Recently, many fruit growers have reported that their orchards have been pest-like, and the leaves are curled and damaged, and more and more. This is the harm symptoms of the apple leaf curl moth, every year in May, the apple leaf curl moth overwintering larvae began to be active as a pest, and the early rainfall, and to the larval activities and adult eggs to provide favorable conditions, this year if you want to manage your own orchard to produce apples, apple leaf curl moth needs to increase prevention and control!
The main pests of leaf curling moths in Jiaodong area are Apple leaf curl moth, Apple large leaf curl moth, macular leaf curl moth, top tip leaf curl moth, apple brown leaf curl moth five categories, this article will introduce in detail to the life habits and control measures of these five types of leaf curl moths.
1. Apple leaf curl moth
Juvenile larvae overwinter in thin white cocoons in bark cracks, around saw cutters, and under the old bark. In the following year, during the budding period, it began to sting and take food as a pest. Overwintering adults appear in early to mid-May. The first generation of adults occurs from early July to mid-August, the second generation of adults occurs from late August to late September, and the third generation of larvae begins to overwinter in early to mid-October.
After the overwintering larvae emerge from the sting, they first eat the young shoots, young leaves and buds, and when they are slightly larger, they spit out several leaves together, and the larvae dive into them to feed. The larvae are light green or emerald green, the body is slender, extremely active, can move in and out of touch, and has the habit of transferring to harm. Mature larvae pupate within the curly leaves, pupal at 6-9 days.
When the adults feather, they move their bodies out of the curly leaves, leaving a pupal shell inside the curly leaves. Rarely flying during the day, often lurking above and below the leaves in the inner chamber of the canopy, nocturnal activity, strong chemotaxis and weak phototropism, strong tendency to sweet and sour liquid or fruit vinegar, and also take molasses to supplement nutrition. Eggs are laid on smooth leaves or fruit surfaces after mating, and the eggs are clustered into clumps. The egg stage is 7-10 days, and the larvae hatch and then feed on the leaves near the egg mass, and then disperse into pests, with a drooping habit. The first generation of larvae mainly harms the leaves and sometimes the young fruits; the second and third generations of larvae harm both the leaves and the young fruits.
2. Apple leaf curl moth
Juvenile larvae overwinter in thin white cocoons under cracks in the bark and upturned bark. In the following year, when the flower buds bloom, the stings harm the young leaves, and the slightly larger leaves are cured.
The terminal larvae are yellow-green, the dorsal plate behind the head is pronounced, yellowish-brown, and its posterior edge is black-brown, the insect body is larger than the apple leaf curl moth, and the movement is more agile, and then rolls into the leaf pupa after maturity.
The overwintering adults occur from early to mid-May to early to mid-June; the first generation of adults occurs from early July to late August; the second generation of adults occurs in mid-to-late September, with larvae overwintering after October.
Adult and larval habits are the same as those of apple leaf curlers, and there is a pronounced tendency towards light and sweet and sour liquid.
3. Macular leaf curl moth
Overwintering adults overwinter in the weeds and leaves in the orchard, and when the flower buds germinate the following year, the overwintering adults sting and soon lay eggs on both sides of the trunk, branches and buds, and the larvae hatch to harm the young shoots and young leaves.
The first generation of adults occurs in mid-to-late July, the second generation of adults occurs in mid-to-late August, and the overwintering generation of adults occurs in late September to October. Adults have a certain tendency to black light and sweet and sour liquid, and after feathering, they cross-tail and lay eggs, and the eggs are mostly scattered on the front of the leaves, especially on the upper leaves of the branches. The egg stage of the first generation is about 20 days, and the egg stage of subsequent generations is 4-5 days.
The larvae have a habit of turning leaves and prefer to eat the young leaves in the upper and middle parts of the branches. Mature larvae have yellow-brown heads, yellow-green bodies, fusiform shapes, thicker in the middle, and thinner ends at both ends, and are less active.
4. Top-ended leaf curl moth
The 2-3 instar larvae overwinter in the buds of the affected branches, and after the buds germinate the following year, the overwintering larvae begin to sting, crawl out of the buds first, and spit silk to entangle several young leaves together, lurking in them for pest, and mature larvae pupate in it. Overwintering adults occur from mid-to-late May to late June, laying eggs on the leaves in the middle of the branches, with the largest number of leaf backs, single-grain scattered, and the egg stage is 4-5 days. The first generation of adults occurs from late June to late July, the second generation of adults occurs from late July to late August, and the larvae begin to overwinter after late September. Adults are inactive during the day, inhabit the dorsals or branches of the leaves, begin to move at dusk, and have a strong tendency to molasses, with slight phototropism. After hatching, the larvae climb to the top tip, spit silk curl leaves, and gnaw the fur on the back of the leaves and weave them into a cocoon with silk, lurk in them, crawl out when feeding, and retract after eating. Young trees are more affected than adult trees.
▲Apple brown leaf curl moth
Young larvae overwinter in thin cocoons under the coarse skin of the branches of the tree, cracks and saw holes, and when the fruit trees sprout in mid-to-late April of the following year, the overwintering larvae continue to sting and feed, which is harmful to young shoots, young leaves, and flower buds, and seriously cannot spread leaves to flower and set fruit.
Overwintering adults appear in mid-to-late May, first-generation larvae appear in early to mid-June, second-generation larvae appear in late July, 3rd generation larvae appear in early September, fourth-generation larvae appear in mid-October, and overwinter begin in late October. Adults lurk on the leaf back or branches during the day, are active frequently at night, and most of the newly hatched larvae hide on both sides of the main vein on the back of the leaf or in the curly leaves of the previous generation of larvae pupae, and after a little larger, they disperse the curly leaves or change to eat fruit noodles. Fruit scars are mostly irregular large, pothole-like. The larvae are lively, and when touched, they leave the curly leaves, spit silk droops, and drift with the wind to other branches for harm. It has both phototropism and chemotaxis.
Prevention and control methods:
1. Qingyuan treatment
In winter pruning, prune the affected branches, especially the top tips, destroy the overwintering larvae of the top leaf curl moth; scrape the coarse skin and old warp skin in early spring, eliminate the apple leaf curl moth, apple leaf curl moth, apple brown leaf curl moth overwintering larvae, reduce the base number; remove the weeds and dead leaves in the orchard, burn them in a concentrated way, and reduce the base number of the macular leaf curl moth.
2. Physical prevention and control
More than two lure lights such as solar insecticidal lamps and black light lamps are hung per acre, and the phototropism of the leaf curl moth is used to lure and kill.
3. Make sweet and sour liquid
Sweet and sour liquid ratio, sugar: white wine: vinegar: water = 5: 5: 5: 20: 80 (volume fraction) for rationing, after mid-June, hang two bottles per acre, using the sweet and sour nature of the leaf curl moth to lure and kill.
Nowadays, it is difficult to effectively control the apple leaf curl moth by relying only on physical control and artificial garden clearance, especially in the early warming and precipitation of the early part of this year, the prevention and control of the leaf curl moth must be scientifically and reasonably sprayed with insecticides.
Spray european land (40% chlorpyrifos) 800 times at the dry branch stage, reducing the base number of leaf curling moths in the whole garden; after mid-to-late April, until before bagging, beat Three times so sheng (3% methyl vitamin salt) 4000 times or stabilize the enemy (10% pyrapropyl ether + 20% insect mite nitrile) 4000 times, efficiently killing leaf curl moths, and has a good killing effect on larvae, adults and insect eggs.