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Zhang Zongchang has three countless counts: the number of soldiers is uncountable, the money is uncountable, and the aunt and wife are uncountable. This is not anecdotal rumor, but he himself said it.
Once, Zhang Zongchang said to a friend:
"I also have doctrines, called 'three ignorances', also called 'three-more'. In my lifetime, I don't know how many soldiers there are, how much money I have, how much money my aunt has. ”
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The name Zhang Zongchang has been labeled by later generations: white-faced traitors, one-man thieves, chaotic tyrants, and jumping beam clowns.
To tell the truth, these words are placed on Zhang Zongchang's body, which can be described as accurate. But it must also be admitted that Zhang Zongchang can mix with the hegemonic side, and it is certainly not because of these "abilities". There is a recorded story that allows us to see another side of him.
Once, Zhang Zongchang recruited a miscellaneous team to join him, and in order to appease these people, Zhang Zongchang agreed to allocate a "preparatory fee" of 10,000 yuan to the ocean.
Who knew that when it came time to receive the money, the leader of this rogue kou actually added a vertical to the word "one" without authorization, which became "ten" million oceans. The quartermaster office found that something was wrong and immediately went to Zhang Zongchang to verify.
After Zhang Zongchang found out, he actually said yes to the quartermaster department, and finally allocated 100,000 yuan.
A few days later, Zhang Zongchang patted the leader on the shoulder when he summoned him and said, "Brother, fortunately, you have been merciful in your pen and have only added a vertical." If you add two shafts, won't you become two hundred thousand? (One word plus two verticals is "cursive character head", the same twenty, meaning twenty), at that time, I was afraid that the quartermaster office could not come up with these many oceans. Haha laughed.
Zhang Zongchang said again: "Well, we will have it later." Your brother has to do that. Since then, this leader has always been grateful and loyal to Zhang Zongchang.
Zhang Zongchang
After Zhang Zongchang became big in Shandong, there were many bandits who came to defect, and he also appointed officials at will. Over time, the number of officials under his command became innumerable. The people of Jinan City therefore sarcastically said: "The lieutenants walk all over the streets, and the dispatches are more like dogs", and it didn't take long to become "commanders walking all over the streets, and staff officers are like dogs!" ”
Some people around him advised Zhang Zongchang to lay off employees, but he did not agree and also said his own reasoning.
"Aren't these more than 200,000 people all coming for me Zhang Zongchang now?" The reason why they voted for me is because I did not skimp on sealing their officials and giving them money, so that I could satisfy the desire for fame and fortune. If I, like others, am stingy with both officials and money, and the world is so big, why should they have to vote for me? What's more, all my fame and profits are also earned by these people, and what can I lose if I 'take it from others and give it to others'? ”
As a tyrant in the chaotic world, his set of jianghu logic has indeed enveloped many people. For example, the "Tanglin thief" Sun Dianying has always been dead to Zhang Zongchang.
However, in the eyes of ordinary toiling people, Zhang Zongchang is another face. If he wants to give people a knighthood, he can only expropriate and exploit them by any means.
During Zhang Zongchang's "Tulu", he formulated various laws and cleverly set up a name to collect taxes on his own. He once issued 10 million "Shandong local public bonds", 10 million "red land mu additional donations", and "military tickets" 10 million.
This is not the end, Zhang Zongchang's harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes in Shandong are even more numerous and difficult to count, of which there are 60 to 70 kinds of "names". In addition to the land endowment, at that time, Shandong also had tobacco and alcohol taxes, mineral taxes, feast taxes, fishing vessel taxes, green vegetable taxes... There are also various "fee donations", such as barracks donations, military shoes donations, ordnance donations, prostitute donations, human head donations, pot donations, dog donations, chicken donations, etc., and so on.
What is even more exaggerated is that Zhang Zongchang also levied a "big dung donation", which became a satirical and sarcastic excuse for posterity, just like his "poems".
On February 10, 1927, Zhang Zongchang gave his stepfather his 76th birthday. At his order, the "civil servants" of shandong's military and political circles were deducted 30%-50% of their salaries as a congratulatory gift. In the face of the warlord with heavy troops, the crowd could only dare to be angry and dare not speak.
At that time, there was a folk song in Jinan: "Zhang Zongchang sat in Jinan, he also wanted silver and money, chickens paid taxes to dogs to pay donations, who should disobey and shave their eyes."
Under Zhang Zongchang's brutal rule, more than 700 businesses in Jinan collapsed in 1927 alone, and in the winter of 1928, 1 million people fled Jinan and emigrated to the northeast.
As a native of Shandong, Zhang Zongchang has no local friendship for his hometown of Shandong, and his exploitation is far beyond that of ordinary warlords. This also became one of the reasons why he was denounced by the population after his death. In the past, there were many satirical passages in the cross-talk industry that satirized Han Fuyu, but in fact, the real prototype was Zhang Zongchang. In contrast, Han Fuyu, a native of Hebei, still has some pity for Shandong.
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Zhang Zongchang was lustful by nature and had a large number of wives and concubines. How many aunts and wives are there? Is the surname Li or the surname Zhang? No one can figure it out. Even Zhang Zongchang himself was confused.
Because there were so many aunts and wives that even Zhang Zongchang himself could not remember, he simply numbered these aunts and wives, or added a place name. For example, "Aunt No. 24" who lives in Fengtian, "Mrs. Suzhou" who lives in Suzhou, and "Mrs. Hangzhou" who lives in Hangzhou. In addition, he has many foreign wives, such as Mrs. Belarus and Mrs. Goryeo.
Zhang Zongchang married his aunt and wife, which was simply "willful" to the point of not being able to do it.
Every time he goes to a place, "Zhang Dashuai" must visit the kiln, as long as there is a favorite, he will immediately rent a room, hang a sign of "Zhang Mansion", and then send a soldier to the door to stop, which is even if there is another aunt. In two days, he would have forgotten all about his newly married aunt.
The final outcome of this kind of aunt and wife is often that the guards at the door run away and the aunt returns to her old business. When some of the disciples of the city went to the kiln again, they often ridiculed: "Go, find Zhang Zongchang's wife to sleep." When this kind of thing reached Zhang Zongchang, he also laughed and ignored it, not caring at all.
Zhang Zongchang attended private school, but did not read much. After taking power, he also liked to be vassal and elegant like other "big marshals".
When he was in Shandong, he invited King Shoupeng, the last branch of the late Qing Dynasty, to teach him to write poetry. Speaking of Zhang Zongchang's poems, it can be described as shocking and influential. Whether at that time or in later generations, Zhang Dashuai's poems were widely circulated. Here are excerpts from some of his masterpieces:
I also write a big wind song.
Cannons opened to bombard his mother, Wei Jia Hai Nei Xi returned to his hometown, counted the heroes Xi Zhang Zongchang, and Ande giant whales swallowed Fusang!
Daming Lake
Daming Lake, Ming Lake is large, there are lotus flowers in Daming Lake, and there are toads on the lotus flowers, poking and jumping.
Baotu Spring
Baotu Spring, Spring Baotu, Three Strands of Water, Light Grunt,
Grunt grunt grunt grunt.
Rain
The Jade Emperor's grandfather is also surnamed Zhang, why is it difficult for Zhang Zongchang?
It won't rain for three days, first pick up the Dragon Emperor Temple, and then bombard your mother with cannons.
"Zhang Dashuai" loves money, sex, and poetry, but what he loves most "loves" is the White Russian Army under his command.
Zhang Zongchang regarded these "old Maozi" who could fight as treasures, and his attitude toward them was very different from that of the Chinese soldiers. At that time, ordinary Chinese soldiers could only eat the staple food of sorghum noodles, and usually ordered pickles or vegetable soup. But the White Russian soldiers ate beef, bread and vegetables every day, and the officers ate Western food every day, and good wine and good meat did not fall.
Zhang Zuolin was also very supportive of Zhang Zongchang's raising of the White Russian Army.
In September 1924, the Soviet government intervened with Zhang Zuolin, condemning Bong's efforts to absorb the White Russian Army. Zhang Zuolin was worthy of being a tyrant, and with a few means he easily defused this diplomatic crisis: he gave these White Russian officers and soldiers a vigorous naturalization ceremony, let all these people join the Chinese nationality, and gave them an official name called "Naturalization Army".
Zhang Zuolin appointed Zhang Zongchang as the commander-in-chief of the "Naturalization Army" and the Russian Mirov as the "Deputy Commander", and set up the "Naturalization Army" headquarters in Jinan.
In the 1920s and 1930s, the number of White Russians living in China was very large, so Zhang Zongchang never worried about whether he could replenish the soldiers in time. In order to recruit White Russia, Zhang Zongchang set up recruitment offices for the "Naturalization Army" in Harbin and Tianjin, and sent two White Russian lieutenant colonels to serve as the heads of the "recruitment offices."
Inheriting the Tradition of "Poor Military Discipline" of the Russians, the same is true of this "naturalization army" in China. Although these old maozi fought bravely, they often brutalized Chinese civilians.
When fighting, they get drunk and flaunt everywhere they go. The lightest was beating the people, and the heaviest was the rape of women. At that time, women were often small-footed and faltering, so they were easily caught by the White Russian soldiers, "from the fornication, and from the refusal to kill." The people hated these White Russian soldiers to the bone.
Zhang Zongchang is not unaware of the evil deeds of the White Russian soldiers, but he only values the bravery of the White Russian soldiers in battle, but rarely pursues their violations of the law, and even deliberately shields them. He once stipulated that a military court could not sentence Belarusian soldiers to death. This was an open connivance of the Belarusian soldiers.
On the right is a White Russian soldier wearing Zhang Zongchang's armband
Most of Zhang Zongchang's White Russian soldiers could not speak Chinese, but everyone would say two words: "Zhang Zongchang" and "Old Maozi". When fighting, whenever friendly troops asked the White Russian soldiers for the password, they replied with Chinese: "Zhang Zongchang, old Maozi." Someone joked with them and asked, who is your dad? The White Russian soldier replied, "Zhang Zongchang." ”
These jokes reached Zhang Zongchang's ears, and he also said solemnly: "They are dying overseas, I took them in, is not what is Daddy?" ”
Although Zhang Zongchang relied heavily on ironclad trains and White Russian soldiers, they suffered a great loss at the hands of Sun Chuanfang.
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In 1925, in order to duel with Sun Chuanfang's "Five Provinces Alliance", Zhang Zongchang mobilized 60,000 troops in Shandong to Xuzhou. The leader was led by the "first echelon of advance" of the White Russian army led by Nekaev.
In order to win this battle, Zhang Zuolin also made meticulous personnel arrangements. He appointed Zhang Zongchang as the commander-in-chief of the defense of the four provinces of Zhilu, Anhui, and Suzhou, and established five armies, of which the main force was three: Zhang Zongchang was also the commander of the First Army, Shi Congbin was the commander of the Second Army, and Sun Zongxian was the commander of the Third Army.
Nominally, the three armies should go hand in hand, but in fact, their strength is very different. Shi Congbin's troops were not from the Fengjun clan, but the local troops originally stationed in Shandong, that is, the Lu Army, were inferior to Zhang Zongchang in terms of soldiers and weapons.
Before the war, Zhang Zongchang, Shi Congbin, and Sun Zongxian also "married the righteousness in the Taoyuan" and worshipped the handle. Shi Congbin was the longest, Sun Zong was second, and Zhang Zongchang was third. After the worship, Zhang Zongchang let out a bold statement: "There are three of our brothers guarding this place, even if Sun Lang has millions of soldiers." But the reality of bone feeling gave Zhang Zongchang a blow to the head.
Sun Chuanfang's troops
Zhang Zongchang planned to first use Shi Congbin's troops to engage Sun Chuanfang near Bengbu. Before the battle, Zhang Zongchang, Mirov and Shi Congbin had dinner in Xuzhou. After the meal, Zhang Zongchang summoned Gustrauf to discuss how the ironclad team could cooperate with Shi Congbin.
Gustrauf said to Zhang Zongchang with confidence: With the ironclad team in front, we can hit Shanghai in one breath.
However, after the battle began, the White Russian army led by Nekaev failed to advance in tandem with Shi Congbin. When Shi Congbin entered Bengbu, the White Russian army was still far north of Bengbu, which made Shi Congbin fall into a situation of going deep alone.
Sun Chuanfang, who is also a veteran of the battlefield, seized the opportunity to send two large armies to form a pincer-shaped offensive and storm the city of Bengbu. Shi Congbin's troops were originally poorly trained old and weak soldiers, and they had no fighting spirit when they entered the predicament. After a little resistance, Shi Bu was defeated and retreated, and Bengbu was occupied by Sun Chuanfang.
Bengbu was lost over there, but the White Russian army was still burning and looting in Guqiao Town, north of Bengbu. Moreover, the White Russians also did a disgraceful thing, they madly tortured and killed more than 50 prisoners of Sun Chuanfang's troops, and these prisoners were gouged out by the White Russian soldiers, cut their noses, and took hearts.
The news reached Sun Chuanfang's troops, instantly detonating Sun Jun and boosting their morale. The main force of Sun's army immediately launched a fierce attack on the positions of the White Russian Army.
The White Russian soldiers did not show weakness, many of them took off their shirts and fought shirtless, according to witnesses at the time: the White Russian army held a wine bottle in one hand, carried a rifle with a good bayonet in the other, and attacked while drinking, which was extremely fierce.
However, Sun Chuanfang's troops were large and all the heavy machine guns and artillery were concentrated, and the battle ended with the fiasco of White Russia. After the war, the White Russian soldiers were also captured alive by Sun Chuanfang.
Faced with the corpses of the vanguard troops who were tortured and killed, Sun Chuanfang's soldiers were extremely angry. In order to avenge the slain officers and soldiers, they treated them in the same way as they did, and also tortured these White Russian soldiers. Some of the captured White Russian soldiers were hung alive from trees and burned alive, while others were hung on buildings as targets. It was not until the brigade commander Li Junyi arrived that these barbaric acts were stopped.
After the battle, Nekayev's "first echelon" suffered more than 800 casualties, was tortured to death more than 300 people, and has been seriously injured ever since.
As for Shi Congbin, he intended to fight again after the defeat of Bengbu, and Zhang Zongchang also transferred the ironclad chariot to Shi Congbin to command, trying to win back a round, but this time the ironclad train failed to be as invincible as before.
Because Zhang Zongchang's White Russian ironclad trains were too famous, Sun Chuanfang paid special attention to them and did not dare to take the enemy lightly. During the battle, Sun Chuanfang first ordered people to demolish a large section of the railway in front of the ironclad car, and then detoured to destroy the returning railway. Leaving the railway, you can't move, which is the weakness of the ironclad train.
By the time Shi Congbin, who was riding an ironclad train to supervise the battle, found himself in a dilemma, he was already surrounded by a large number of Sun troops.
Shi Congbin was anxious to break through and ordered the ironclad train to rush north. When they reached the south side of Guzhen to cross the iron bridge, they found that the bridge was crowded with people fleeing north along the railway. The railway was blocked, and Shi Congbin had to order the "Yangtze River" ironclad car to drive south. But just a dozen miles out, I saw Sun Chuanfang's large army rushing to kill. The ironclad had to turn around and head north back to Guzhen, but by this time the bridge deck was still crowded with defeated soldiers.
At the moment of life and death, Shi Congbin could not care about the lives of these people. He crossed his heart and gave the order to the White Russian officer through the interpreter: Rush across the bridge!
At that time, the officers and men crowded on the bridge were estimated to be thousands of people, and the ironclad vehicle of the "Yangtze River" sounded a terrible whistle and began to rush the bridge. So a human tragedy began to unfold, and under the crushing of the train, a large number of soldiers were swept into the wheel. Blood and flesh flew on the bridge, and the screams were earth-shattering.
Some of the soldiers' lower bodies were crushed by Qi Qi, but their upper bodies were still intact, blood gushed out of their mouths, and among those who were seriously injured were many middle-ranking and senior officers, and these half-dead people cried out: "Please, give me a shot, give me a shot." Seeing this scene, the civilian staff accompanying the army trembled with fright and cried bitterly.
Shi Congbin, who crossed the bridge, did not escape in the end. Sun Chuanfang's army had already demolished the railway north of the Guzhen Bridge, and when the ironclad train rushed to a short distance from the Guzhen Bridge, the train driver suddenly saw that the tracks were demolished, and it was too late to brake, and the train finally broke out of the tracks and overturned on the side of the railway, and Shi Congbin and his entourage were all captured.
After being captured, Shi Congbin was beheaded by Sun Chuanfang at the age of 60 in the wilderness south of Bengbu Railway Station. After his death, he was brutally brutalized for three days and three nights, and his head hung at Bengbu Station for public display. Sun Chuanfang also ordered people to write the words on the white cloth: "The new Anhui Governor Shi Congbin's head" and hang them next to the corpse for humiliation.
Sun Chuanfang's bottomlessness broke the Beiyang system's rule of "not killing political enemies."
During the Beiyang period, "do not kill and surrender" was an axiom that everyone obeyed at that time. Generals who have lost their lives are usually not in danger of their lives as long as they are electrified and withdrawn from politics. In China at that time, all the warlords who "killed and surrendered" did not end well in the end.
Many years later, Sun Chuanfang was assassinated in Tianjin by Shi Congbin's daughter Shi Jianqiao, and the corpse of the Buddhist Hall was also a karmic retribution.
Shi Congbin
Shortly after the capsizing of the Yangtze River, the ironclad train "Great Wall" commanded by Gustrauf also suffered bad luck.
After the Fengshi army was besieged, Gustrov commanded the Great Wall in an attempt to break through to the north. But just after 12 midnight, they triggered a mine buried on the railway near Guzhen, and the violent explosion destroyed the tracks and body, and the ironclad car was suddenly in a dilemma.
Surrounded by a large number of Sun Chuanfang's soldiers who had long been ambushed nearby, the only thing the White Russian soldiers could do was to desperately strafe with machine guns in ironclad vehicles.
Eventually, the ironclad ran out of ammunition. Under the blockade of the other side's fire, the White Russian soldiers could not get off the train to repair the railway. Seeing that the sky was lacking in skill, Gustrov, who had a strong sense of military honor, committed suicide by raising a gun.
His deputy, Bux, knew that these people had done no evil in ordinary times, and both the Chinese soldiers and the people had long been resentful, and now once captured, it was difficult to survive. So he also led the remnants of the White Russian soldiers, all of whom committed suicide on the ironclad train.
From a technical point of view alone, although the ironclad train was once popular, after all, there is a shortcoming that is difficult to overcome, that is, it is inseparable from the railway, and the railway is easily destroyed by the place. Therefore, in the history of weapon development, the ironclad train is a "flash in the pan" and the vitality is not long. It was all the rage in World War I, but by World War II it was largely gone.
The two ironclad convoys were completely annihilated, Zhang Zongchang was heartbroken, he and Mirov quarreled several times, and the two blamed each other. Mirov accused the infantry of not following up, so that the ironclad car lost cover; Zhang Zongchang accused the ironclad convoy of not sending scouts to understand the enemy's situation, but only to escape.
Here Zhang Zongchang was beating his chest, but Sun Chuanfang was full of spirits over there. He gathered more than 10,000 of Zhang Zongchang's men who had been captured and lectured them. Sun Chuanfang said, "Zhang Zongchang is a bandit! We ordinary people in Shandong were killed by him (Sun Chuanfang is a native of Tai'an, Shandong). Let's work together to drive Zhang Zongchang, the bandit, away! Let the people of our hometown live a peaceful life! ”
The captured officers and men shouted in unison: "Willing to go with Marshal Sun!" Then, the captured soldiers were rearranged and returned their guns, turned their guns and began to fight Zhang Zongchang.
On November 8, Sun Chuanfang occupied Xuzhou, and Zhang Zongchang retreated north.
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When Zhang Zongchang returned to Shandong, the first thing he did was to rebuild his White Russian army.
Through the recruitment office in Tianjin, Zhang Zongchang filled the first echelon of the advance army in a very short period of time, and the total number of White Russian soldiers once again reached 2,000.
In order to regain momentum, Zhang Zongchang changed the number of the White Russian Army, no longer called "the first echelon of advance", but upgraded to a divisional level, and the number became "The Sixty-fifth Independent Division of the Feng Army", which is what everyone calls the "White Russian Division".
Zhang Zongchang also recruited more than 1,000 Chinese soldiers on the basis of more than 2,000 White Russian soldiers and organized them into a Chinese brigade. Two White Russian regiments, plus a Chinese brigade, collectively known as the "Sixty-fifth Independent Division".
In addition, Zhang Zongchang also established an "independent cavalry regiment". The regiment consisted of about 300 men, all Cossack cavalry. They were fierce and brave in battle, and the regimental commander, Kim Jong-in, was a Russian-Korean. This cavalry regiment often undertook the task of sneaking attacks and encircling strong points, which was Zhang Zongchang's magic weapon for victory.
Zhang Zongchang even set up a Fleet of Belarusian Military aircraft, with more than 10 monoplanes. The commander was also a former Colonel of the Imperial Russian Air Corps who had been displaced in the northeast, named Andrei Shuk. This person also recruited a group of pilots, bombardiers and shooters from the former Imperial Russian army to join the aircraft fleet to serve Zhang Zongchang.
However, one of the things Zhang Zongchang wanted to do most was to rebuild his White Russian ironclad fleet.
In 1926, he spent a lot of money and finally hired Belarusian engineers to design it for him, and the Jinpu Railway Locomotive Factory built four armored trains with high-horsepower locomotives, named "Taishan", "Shandong", "Yungui" and "Henan".
This time, they learned from the experience of the failure of the "Yangtze River" and the "Great Wall" and adopted a new process. The newly built ironclad train consists of 8 cars. The first section is a material car, using flat wagons carrying rails, sleepers and road-building equipment, ready to be repaired immediately when the railway is damaged; the second section is a turret car, equipped with wagons, and divided into three layers to install field guns, mortars and heavy machine guns; the third section is a machine gun car; the fourth section is a locomotive; the fifth section is a commander's car with a dining car; the last three sections are the same as the first three sections.
After these eight carriages, another stuffy tank car carrying two platoons of infantry was hung as a cover force.
Each ironclad car was equipped with seven Fengtian-made 38-type field guns, two mortars, and 24 heavy machine guns, which was a veritable "ironclad fortress". The newly built ironclad trains were also handed over to the command of White Russian officers, and each train carried more than a hundred White Russian officers and soldiers. However, Zhang Zongchang, who was exhausted by military force, did not escape the fate of being wiped out by the Northern Expeditionary Army.
In May 1926, the Northern Expeditionary Army officially set out from Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, and advanced into Hunan, opening the prelude to the Northern Expedition. The end of the Beiyang warlords is just around the corner.
The Northern Expeditionary Army marched all the way north, winning successive battles.
Wu Peifu was defeated by the Northern Expeditionary Army in the Two Lakes, and retreated to Henan in a hurry, and in October 1926 the Northern Expeditionary Army captured Wuchang. In January 1927, Sun Chuanfang secretly went to Tianjin, and he wanted to release his former suspicions with Zhang Zuolin and jointly fight against the Northern Expeditionary Army.
In order to safely pass through Zhang Zongchang's territory, Sun Chuanfang disguised herself as a businessman, wearing a gray cloth coat and carrying only two pistols to the north. While passing through Shandong, he was not discovered by secret agents. After Sun Chuanfang arrived in Tianjin, he immediately hung up the phone with Zhang Zuolin from the British Concession, and after the phone was connected, Sun Chuanfang said: "I am Sun Chuanfang, from the south, and I have something to do with business. ”
After the two met, Sun Chuanfang saluted Zhang Zuolin and said, "I'm sorry Marshal." Zhang Zuolin said: "Don't mention the past", and the two turned enemies into friends, and Sun Chuanfang has been attached to the feng family ever since. Soon, Zhang Zongchang received an order from Zhang Zuolin: the fire rate of the Zhilu coalition army went south to support Sun Chuanfang.
Before going south, Zhang Zongchang reviewed his own "Zhilu Coalition Army" for the sake of zhuangjun might, but he did not expect to be angry.
On the day of the review, Zhang Zongchang took a straight seat on the rostrum in his military uniform. After the parade troops appeared, he could hardly believe his eyes: the soldiers were not in order, and the officers and assistants were not used to running and saluting. Finally, an officer wearing glasses actually saluted with his left hand, and Zhang Zongchang was furious, picked up the copper ink cartridge in front of him and smashed it.
It was not until the White Russian army came on the field that Zhang Zongchang turned from anger to joy, and the White Russian soldiers were full of spirit and well-trained. When the Cossacks of the Independent Cavalry Regiment performed equestrian sword swinging, Zhang Zongchang couldn't help but shout in Russian: "Hala less!" Hala less! ”
During the shooting performance of the White Russian soldiers of the 65th Independent Division, the pants of a White Russian soldier were torn apart when he was lying down, revealing flesh. Zhang Zongchang saw that the uniforms of the White Russian soldiers were so worn, and scolded his mother on the spot. He yelled at the chief of staff, "What are you doing with this chief of the general staff?" Let their clothes be torn like this! Then he turned back and scolded Zhao Hengbao, the brigade commander of the Chinese Brigade: "Look at you, what kind of old Maozi I have made." ”
At the end of the review, Zhang Zongchang lectured the senior officers: "You commanders are bullshit! What college students, talents, and students are bullshit! Fighting wars is not useful. I Zhang Zongchang have not studied, I crawled out of the blood, if you occupy the latrine and do not, you will all move the nest for me. ”
Finally, Zhang Zongchang ordered that the White Russian soldiers be rewarded with 4 pieces of ocean each, and the other soldiers 2 pieces each.
At the beginning of 1927, Zhang Zongchang mobilized more than 100,000 Zhilu troops to enter Nanjing and Shanghai to assist Sun Chuanfang. Even so, it was difficult to stop the Northern Expeditionary Army. The Beiyang warlords who once controlled China's military and political affairs were gone at this time, and the Northern Expeditionary Army completely took the initiative. As the Northern Expeditionary Army advanced towards East China, all the warlords were successively annexed.
Sun Chuanfang, seeing that the general situation was gone, fled to Yangzhou with his troops; Zhang Zongchang's Eleventh Army was also defeated.
In March, the Northern Expeditionary Army occupied Nanjing and Shanghai, and then crossed the river to the north, and the Zhilu coalition army was defeated and retreated; in May, the Northern Expeditionary Army captured Bengbu, and Zhang Zongchang led the remnants back to Jinan.
On June 18, 1927, in order to unite the Beiyang clan to resist the Northern Expedition, Zhang Zuolin was inaugurated as the "Grand Marshal of the Army and Navy of the Anguo Military Government" at HuairenTang in Zhongnanhai, formally exercising the supreme ruling power of the Republic of China and sitting on the highest power throne. Sun Chuanfang was appointed "Deputy Commander of the An Guo Army" and Commander of the First Army, and Zhang Zongchang was appointed "Deputy Commander of the An Guo Army and Commander of the Second Army", which was also the highest position zhang Zongchang received in his lifetime.
However, in the ensuing battle with the National Revolutionary Army, Zhang Zongchang lost more than he won.
Taking advantage of the split between the Kuomintang and the Han Dynasty, Zhang Zuolin ordered Zhang Zongchang to march to the Longhai line to meet Feng Yuxiang's nationalist army. However, in the battle near Xuzhou, Zhang Zongchang's White Russian ironclads did not work, the "Taishan" and "Henan" were captured by the Nationalist army, and the "Shandong" and "Yungui" barely escaped back to Shandong.
In China, the ironclad train is no longer a magic weapon to defeat the enemy.
The Sixty-fifth Independent Division of Belarus also suffered heavy losses in the battle against the Nationalists, and its commander, Nekayev, was forced to amputate himself after being wounded. However, Zhang Zongchang was also righteous to Nekayev, who was disabled by his injuries, and not only gave him a huge sum of money, but also bought a villa in Qingdao for his pension.
After retiring from Xuzhou, Zhang Zongchang won a small victory in Lankao. In early October of that year, during a fierce battle with Feng Yuxiang, Zhang Zongchang induced Jiang Mingyu, the brigade commander of the Nationalist Army, to defect and took the opportunity to arrest Zheng Jinsheng, deputy commander and commander of the Eighth Front Of the Nationalist Army. When Zheng Jinsheng was escorted to Jinan, Zhang Zongchang shot him despite the persuasion of his staff. This move of his also brought himself the disaster of killing himself in the future.
Zhang Zongchang in Jinan
In the spring of 1928, the Second Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army was defeated by the Fengjun Army, and in May 1928, the Northern Expedition army defeated Zhang Zongchang and captured Jinan.
After losing Shandong, Zhang Zongchang could no longer afford to continue to support the White Russian Independent Division, so he had to dismiss it and let it fend for itself. After the White Russian soldiers were dismissed, because of their consistent misdeeds, they were attacked by Chinese soldiers, many of whom were killed, and the rest were scattered everywhere. This White Russian force, which had been in China for a long time, has since disappeared.
As for the ironclad fleet of the White Russian Army, it was also captured by the Northern Expeditionary Army after a series of mutinies and infighting. Some of the White Russian soldiers on the car fled, and some were also dismissed on the spot, and the White Russian ironclad convoy also withdrew from the stage of history.
In early June 1928, Zhang Zuolin, who was sitting in Beijing and Tianjin, knew that North China was also doomed, so he decided to withdraw from Guanwai. On June 4, Zhang Zuolin, who was about to return to Fengtian, was killed by the Japanese army at Huanggutun.
After Zhang Zuolin's death, Zhang Zongchang was deeply saddened. He still had 50,000 horses under him and did not know where to go, so he asked Zhang Xueliang to get out of the customs, but he was politely refused. In September, the Northern Expeditionary Army occupied Beijing and Tianjin, and Bai Chongxi led the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army to surround Zhang Zongchang.
This year, the situation in China changed dramatically, and the "marshals" fell and scattered almost overnight. Zhang Zongchang saw that his men and horses were powerless to fight, so he disguised himself and fled. He fled from Luanzhou to Dalian in a fishing boat, and then traveled east to Japan to live in seclusion.
After Zhang Zongchang escaped, the remnants of his 50,000 men surrendered to Bai Chongxi and were reorganized into the 48th Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
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Although Zhang Zongchang went into exile in Japan, he was not reconciled, and he was always looking for an opportunity to make a comeback.
In 1931, the "September 18 Incident" broke out, and the contradictions between China and Japan became public. Zhang Xueliang, worried that Zhang Zongchang was a traitor in Japan, sent a telegram asking him to return to China immediately, and the Japanese also tried their best to win Zhang Zongchang in Tokyo. Zhang Zongchang, who had been closely observing the domestic situation, decided to return to China to look for opportunities.
Before leaving, he held a press conference in Japan and openly refused to be a traitor. He said to reporters, "We're not going to drill chimneys. (Meaning to be a traitor)". In the 1930s, the Japanese had been wooing the elders of Beiyang Shimono, but most of them, like Zhang Zongchang, refused to be traitors. Compared with Puyi and Wang Jingwei and the like, the national integrity of the Beiyang system still has some.
Soon, Zhang Zongchang returned to China and temporarily lived in Beijing's Tieshi Hutong. After returning to China, the most important thing he wanted to do was to return to Shandong.
In August 1932, Zhang Xueliang convened a meeting of the generals in North China. At this meeting, Zhang Zongchang got acquainted with Han Fuyu, the current chairman of Shandong Province. After the meeting, Shi Yousan held a banquet again, and Zhang Zongchang and Han Fuyu were invited to the banquet. When the wine was hot, Zhang Zongchang said in Han Fuyu's ear: "My old subordinates are now scattered all over Shandong, as long as they greet each other, they can form a team." ”
After hearing this, Han Fuyu smiled perfunctorily on his lips, and in his heart, he had already regarded Zhang Zongchang as a threat.
Shortly after returning to Jinan, Han Fuyu wrote a handwritten letter to Zhang Zongchang, inviting him to Jinan to "conspire for major events." Zhang Zongchang very much wanted to go to Shandong, but all his old subordinates, including Wu Peifu, Sun Chuanfang, and others, the Beiyang elders of Xiaye, were all opposed. But Zhang Zongchang, who misses the highlight of his life, is too eager to make a comeback. He eventually went his own way and returned to Jinan at the end of August with his former chief of staff, Jin Shouchang.
Zhang Zongchang did not know that just before he set off, Han Fuyu had already personally visited Feng Yuxiang. After secret discussion, the two decided to get rid of him in Jinan.
After arriving in Jinan, Han Fuyu treated Zhang Zongchang warmly every day, but did not mention how to "conspire for big things", which made Zhang Zongchang feel very disappointed, so he had to beat the spirit and socialize every day.
One day, Han Fuyu invited Zhang Zongchang to watch a play, Zhang Zongchang arrived late, and when he entered the box, Han Fuyu and his wife were already seated. Seeing Zhang Zongchang come in, Han's wife Ji Ganqing got up to give him a seat, and then went to another box.
Watching Ji Ganqing leave, Zhang Zongchang joked to Han Fuyu: "You topped my nest in Shandong, and I also topped your wife's nest today." Without saying a word, he laughed to himself.
As soon as this remark came out, it further strengthened Han Fuyu's heart to kill Zhang.
Han Fuyu
A few days later, Han Fuyu invited Zhang Zongchang to a banquet. Before the banquet, Han Fuyu flattered Zhang Zongchang and said, "I heard that Mr. Xiao Kun is good at marksmanship, can you let me wait to open my eyes today?" Zhang Zongchang agreed with a full mouth, pulled out the rifle he carried with him, fired several shots in a row, and did not have any false bullets, which caused the guests to applaud and applaud.
After the performance, Zhang Zongchang, who was still unfinished, put the pistol on the table, and Han Fuyu took the opportunity to play with Zhang Zongchang's pistol, and praised it one after another: "This German-made pistol is really exquisite." ”
Zhang Zongchang was already proud, and at this time he was living under the door, so he said to Han Fuyu: "If you like it, How about Zhang Mou give it to you?" Han quickly thanked him and took the gun into his pocket. Giving away one's own self-defense weapon is another ominous omen.
When Han Fuyu had a secret meeting with Feng Yuxiang, he had already found a killer candidate. This person was Zheng Jicheng, the adopted son of Zheng Jinsheng, Feng Yuxiang's old general. After Zheng Jinsheng was shot by Zhang Zongchang that year, Zheng Jicheng always vowed to avenge his father, and now that the opportunity has come, Zheng Jicheng gladly accepted the promise.
On September 2, Zhang Xueliang, who was in Beiping, learned that Zhang Zongchang had gone south to Shandong, and his heart was very anxious. Therefore, in the name of Zhang Zongchang's aunt, he sent a telegram to Zhang, falsely claiming that Zhang's mother was critically ill and asking him to return to Beiping immediately. Zhang Zongchang was very anxious after receiving the telegram, and immediately resigned to Han Fuyu. Han Fuyu also pushed the boat along the water and sent someone to book a train ticket for Zhang Zongchang at 5:37 p.m. the next day.
On September 3, the killer Zheng Jicheng and his friend Chen Fengshan ambushed inside the Jinan Railway Station, and when Zhang Zongchang waved his hand to send off and the crowd was noisy, Chen Fengshan jumped out and shot with a loud scolding. However, because the bullet jammed, it actually failed to hit.
After Zhang Zongchang dodged the first shot, he pulled out his leg and ran, but was eventually caught up by the young and strong Zheng Jicheng and Chen Fengshan. Zheng Jicheng fired several shots at Zhang Zongchang.
Afterwards, Zheng Jicheng raised his gun and shouted: "I am Zheng Jicheng, the son of Zheng Jinsheng, to avenge my father!" Now that the great vengeance has been repaid, I have surrendered myself. ”
Zhang Zongchang after Shimono
News of Zhang Zongchang's murder quickly spread across the country, and Zheng Jicheng was called a "chivalrous warrior" and "hero" by newspapers. All walks of life in Shandong have sent telegrams asking for pardons for Zheng Jicheng, and Feng Yuxiang and others have also gone to many places to help each other. The following year, Zheng Jicheng was pardoned and then sent to the Army University to study in the general class. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zheng Jicheng served as the director of military law under Feng Yuxiang.
After Zhang Zongchang was stabbed, the body was lying in the open air. His chief of staff, Jin Shouchang, spent money everywhere in Jinan and couldn't get anyone to carry the body. Even the owner of the coffin shop was reluctant to sell the coffin to him to bury the body, which shows the hatred of the Shandong people for Zhang Zongchang's cutting teeth.
In the end, it was Han Fuyu who came forward to collect the body for him. On September 11, 1932, Zhang Zongchang's coffin was sent to Beiping by a stuffy tank truck, and Zhang Xueliang buried it in the western suburb of Xiangshan.
postscript:
Zhang Zongchang has now been described in films, novels, and commentaries as an image of a "stupid as a pig, arrogant and lascivious" countryman warlord, but these descriptions are too facial, contrary to his powerful identity. Being able to stand out in the chaotic world and dominate the side, Zhang Zongchang must have his superiority. Of course, he also bears the obvious imprint of the warlords of that era.
Mr. Lin Yutang once expressed this sentiment about the death of Zhang Zongchang:
"Dog Meat General" Zhang Zongchang is dead. But the death of The Dog Meat General is of particular significance to me, for it is the most pronounced, legendary, feudal, and shameless ruler of modern times, the most remarkable, the most legendary, the most feudal, and I must say the most straightforward and shameless.
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