The world rises and falls, and PiFu has the responsibility - "Rizhilu Zhengshi" Gu Yanwu
Gu Yanwu
In 1613, Gu Yanwu was born in Qiandeng Town, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, a thousand-year-old town on the banks of the Wusong River. In the center of the town stands the square pagoda built in the Southern Dynasty, which is a testimony of the tranquility and prosperity of the people of Qiandeng Town for 1500 years.
Gu Yanwu's hometown: Qiandeng Town
Gu Yanwu was born into a family of eunuchs, and his three generations of high ancestors, great-grandfathers, and grandfathers produced four jinshi in the late Ming Dynasty. Today we see the former residence of Gu Yanwu in Qiandeng Town, which was restored and expanded by the local government on the original site, this Jiangnan courtyard-style building covering an area of more than 60 acres, let us see the rich and noble atmosphere of the ancient family, born in such a family, Gu Yanwu seems to be destined to have a good and complete life. However, this mansion originally belonged to his cousin Gu Tongji, but because Gu Tongji, the only son in the family, died young and had no heirs, Gu Tongji's wife Wang Shi adopted his nephew Gu Yanwu.
Gu Yanwu's former residence
Under the careful teaching of Wang, Gu Yanwu was admitted to Xiucai at the age of 14. However, at that time, the Ming Dynasty regime was in danger, and Gu Yanwu's grandfather also saw the situation in the Ming Dynasty, so he let Gu Yanwu read the government gazette at that time, Di Bao, to educate him to understand the national situation and care about the fate of the country.
Under such education, Gu Yanwu resolutely gave up the imperial examination.
In 1644, the Qing army entered the customs and the Qing Dynasty began to rule China. In 1645, the Shunzhi Emperor issued the "Shaving Order", which "left the head without hair", which triggered a large-scale uprising in Jiangnan, and Gu Yanwu participated in the Suzhou Uprising. In June of that year, the Qing army attacked the city of Kunshan, Gu Yanwu lost two brothers, and his adoptive mother Wang Shi also went on hunger strike and martyrdom.
Ming and Qing hairstyles
For many years thereafter, Gu Yanwu had been serving the Southern Ming court, but he realized that restoring the Ming Dynasty was as difficult as "Jingwei Reclamation", so he wrote the famous poem "Jingwei", in which he used the metaphor of "Jingwei" to express his determination to save the country deeply and did not want to succumb to the Qing Dynasty.
I wish to calm the East Sea and not change my mind. The sea has no peace, my heart is endless- "Jingwei"
In 1656, Gu Yanwu made a special trip to Nanjing to pay homage to Zhu Yuanzhang's mausoleum, Ming Xiaoling. In order to commemorate Zhu Yuanzhang, Gu Yanwu wrote a poem in front of the mausoleum, and he compared the cause of restoration to the looming moonlight, although there is little hope, it will certainly make history remember.
Nanjing Ming Tombs
Few kings stayed, and they vaguely traveled to the moon. Shang Yu sings praises, long this You Chunqiu - "Leap May 10th Gongyi Xiaoling"
Subsequently, he returned to his hometown of Qiandeng Town, but ushered in the closest moment to death. The servants who had followed Gu Yanwu for many years were instructed by Gu Yanwu's wife's uncle Ye Fangheng to intercept his secret letters with the Southern Ming court to report his rebellion to the Qing government. Gu Yanwu immediately decided to drown the servant in the pond. But he did not escape safely. Ye Fangheng sent someone to arrest Gu Yanwu and send him to prison.
In the spring of 1657, because of the crime of treason, Gu Yanwu escaped death and escaped a disaster.
At this time, the rule of the Qing Dynasty was gradually consolidated, and the people lived a peaceful and contented life.
Gu Yanwu also experienced the failure of restoration and the disaster of imprisonment.
After that, he sold all his family property and left his hometown to travel north.
Gu Yanwu came to Kangcheng Academy, and Zheng Kangcheng, a great Confucian born in a chaotic world, seemed to point out the direction of the future for him, and he wrote a poem expressing the idea of becoming the next Zheng Kangcheng.
Qingdao Kangcheng College
There are people cultivating the deep mountain academy, and they do not ask the name of the mountain or the name of the county. In order to ask the yellow turban all over the world, it may allow Zheng Kangcheng - "Swim in the Mountains"
Later, he left BuqiShan and began a long life of study tours.
There is a subjugation of the country, there is a subjugation of the world, and the subjugation of the country and the subjugation of the world? A: Change the name of the yi surname, called the fall of the country; benevolence and righteousness are full of congestion, and as for the beast to eat people, people will eat each other, which is called the death of the world...
The distinction between "subjugation of the country" and "subjugation of the world" is an important contribution of Gu Yanwu to the history of Chinese thought.
After that, Gu Yanwu searched for historical books in various places, checked the customs of people's livelihood, communicated with readers from all over the world, and explored the practical learning of Li Xu's national economy and people's livelihood (the study of the people of the world). Gu Yanwu thus opened the precedent of Pu Xue, and was called the founding Confucian by the literati of the Qing Dynasty.
After 20 years of studying and studying away from home, he often misses his hometown. He wanted to die facing his hometown.
Legend has it that the thorns in the old garden are long, and when you can get the first hill in this life - "Selected Poems of Gu Yanwu"
From a single Master to a generation of Great Confucians, he was uprooted and displaced all his life, without the guidance of famous teachers and without a quiet desk, but he became one of the seventy-two Great Confucians in Our Country and held a lofty position in history.
In 1682, Gu Yanwu died in Quwo, Shanxi.