On the occasion of the centenary of the founding of the Party, today we relive the spirit of "two bombs and one satellite" and feel the scientific revolutionary spirit of the Chinese Communists in the 1960s and 1970s who braved hardships and dared to climb. When it comes to the two bombs and one star, Qian Xuesen, Deng Jiaxian and other scientists are familiar and almost everyone in China knows about it. However, there is such a person who is little known, who only does one thing in his life and devotes his life to nuclear weapons research, and he is Zhu Guangya, the founder of the "two bombs" who was the last to be declassified. Adhering to the principle of low-key behavior and strict self-discipline, he chooses one thing and lives his life to illuminate China's nuclear weapons cause.
December 25, 1924, was an ordinary day. In a small town called Yichang in Hubei Province, China, a family surnamed Zhu is waiting for the arrival of their third child. No one expected the boy to be quietly changing China's future forty or fifty years later. According to the traditional family generational name order, parents named this child Zhu Guangya, compared to the name of the eldest brother Zhu Guangting and the second brother Zhu Guangnai, zhu Guangya's name is more atmospheric and loud. In fact, Zhu Guangya's ancestral home is not Hubei, but Jiangxi, because China was in a period of war at that time, his parents moved to many places in order to avoid war, and came to Yichang, the birthplace of Zhu Guangya, after several trips. Zhu Guangya was born into an ordinary family, his father Zhu Maogong was a simple and hard-working small clerk, and his mother Wan Huaiying was a traditional old-fashioned woman, intelligent and virtuous, hardworking and simple. Perhaps it is precisely because of inheriting the excellent genes of his parents that Zhu Guangya has created the excellent qualities of hard work, sensitivity and eagerness to learn.
Zhu Guangya attended Hankou No. 1 Primary School when he was less than six years old. Because there was no electric light at that time, when school was over, Zhu Guangya hurried to the house and quickly completed the homework assigned by the teacher before nightfall, of course, this was not to cope with the homework, his homework was always able to complete neatly and neatly, this skill also made the two brothers envious. Zhu Guangya not only maintains quality and quantity in completing homework, but also often learns from the past in his studies. Especially when he encounters a brain-wrenching topic, he never swallows the date, but shows a more and more courageous posture to solve the problem. It is Zhu Guangya's diligent and diligent learning attitude that makes his academic performance always rank among the top in the class and become the pride in the eyes of teachers and parents.
In 1935, Zhu Guangya was admitted to São Paulo Middle School with excellent results, which was a church school with strong teachers at that time. Because it was a church school, there were foreign teachers inside, and there was a foreign teacher who made Zhu Guangya curious, and the appearance of foreign teachers and Chinese was very different, and the foreign language that was completely incomprehensible made Zhu Guangguang have a strong interest in foreign countries and foreign languages. He conscientiously memorized words, in listening, speaking, reading, writing and other aspects of diligent efforts, Huangtian did not pay off, his grades have always been the best in the class, when someone asked Zhu Guangya for advice on the skills of learning, he seriously said that his perception is "hard to read out the true knowledge", this is his accumulation of knowledge and diligent and studious understanding, it is such a sensitive and studious good habit to create his future erudition.
In 1938, Zhu Guangya, who had just graduated from junior high school, and his two older brothers were forced to move to Sichuan, Chongqing and other places due to the war, and successively attended many schools. In 1941, Zhu Guangya graduated from Chongqing Nankai Middle School. During his studies at Nankai Middle School in Chongqing, Zhu Guangya became interested in natural sciences; in particular, he was interested in physics taught by Wei Rongjue; in the same year, he was admitted to the Department of Physics of National Central University. It happened that the person who taught them freshman physics was Professor Zhao Guangzeng, who had just returned from studying in the United States. Mr. Zhao's advanced teaching methods and teaching concepts have made Zhu Guangya edified by the new development of physics.
In the summer of 1942, at the age of 18, Zhu Guangya seized the opportunity of kunming southwest union university at that time to recruit second-year university transfer students. With the help of several classmates, Zhu Guangya successfully applied for the Southwest United University and successfully transferred to the Southwest United University. Since the second year of university, he has been taught by Professors Zhou Peiyuan, Zhao Zhongyao, Wang Zhuxi, Wu Dayu and so on. Under the guidance of many famous teachers, it laid a solid foundation for Zhu Guangya's studies.When the Anti-Japanese War was won in 1945, he stayed in the school as a teaching assistant after graduating from the Department of Physics. Influenced by the two atomic bombs dropped on Japan by the United States at that time, the Nationalist government proposed that China also make atomic bombs. Therefore, the National Government decided to send three scientists, the mathematician Wu Dayu, the chemist Zeng Zhaoyu, and the mathematician Hua Luogeng, to the United States for study and study, and the three were invited from Kunming to Chongqing to discuss matters related to the development of the atomic bomb and to choose outstanding talents in mathematics, physics, chemistry and other fields to follow the delegation. Wu chose Lee Jung-do and Zhu Guangya because he thought they were superior in physics. In order to let the two people have some understanding of atomic physics, Wu Dayu specially opened a quantum mechanics course for them. It is precisely because of this opportunity that Zhu Guangya and Li Zhengdao have established a deep friendship.
In fact, at first, Zhu Guangya did not want to go to the United States, because his father was ill at that time, and his mother alone could not afford the family's expenses, so Zhu Guangya would use his free time to do tutoring or part-time work in order to help the family save money, and also worked part-time as a classroom teacher and class teacher. It can be seen that Zhu Guangya's road to study was difficult at that time, and it was precisely because he did not want to increase the burden on his family, and later because of the influence of patriotic ideas and the advice of his eldest brother Zhu Guangting, he decided to go with Li Zhengdao.
He then embarked on a journey to a foreign land to study, aboard the ocean-going warship "General Meg", to San Francisco. As a result, zhu Guangya and others were told by the United States shortly after they arrived in the United States that they would not open up atomic bomb development technology to any country. Zeng Zhaoli told Zhu Guangya that it was more difficult to learn the atomic bomb in the United States than to ascend to the sky. Let them learn and go to the future. The dream was shattered, but Zhu Guangya did not allow himself to degenerate, but chose to take a different path, and he finally chose to study nuclear physics at the University of Michigan, Professor Wu Dayu's alma mater. He was working on a project while pursuing a doctorate. Here, Zhu Guangya met Zhang Wenyu and Wang Chengshu, whom he met when he was studying at Southwest United University. It is often said that one of the four great joys of life is that he knows it when he meets him. People meet old friends in a foreign country, which is surprising and kind. It is worth mentioning that Zhang and Wang, like Zhu Guangya, later broke through layers of resistance and returned to New China, contributing to the development of the nuclear cause of New China and struggling side by side.
Zhu Guangya studied diligently in the United States and published a number of nuclear physics research papers, which allowed Zhu Guangya to leave his own young footprint in the rapidly developing nuclear physics major. It is this hard-working attitude that has enabled him to make achievements in nuclear physics research. Zhu Guangya not only made achievements in academics, but also took the initiative in propagating patriotic ideas. He was the president of the University of Michigan's Chinese Students' Association at the time, the president of the Midwest Science and Technology Association chapter for Students studying in the United States, and an activist in the North American Christian Chinese Student Union, which was the two largest organizations among middle school students in the United States at that time. He also often organizes students to participate in patriotic and progressive activities, and it is also in this activity that Zhu Guangya meets miss Xu Huijun, the love of his life. At that time, Miss Xu Huijun participated in these patriotic propaganda activities, and when she listened to Zhu Guangya's speech, she was attracted by his patriotic feelings and became acquainted with him.
Xu Huijun was born in Shuxiangmendi, her father Xu Chongqing was the president of Sun Yat-sen University, and her grandfather Liao Zhongshu was a brother to Mr. Liao Zhongkai, a pioneer of the democratic revolution. The prominence of her family made Ms. Hui Huijun accept progressive ideas when she went to the United States to study. Because he got along well with Zhu Guangya, he often went to the activities he organized. It was also at that time that the common ideal made two people go from knowing each other to falling in love. However, in the environment of China's internal and external troubles at that time, Zhu Guangya did not indulge in the love of his children, and in his eyes, the most important thing now is to save the Chinese people from water and fire, and to link his fate with the fate of the motherland.
When the news of the founding of New China reached the United States, Zhu Guangya was ecstatic, and he quickly conveyed this touching news to his classmates and called on the students who stayed in the United States to return to China as soon as possible to build the motherland. He also wrote his own "Hurry Back to China Song", "Don't hesitate, don't hesitate." Go home, go home! These words that have deeply penetrated the hearts of the people inspire and inspire the vast number of students studying in the United States, and he is calling on the students studying in the United States to return to China while making preparations for returning to China. From the end of 1949, Zhu Guangya also personally drafted an "Open Letter to Students Studying in the United States", calling on Chinese students studying in the United States to return to China to participate in construction. He also sent the letter to international students in various parts of the United States for circulation and signature, and jointly signed it. By the second year, 53 international students who had decided to return home had signed their names. It was Zhu Guangya's open letter that allowed him to bring back 52 international students besides himself. With a pure heart, Zhu Guangya embarked on the road back to China with great expectations and was determined to build a new China.
In 1950, after many difficulties, Zhu Guangya finally returned to the embrace of the motherland on the "President Cleveland" ship via Hong Kong to The Luohu Port in Shenzhen. Many international students returned to the embrace of the motherland, and at that time, it was like a hundred rivers returning to the sea, and everyone was full of glory and hesitation, making plans to dedicate all their strength to new China. And when Zhu Guangya stepped onto this familiar land, a sense of pride and intimacy in his heart sprang up. As a doctor of nuclear physics, he has long been determined in his heart to dedicate all his efforts to the study of nuclear physics in the motherland to fill the gap in Nuclear Physics in China.
Zhu Guangya rushed to his hometown after getting off the ship, eager to see his hometown and relatives who had been separated for a long time, and when he returned home to see his parents and brothers who had been separated for a long time, all the worries and thoughts at this moment, even if a thousand words were difficult to express his excitement and excitement. However, after a brief reunion, this brief warmth was shattered by an urgent telegram from Beijing, which hoped that Zhu Guangya would rush to teach in the physics department of Peking University, on the one hand, the needs of the motherland, and the filial piety of serving his parents. This made Zhu Guangya have to abandon his small family to take care of everyone and do his best to build a new China. Immediately go to Beijing to teach.
Zhu Guangya is such a selfless dedication person, putting the interests of the country in the supreme position, he always pays silently without asking for returns, and does extraordinary things in a low-key manner in his post. He put the physics equipment he purchased from the United States into physics teaching, vividly and vividly taught the boring courses, and selflessly passed on what he had learned all his life to the students, because at that time, New China was in urgent need of a large number of professionals, so Zhu Guangya was eager to spark and was eager to pass on all his knowledge to them in one go. At that time, Zhu Guangya was in his youth and middle age, and there was little difference in age from the students, so Zhu Guangya did not put up a high shelf to his classmates, but was as humble and approachable as the big brother of his classmates. Therefore, it is in this way that zhu Guangya educates students and enables Zhu Guangya to cultivate a large number of talents for the motherland.
Zhu Guangya and Qian Xuesen
When the Korean War broke out in 1950, because the United States controlled South Korea at that time and threatened to use atomic bombs on the Korean Peninsula, Zhu Guangya wrote an article on the matter entitled :"The article on atomic bombs and atomic weapons explains the principles of the atomic bomb to people, and at the same time calls on people to oppose the use of atomic bombs." Zhu Guangya has left his own figure in the war to maintain world peace and oppose injustice. In August 1950, Miss Xu Huijun also returned from her studies, and Zhu Guangya, who was in Beijing at this time, took time to come to Guangzhou to pick her up, Miss Xu Huijun studied chemistry at the University of Michigan, and was hired by the Central Institute of Health after returning. Soon after, Zhu Guangya and Miss Xu Huijun married and held a grand wedding ceremony in Beijing. Since then, the husband and wife have both thrown themselves into the ranks of building a new China, and they are both husband and wife and comrades-in-arms in their careers, and they are friends who fight side by side for the development of building a new China. For some time after that, Zhu Guangya always followed his heart and worked hard to build Chinese his own atomic bomb. It is Zhu Guangya's spirit of perseverance and hard work that finally turned his dream into reality and realized his ideal of pursuing a lifetime.
In 1952, the Korean War entered a stalemate between the two sides, and China and the United States began to solve the Korean issue through diplomatic means. At that time, the country urgently needed some English teachers with high political awareness and high English proficiency to go to Korea as translators. Zhu Guangya, who had just gotten married at the time, was chosen to go to North Korea. Because of the confidentiality of the work, when Xu Huijun asked where Zhu Guangya was going, Zhu Guangya humorously said, "Go to the northeast to fight tigers!" With Xu Huijun's ingenuity, he guessed his unspeakable secret, so he asked a few words and did not ask more. Zhu Guangya changed into the clothes of the Chinese Volunteer Army and followed Professor Qian of Peking University and his party to Korea to negotiate with US imperialism. Because armistice negotiations require a high degree of principle and policy, they often fall into a stalemate in negotiations, sometimes the two sides face each other for several hours without a word. During the negotiations, the United States repeatedly threatened China with nuclear weapons, and it was during the negotiations that Zhu Guangya strengthened his determination to manufacture nuclear weapons for China. During this period, he gradually developed a rigorous style of thinking about problems thoughtfully and carefully, which has important guiding significance for his future work.
With the sharp reduction of the negotiation tasks, Zhu Guangya and others were also transferred back to China, and the military coat they wore when they were carrying out translation work at that time was retained, so that they still wore this military coat when they were still working on nuclear weapons research in the future, and this military coat accompanied Zhu Guangya through the war years of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, as well as the years of struggle to develop nuclear weapons, which is of great commemorative significance to Zhu Guangya. It also reflects Zhu Guangya's life style of thriftiness and hard work.
In 1952, Zhu Guangya returned to China without stopping, due to the needs of building socialism, the central government sent Zhu Guangya and others to the northeast to create the Department of Physics of Northeast Renmin University, where Zhu Guangya and several leaders jointly led teachers and students to create the first-class physics department in China, and achieved remarkable results in a few years, which was inseparable from Zhu Guangya's diligent work attitude. During his teaching and educating people, his meticulous attitude of responsibility for students also allowed him to cultivate a large number of outstanding talents for the country. Among them are Chen Jiaer, who was the president of Peking University, and Song Jiashu, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was Zhu Guangya's hard work that ushered in the peach and plum fragrance. This is Zhu Guangya, when the country needs it, selflessly dedicate his talents to the motherland, show the noble qualities of being a scientist and educator, teach students how to behave while imparting knowledge, and cultivate a large number of pillars for the country.
From the end of the 1950s, China began to formulate plans for the development of China's atomic bomb, during which Time Zhu Guangya participated in the construction of a modern physics research laboratory and shouldered the burden of cultivating the first batch of atomic energy professionals, and it was at this time that Zhu Guangya joined the Communist Party of China. Due to the lack of technology at that time, a scientific and technological cadre who was proficient in technical business and good at organization and management was urgently needed. And it was a chance to find a candidate, And Qian Sanqiang set his sights on Zhu Guangya, deputy director of the Neutron Physics Laboratory at the Institute of Atomic Energy at the time, and this recommended candidate was finally adopted by the leadership. In 1959, Song Renqian and other scientists invited Zhu Guangya and took the initiative to invite Zhu Guangya to participate in the research and development of the atomic bomb. Zhu Guangya was thrilled, and the dream he pursued as a student gradually became a reality at this moment.
At exactly 3 p.m. on October 16, 1964, a huge mushroom cloud rose in the northwest gobi of China. Zhu Guangya saw the rising mushroom cloud and couldn't help but burst into tears. After completing the theory of atomic bomb design under layers of difficulties, Zhu Guangya organized researchers to formulate the design principle of hydrogen bomb. Subsequently, scientific researchers were organized to overcome difficulties, gradually improved and formulated the hydrogen bomb design plan, and successfully completed the hydrogen bomb experiment. In June 1967, China's first hydrogen bomb was successfully detonated, and a new milestone was erected in the history of China's nuclear weapons development.
China exploded the first atomic and hydrogen bombs, and Zhu Guangya's life's painstaking efforts and ideals were finally realized at this moment. China became the fourth country in the world to have independently developed nuclear weapons, and China can only stand up with the atomic bomb. With the atomic bomb, the ability to defend oneself is acquired. China's atomic bomb resounded through the sky, shattering the illusion of US imperialism trying to occupy Asia and realize hegemonism and power politics. Zhu Guangya once said: "The development of China's nuclear industry from scratch to today's level is the result of vigorous cooperation across the country, pouring out collective wisdom and painstaking efforts." Many scientists, engineers and technicians have made outstanding contributions, many have made sacrifices, and some comrades have even contributed their precious lives. "This noble cause is the result of the youth and blood of thousands of chinese scientific and technological workers, and some even paid for their lives." Mr. Zhu Guangya devoted his life to one thing — engaging in Chinese his own nuclear weapons. He has made outstanding contributions not only to the development of China's nuclear weapons, but also to the development of China's national defense science and technology and scientific and technological construction.
I write this article with reverence in memory of Mr. Zhu Lao. The short text is not enough to show the glorious life of Mr. Zhu Lao. In the era of arduous scientific research conditions at that time, Mr. Zhu Lao, as the "marshal of all marshals", opened up China's independent research and development of nuclear weapons, and he used his life to illuminate China's nuclear weapons cause. In 2011, Mr. Zhu Lao died of illness in Beijing. On the day of Zhu Lao's death, heavy snow fell in Beijing. The fall of the superstar represents the passing of an era, but the great wheel of history never stops, Mr. Zhu Lao has not disappeared, he will always live in our hearts, live in the hearts of our 1.4 billion Chinese people. The heroic spirit is the national spirit, and it is the driving force that inspires us to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. General Secretary Xi Jinping said: "Advocating heroes will produce heroes, and striving to be heroes can produce heroes." "We must learn from Mr. Zhu Lao, learn from the heroic qualities of Mr. Zhu Lao, and from Mr. Zhu Lao, I see the epitome of generations of outstanding Communist Party members, the figure of the vast number of workers who have worked for the construction and development of new China, and the great bodies of those benevolent people who once served the nation." The vast number of our young people will also strive to dedicate their strength to building a prosperous, strong, democratic, and civilized modern socialist country.
We young people should learn from the beautiful qualities of Mr. Zhu Lao and other outstanding party members, start from now on, work hard, study diligently, and hold high the banner of patriotism. In the long river of history, we are bound to encounter all kinds of difficult problems that hinder social development, which requires us to emancipate our minds as well as broaden our minds, to establish the idea of serving the people wholeheartedly like Mr. Zhu Lao, to seek truth from facts, to maintain close ties with the broad masses, to work hard, and to make selfless contributions.