In the forty-first year of the Ming Dynasty, Gu Tongying's wife He of the Gu family in Jiangdong gave birth to a child, named Gu Dai. The Gu clan of Jiangdong is a local clan with a flourishing literary style. In the late Ming Dynasty, when the atmosphere of literati association was prevalent, Gu Dai also joined the "Restoration Society", advocating the revival of retro studies and denouncing the eight strands, believing that the destruction of culture by the eight strands was no less than the burning of books. This unique act of conduct was called a madman by people at the time. Later, this crazy student encountered the fall of the Ming Dynasty, and was distraught and indignant, and changed his name to Gu Yanwu.
Chongzhen hanged himself, the Ming Dynasty moved south, and many benevolent people and doctors joined the Southern Ming court, hoping to save the situation and try to strengthen themselves. Gu Yanwu also joined in. He had a profound view of the various ills of the society in the imperial court at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, he wrote to the imperial court, hoping to implement changes. However, the Southern Ming was unable to reform its own ills, and soon fell into infighting, coupled with the strong enemy in front, the Southern Ming court was constantly defeated.
When Kangxi succeeded to the throne, the last emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty was killed, and the thirteen families of the Eastern Ming Dynasty and the Ming Zheng regime in Taiwan that insisted on hubei and Sichuan were destroyed one after another, and there was no open support for the Ming Dynasty on the table, and Gu Yanwu also went underground, secretly contacting the anti-Qing people and plotting a resurgence. Before leaving his hometown, Gu Yanwu went to Nanjing to pay respects to Ming Xiaoling. The homeland cannot look back at the moon and the middle of the moon.
Since Gu Yanwu was still planning to resist the Qing, he naturally became the object of prevention. However, for Kangxi, for these undercurrents lurking under the ocean, different means needed to be taken. Especially Gu Yanwu.
As a generation of Confucians, Gu Yanwu was extremely well educated. He's not just a man of rhetoric. Gu Yanwu is a capable person who knows how to govern the country, and he is also a rare thinker. He broke free from the shackles of Song Dynasty science, learned from the failure of the late Ming Dynasty, and put forward a new point of view. The imperial court should hide the wealth of the people, not like the Ming dynasty royal family, and wipe out the world's wealth.
Regarding the demise of the Ming Dynasty, Gu Yanwu Gu Yanwu said in the "Rizhilu": "There is a subjugation of the country, and there is a subjugation of the world." Distinguish between the fall of the country and the fall of the world? Yue: Yi surname changed its name, which is called the fall of the country. Benevolence and righteousness are full of congestion, and as for the beast to eat man, man will eat each other, which is called the destruction of the world. ”
Gu Yanwu never did the study of searching for chapters and excerpts in the bookstore, and reading thousands of books and traveling thousands of miles was the criterion he practiced. After leaving Nanjing, Gu Yanwu went north to personally inspect the terrain of the mountains and rivers, drifting around, comparing the actual situation with the things recorded in the book, and correcting the mistakes in time.
Gu Yanwu was later known as the founding father of Sinology in the Qing Dynasty and had a high status among scholars. Of course, for him, the name is not important. Such a great Confucian lived as a remnant of the Ming Dynasty all his life. After the death of his wife, Gu Yanwu wrote a poem: "Zhengu Ma Mane is in Jiangcun, sending Ru Huangquan a six-year-old grandson." When they met underground to tell their fathers and grandmothers, there was still one remnant of the people. The more he refused to surrender, the greater Gu Yanwu's influence became.
But it's a tough move. The homeland is in ruins, and if they refuse to cooperate with the Qing Dynasty, it will not only affect themselves, but even directly affect the lives of their families' descendants. Many people who originally refused to defect to the Qing Dynasty and claimed to be the widows of the Ming Dynasty took into account the realities of their families and eventually served the Qing Dynasty.
For an influential Ming dynasty widow like Gu Yanwu, Kangxi naturally could not kill him. Even if he knew that he had anti-Qing actions, he still respected him and tried his best to win him over. After quelling the Rebellion of The Three Domains, Kangxi recruited Gu Yanwu and gave him extremely high treatment and status, hoping that he would serve the imperial court, but Gu Yanwu refused. Kangxi also let his Xiong Zhilu use the editing of the History of Ming as an excuse, which was equivalent to giving treatment, and then took the initiative to give Gu Yanwu a step down, which was rejected by Gu Yanwu.
In fact, Kangxi did not only do this to Gu Yanwu. At that time, there was a Guanzhong Daru named Li Erqu in Shaanxi, who, like Gu Yanwu, was reluctant to defect to the Qing court. The Qing Dynasty repeatedly recruited him, hoping that Li Erqu would be used by the imperial court, but Li Erqu resolutely refused, and even protested with hunger strikes. At that time, Gu Yanwu also often ran to the Shaanxi region to organize anti-Qing and restoration of the Ming Dynasty.
Kangxi learned of this situation, but when he inspected Shaanxi, he specially raised Li Erqu to the status of "contemporary saint" and said that he would personally visit. Li Erqu said that he was ill and could not meet the driver. Kangxi wanted to visit himself again, and Li Er said that he was too sick to get out of bed. Kangxi was helpless, and could only give preferential treatment to Li Erqu's work.
Whether it was Gu Yanwu or Li Erqu, Kangxi hoped to use preferential treatment to appease them, so that even if they could not use it for themselves, they would not openly continue to oppose the Qing Dynasty.
However, the co-optation of Gu Yanwu was only a superficial means, and Kangxi's really powerful method was to draw salaries from the bottom of the cauldron. Kangxi advocated filial piety, compiled a copy of the "Sacred Sayings", and took it to the ancestral hall of the clan society, every first and fifteenth day of the first month, so that the prestigious and learned people in the clan would give the contents of the "Sacred Sayings" to the people in the clan.
Kangxi wanted his children to listen to their parents, and how many parents in the world were willing to let their children do things that rebelled and lost their heads. With the healing and stabilization of the Qing Dynasty, Gu Yanwu regarded himself as a relict, and could only think of himself as a relic, and could not do too many other things.
Friends who are interested in history can pay attention to it: brain hole aliens, an alien who studies the history of the earth