds of years, but a funny name that makes people laugh for thousands of years...
Why did Luo Guanzhong desperately try to vilify Jiang Gan, even at the expense of making up stories and fictional content?
In addition to the needs of the plot, the rendering of the text atmosphere, and the need to enhance the depth of the plot, Jiang Gan, in Lao Luo's pen, actually served as a plot thread, set off the character image, and plot polishing.
In the entire novel of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the "Chibi Battle" is undoubtedly the highest tide of it. It is not only a watershed in the Three Kingdoms era, but also a foreshadowing battle in which Cao Sun Liu Sanfang stood on three feet and the world was divided into three points. Of the 120 times in the book, from the 43rd to the 50th, there are eight chapters that describe the course and causes and consequences of the war.
In order to write the battle of Chibi brilliantly and beautifully (the real battle of Chibi is actually not wonderful), Luo Guanzhong spared no effort to build a large number of storylines and fictional bridges. From tongue-and-tongue group Confucianism to zhizhi to Sun Quan, from straw boat borrowing arrows to Pang Tong's serial plan, from Zhou Yu's fight against Huang Gai to Kan Ze's deception...
There are more fabricated plots, and it is necessary for someone to lead the "plot line", and this person is just the unlucky Jiang Gan. In his novel, the process of lobbying across the river twice happens to be an impartial bridge between all the bridges, and all the plots are strung together.
First of all, "Qunying will steal books", highlighting Zhou Yu's ingenuity, killing Cai Mao Zhang Yun, making these two traitors deserve it, and incidentally portraying Cao Cao's natural paranoia and impulsive incompetence;
However, Zhou Yu's self-satisfied plan was easily seen through by the cold-eyed Zhuge Liang, which made Zhou Yu jealous and intended to cause harm, and then led to the wonderful plot of "grass boat borrowing arrows";
Then, Cao Cao was not angry at being teased by Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang continuously, and sent Cai Zhongcai and deception to try to win back a round in the scheme, but was easily recognized by Zhou Yu, and in front of them, he and Huang Gai performed a "bitter meat plan";
Huang Gai xiushu surrendered fraudulently, and although Cao Cao was confirmed by Cai Zhongcai and the two, he was still suspicious of the letter and thought of sending someone to probe the truth again. At this time, it was Jiang Gan who took the initiative to ask for help, so there was "two crossing Jiangdong";
And Jiang Gan went, not only failed to find out what was false, but invited Pang Tong back... As a result, Cao Cao credulously believed in the serial plan offered by Pang Tong, and chained his own warships in rows, which eventually led to the defeat of the burning of Chibi...
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It can be seen that the character of Jiang Gan plays a very important role in threading the needle in the novel. Without him, the section of the Chibi War would not have been so wonderful, and the series between the plot and the plot could not be so seamless!
Finally, regarding the relationship between Jiang Gan and Zhou Yu, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms says that the two of them were friends and classmates since childhood (a certain person had been friends with Zhou Lang since childhood), is this true?
In fact, in the history books, there is no place to mention this. However, judging from the dialogue process between the two in "The Biography of Jiang Biao", the two of them are indeed old friends who have been separated for a long time...
Moreover, both of them are elegant people who know how to read, should have been well-educated since childhood, and their family backgrounds are not bad, they are both famous and prestigious.
Coupled with the similarity of the two people's places of origin, Jiang Gan is from Jiujiang, and Zhou Yu is from Lujiang, although these two places are not close, but in the ancient administrative regions, they both belonged to the Jianghuai generation.
In this regard, when Jiang Gan zhou yu was young, the possibility of studying at a well-known local university was still quite large.
In other words, the relationship between the two of them is indeed very likely to be true!
PS: Jiang Gan is a stupid and ridiculous character in the rendition, but it is precisely because of his stupidity and ridiculousness in the novel that the sense of humor of the plot is greatly enhanced. This makes the war scene that was originally bloody and rainy, and the deceitful use of the process, accompanied by its burlesque performances, can't help but be funny...
Just imagine, on the eve of the terrible war, the confrontation between the two armies, such a tense atmosphere, will undoubtedly make the reader feel depressed, and the strings are tightened in their hearts... At this time, the appearance of Jiang Gan, while connecting the plot, also brought a funny and funny stream, making readers laugh dumbly, and the pressure in their hearts could be released...
It can be seen that Luo Guanzhong, as an excellent novelist, is quite outstanding in controlling the rhythm of the plot!