In recent years, I have devoted myself to studying the historical events of the "July Qilugou Bridge Incident" in 1937, when Qian Shutie, a famous artist of Haipai calligraphy and painting, helped Guo Moruo return to China. According to the opportunity of some top-secret documents and archives of the military and the police during the post-war period stipulated by Japanese legislation, the historical truth that was obscured in that year was deciphered, and many mysterious problems were interpreted, including the historical suspense case involving the death of the famous writer and revolutionary martyr Yu Dafu.
From left: Wang Duqing, Guo Moruo, Yu Dafu, Cheng Fangwu
Yu Dafu was blacklisted by the Japanese Metropolitan Police Department for his anti-Japanese work
On July 24, 1937, Guo Moruo, escorted by Qian Shantie and others, secretly boarded the cruise ship "Empress" from Kobe, Japan to return home. To this end, on August 7, the Japanese Metropolitan Police Department arrested qian Shoutie and other anti-fascist anti-Japanese spy fighters. According to Japan's "Foreign Affairs Police 3 Showa 12 Years (1937)", which was revealed after the war, the Japanese Metropolitan Police Department cracked a spy organization composed of anti-war and anti-Japanese personnel from China and Japan on August 10, and drew a rather detailed "Japanese Branch People's Front Espionage Map". On this spy map, which has been sealed in the dust for decades and is now appearing, the name of the famous writer Yu Dafu is also prominently listed, and he is vertically related to Guo Moruo and Jin Zutong (Guo Moruo's students) who are in Japan.
From this point of view, Uddhav's death may be able to obtain valuable information from this "Spy Map of the Japanese-Chinese People's Front". On August 29, 1945, Uddhav, who was in exile in a western Indonesian town in Sumatra, was taken away from his home. Although the Japanese Emperor issued an edict of surrender on August 15, on September 17, the Japanese gendarmes secretly put Udhav in the depths of the jungles of Sumatra. Why did the Japanese gendarmes kill Yudatefu? This involves Uddhav's long anti-fascist anti-Japanese career.
Udōfu has a long historical relationship with Japan, the land of Fuso. In 1913, at the age of 17, Udao Yu traveled to Japan with his eldest brother Yu Huadong to study in Japan, and successively studied at Tokyo Daiichi High School, Nagoya No. 8 High School, and Tokyo Imperial University, and began to write novels. In 1921, Yu Dafu, Together with Guo Moruo, Cheng Fangwu, Zhang Ziping, and Zheng Boqi, who stayed in Japan, established the famous literary group "Creation Society". In the same year, Guo Moruo published the poetry collection "Goddess", and Yu Dafu published the novel collection "Sinking", both of which became classics of the New Literary Movement. In 1922, after returning from Japan, Yu Dafu successively taught at Peking University, Wuchang Normal University, guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University, etc., and after 1928, he went to Shanghai to preside over the publication of the Creation Society. In the same year, he joined the "Sun Society", edited the "Popular Literature and Art", and established a deep friendship with Lu Xun. In 1934, he was appointed as a senator of the Zhejiang Provincial Government, and in 1936, he was appointed as a senator of the Fujian Provincial Government and the director of the Bulletin Office, and actively participated in the anti-Japanese rescue activities. In November of the same year, Udafu visited Japan and met frequently with anti-war progressive writers in the Japanese literary circles, which attracted the attention of the Japanese Metropolitan Police Department and was blacklisted. Later, when he went to Waseda University to give a speech, he angrily and fiercely attacked the Japanese militarists for invading the three eastern provinces of China, and was forcibly shortened by the Metropolitan Police Department and ordered to return home. After that, he held the belief that "our generation should sacrifice for the War of Resistance" and engaged in the anti-Japanese salvation movement in Shanghai, Wuhan, Guangzhou and other places.
In 1944, Yu Dafu took a photo of his son Yu Daya in Sumatra, Indonesia
Yu Dafu participated in the espionage operation to help Guo Moruo return to China
The "July Seven Lugou Bridge Incident" in 1937 sounded the clarion call of the all-people War of Resistance. Qian Shoutie and Jin Zutong, specific responsible persons of the Chinese side of the Japanese People's Front, and Japanese leaders Nakao Tanaka and Sano Yumi began to help cover Guo Moruo's return to China, while Yu Dafu made contacts and arrangements at home. At that time, the Japanese Metropolitan Police Department carried out dual surveillance of Guo Moruo as a gendarme and plainclothes, and Guo Moruo said in the article "I am a Chinese": "My actions have been under two surveillances since then: one is a criminal (plainclothes) and the other is a gendarme. Coupled with the need to hide from his wife and children, Guo Moruo's road back to China can be described as difficult and dangerous. Although the plan to help Guo Moruo return to China, which was led by Qian Shoutie, was launched on July 10, it was not finalized on July 20. Guo Moruo has been in a state of hesitation due to many problems that have not been implemented, such as the fact that the National Government's arrest warrant for him has not been formally removed, and the large amount of funds needed to appease his family has not been implemented. At this critical moment, Yu Dafu, who was in charge of domestic contacts, sent Guo Moruo two crucial letters, one of which said: "Moruo, because I received a call from Nanjing this morning, I was asked to write a letter, saying that the chairman of the committee had borrowed some weight and begged for a quick return... The strong neighbors of Japan and japan are oppressed, the fate of the country is in danger, and great unity is to ward off external troubles, and it is natural and righteous to see the present. Another letter said: "Brother Mo Ruo, the Nanjing Jiang clan intends to recruit a brother to drive back to China, I have already said first, first, I want them to do a good job of canceling the wanted procedures, and second, to remit a large amount of travel expenses." This matter should be completed within ten days" [Yin Chen (Jin Zutong) "The Secret Of Guo Moruo's Return to China"]. Through the above two letters, it can be seen that Yu Dafu, as a member of the Japanese People's Front, participated in the action to help Guo Moruo return to China, and served as a high-level liaison officer.
Judging from Yu Dafu's identity at that time, it was impossible for him to have direct contact with Chiang Kai-shek, and at that time, he was mainly given instructions to Yu Dafu through Wang Pengsheng, director of the Institute of International Studies directly under the National Military Commission. The institute mainly carried out intelligence work against The Japanese militarists. Wang Pengsheng participated in the Xinhai Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen in his early years, studied in Japan in 1916, and was a classmate of Tokyo Imperial University with Guo Moruo and Yu Dafu, and later participated in the Northern Expedition with Guo Moruo. He is an expert on Japan, has many monographs, and has served as a counselor to the ambassador to Japan.
After the outbreak of the All-People War of Resistance in 1937, Chiang Kai-shek ordered him to set up the Institute of International Studies, which accurately predicted and timely transmitted major intelligence such as the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Yin Chen (Jin Zutong) wrote in the book "The Secret Of Guo Moruo's Return to China": "He (Qian Shuitie) told me that when he returned to China in May (1937), he met Wang Moumou (Wang Pengsheng) in Nanjing, knowing that at this time the voice of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in China had gradually increased, and Wang Moumou had mentioned Mr. Dingtang (Guo Moruo) in front of the highest authorities. It can be seen from this that the "because of receiving a call from Nanjing" mentioned in Yu Dafu's letter should be Wang Pengsheng. The Japanese anti-war left-wing writers such as Tanaka Nakao, Sano, and Nobuji Okabe, who were frequently in contact with when he went to Japan in November 1936, were all responsible persons and backbones of the Japanese people's front. However, a historical suspense case that has never been disclosed or revealed has surfaced, that is, Yu Dafu, as a famous writer, heroically participated in the anti-Japanese espionage work at the grim moment of the nation's survival. To this end, the Japanese militarists regarded him as a thorn in their eye and a thorn in their flesh, and expelled him early to China in November 1936. It is worth mentioning that the intelligence collection and reconnaissance capabilities of the Japanese Metropolitan Police Department are also very powerful, according to the archives of the Japanese Metropolitan Police Department revealed after the war: On February 25, 1928, Guo Moruo, in order to avoid being wanted by the Kuomintang, quietly boarded a ship at the Huishan Wharf in Shanghai and left Shanghai for Japan under quite confidential conditions. Almost at the same time, Japanese spies in Shanghai sent information on Guo Moruo's visit to Japan to the Metropolitan Police Agency of Japan, namely the "Circular of the 74th Snow Counselor of the Secret Of the Police Department no. 74" compiled by the Japanese Police Protection Bureau in the newly revealed "Overview of the Foreign Police and the 12th Year of Showa". It can be seen from this that the Japanese Metropolitan Police Agency is quite clear about Yu Dafu's participation in anti-war espionage work and has filed a case against it.
The third-instance judgment of the Tokyo Court of Japan on September 13, 1939 against Qian Shoutie Chinese a translation and photocopy
The real cause of Uddhav's death
After Guo Moruo returned to China, he served as the director of the Third Department of the Military Commission of the National Government, and Guo immediately invited Yu Dafu to participate in the anti-Japanese propaganda work of the Third Department and served as a member of the Design Committee of the Political Department. Yu Dafu also led a delegation from the Political Department of the Military Commission of the Nationalist Government as a special envoy to the Taierzhuang Labor Army. In 1938, at the invitation of Singapore's Sin Chew Daily, Yu Dafu went to Singapore to serve as the chief writer of the newspaper, and published a large number of articles promoting the anti-Japanese resistance. He also organized the "Sin Chew Overseas Chinese Volunteer Army" to resist Japan and was elected as the chairman of the Singapore Cultural Circles Anti-Japanese Federation. After Singapore was occupied by the Japanese army, in June 1942, Yu Dafu and Hu Yuzhi and others went into exile in the baya official city of Baya in the central and western part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra, and Yu Dafu opened a distillery under the pseudonym Zhao Lian as a cover. The Japanese gendarmes discovered that this "Zhao Lian" could speak and write Japanese, so they coerced him into working as an interpreter for seven months. During this period, Yu Dafu rescued and covered a large number of anti-Japanese people and local residents in the cultural circles. As a result of the traitors' whistleblowing, the Japanese gendarmes began to pay attention to and investigate the true identity of Yu Dafu, who had to be transferred to exile to the small town of Bayeux in the western part of Sumatra, where he was taken away on the night of August 29, 1945, and secretly killed in the local jungle on September 17.
As a historical suspense case, the death of Yu Dafu has always been said to be quite numerous, but it is representative of the monograph "Yu Dafu of Sumatra" written by Masao Suzuki, associate professor of Yokohama City University in Japan. As early as 1966, he began to study the life of Yu Dafu in exile in Nanyang, and he went to Sumatra, Indonesia, and other places to conduct field investigations, and finally found the Japanese gendarmerie squad leader who ordered Yu Dafu's killing, and he admitted that he had given the order to kill Yu Dafu. The order that the gendarmerie squad leader said should be a relay of the order. His little gendarmerie squad leader could not exercise the power of life and death, and it was undoubtedly an order from his superiors that he had to convey. As for why, after defeat and surrender, the Japanese fascists dared to risk the world to kill such a famous Chinese writer, Suzuki Masao did not answer in the book. Due to the limitations of historical conditions, some of Japan's post-war military and police top-secret documents and archives have not yet been revealed, so it is impossible to solve the real reason for Yu Dafu's death.
As mentioned earlier, in fact, as early as August 1937, Yu Dafu was on the Japanese Metropolitan Police Agency's "Japanese People's Front" blacklist, which contained espionage files. Later, Yudaf played an important propaganda role in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in China. After arriving in Singapore, he became a leading figure in the Anti-Japanese Resistance in the Nanyang cultural circles, and the Japanese military hated him to the bone. After the fall of Singapore, he went into exile in Sumatra under a pseudonym, and due to the traitor's whistle-blowing, the Japanese military began to investigate his true identity, and through contact with the Metropolitan Police Department in Japan, the Japanese military grasped the relevant information about Uddhav. According to the japanese metropolitan police department's intelligence collection is all-pervasive, according to the "New Literary Historical Materials" in 2006, the first issue of Wu Jiping (Japan) in the article "The Cracking of the "Japanese People's Front" Spy Network and the Historical Facts of the Japanese Police's Surveillance of Guo Moruo": "Yu Dafu such a conspicuous figure visited the Suwata Guo Mansion twice at that time, and Jin Zutong often visited the Guo family since he temporarily lived in Ichikawa in 1936, which naturally attracted the attention of the police. Although Kim did not say that he had met plainclothes policemen or felt that he had been tracked and monitored during his frequent visits to Guo's house, it was an unshakable fact that his name was written on the blacklist of the People's Front Movement and Espionage Network held by the Metropolitan Police Department. And Uddhav's blacklist is also an unshakable fact. According to article 4 of the third-instance judgment of the Tokyo Court of Japan on September 13, 1939, which was revealed and made public after the war, "Guo Moruo, a Chinese communist who was outlawed in Japan, due to the outbreak of the indochina incident, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, the arrest warrant for him has been revoked, and he is poor at travel expenses, the defendant (Qian Shoutie) travels more with leftists in Japan, and after returning to China, he can promote the Sino-Japanese people's front movement, and on July 22 of the same year, at the Chinese Embassy, he dated Guo Moruo's disciple Jin Zutong and charged Guo's travel fee with 500 yuan to gold. He also tried to facilitate it so that Guo could sneak back to China on the 25th of the same month. Since this verdict is directed against Qian Skinny Iron, there is no mention of Uddhav. However, the information that Qian Shoutie and Jin Zu were secretly dating at the Chinese Embassy was all controlled by the Japanese Metropolitan Police Department, so yu Dafu's spy report on Guo Moruo's return to China was also in the hands of the Japanese Metropolitan Police Department. This can explain the fact that as early as August 1937, Yu Dafu was on the blacklist of the Japanese Metropolitan Police Agency's "Japanese People's Front Espionage Map".
Japanese Metropolitan Police Agency "Spy Map of the Japanese People's Front"
From the night of August 29, 1945, when yu dafu was taken away until September 17, 1945, he was poisoned, and it was the Japanese gendarmes who used these 20 days to verify Yu Dafu's identity through investigation. Yu Dafu was not only a high-ranking figure in the anti-Japanese espionage war, but also a leading figure in the anti-Japanese propaganda activities in the cultural and artistic circles, he was also a famous Chinese writer, and his accusations against Japan's war of aggression after the war would have a considerable social impact. Thus, the Japanese fascists were dying at the last moment, causing Uddhav to fall at the dawn of victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan. To this end, Hu Yuzhi, a well-known social activist and former vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, once said: "In the history of Chinese literature, the name of Yu Dafu will always be remembered. On the monument to the anti-fascist war of the Chinese people, the name of the martyr Uddhav will always be remembered. ”