On November 19, 1945, the famous "Nuremberg Trial" was held at the Justice Palace in Nuremberg, and the Soviet judge Nikichenko presided over the first meeting. The prosecution filed indictments against 24 major war criminals and 7 organizations, including key personnel of the Nazi leadership, the SS, the Gestapo, the Nazi SA, as well as senior officers of the Imperial Cabinet, the Reich Ministry of Security, and the General Staff and Supreme Command.
The scene of the Nuremberg Trials
There are four main categories of crimes charged in the indictment: participation in joint plans or conspiracies of criminal acts against the peace; In the end, 22 people were found guilty, and the remaining 2 were either indicted but not convicted, or not prosecuted.
In addition, the Tribunal conducted a Rohrschacher test, a subject comprehension test and a wexler-Bellevue intelligence test adapted for the Germans on 24 war criminals. The test results showed that all the defendants showed an exceptional level of intelligence, and several of the Nazis were particularly "stunning".
Nazi war criminals at the Nuremberg Trials
Carl Doonitz: IQ 138. Dornitz was the last naval commander of Nazi Germany and Hitler's chosen successor. But after Hitler committed suicide, Dornitz negotiated with the Allies as a Nazi representative and announced his unconditional surrender. At the Nuremberg Trials, he was convicted of executing a violation of the Second London Naval Treaty of 1936. Donitz was released on 1 October 1956 and died on 24 December 1980.
At the Nuremberg Trials, Karl Dornitz said, "It was the politicians who brought the Nazis to power and started the war." They are the ones who brought these disgusting crimes, and now we must sit here with them and share the crimes in the dock! ”
Carl Dornitz
Herman Goering: IQ 138. Goering served as commander of the Luftwaffe from 1935 to 1945; he was the original founder of the Gestapo and head of the 4-year plan before handing over the Gestapo to the SS in April 1934. In addition, he was Hitler's second-in-command, but lost Hitler's trust in April 1945. The highest-ranking Nazi Party official on trial in Nuremberg chose to commit suicide the night before his execution.
Hermann Goering said at the Nuremberg Trials, "I joined the Party precisely because it was revolutionary. ”
Herman Goering
Franz von Papen: IQ 134. Von Papen was Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and deputy chancellor under Hitler from 1933 to 1934. Although acquitted in Nuremberg, in 1947 the German De-Nazification Tribunal reclassified von Papen as a war criminal and sentenced him to eight years in hard labor. On appeal, he was acquitted after two years of service. Franz von Papen died on 2 May 1969 in Obersasbach, West Germany, at the age of 89.
Franz von Papen put it this way at the Nuremberg Trials, "I think Hitler initially wanted to build the best Germany possible, but under the flattery of Himmler, Goering, Ribbentrop and others, he became an irrational evil force... I have tried many times to convince him that his anti-Semitic policies were wrong. He seemed to be listening at first, but then my words had no effect on him. ”
Franz von Papen
Yarma Shacht: IQ 143. Schacht was a prominent banker and economist. He was President of the Deutsche Reich Bank from 1923 to 1933 and 1933 to 1938, and Minister of the Economy from 1934 to 1937. At the Nuremberg trials, he confessed to violating the Treaty of Versailles, but was acquitted. Many claimed that this was to protect Germany's industrialists and financiers.
Yarma Shacht said at the Nuremberg trials, "I have full confidence in the judges and I am not afraid of the outcome of the trial. I only wanted to build a German industrial system, and the only thing they could accuse me of was the breaking of the Treaty of Versailles. ”
Yalma Shacht