In 2020, the planting industry should ensure that the area of the three major cereals is stable at more than 1.4 billion mu, the area of rations is stable at more than 800 million mu, and the grain output in 2020 is stable at more than 1.3 trillion jin. The utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the three major grain crops has increased to more than 40%. The soybean area is stable at 140 million mu, and 40 forward-looking and guiding new varieties and new technologies are integrated display and test demonstration of 1,000 mu of pieces, which will drive the yield level and lipoprotein content of soybeans to increase.
Farmer Daily - Infographic
2020 is the year to achieve the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, the year to win the battle against poverty in an all-round way, and it is of special significance to consolidate the good situation of the development of the planting industry and ensure a bumper grain and agricultural harvest in the year of moderate prosperity. The general idea of the planting industry work in 2020 is: adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Plenary Sessions of the 19th Central Committee, the Central Economic Work Conference, the Central Rural Work Conference, and the No. 1 Document of the Central Committee, in accordance with the deployment of the National Conference of Directors of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, benchmark against the table to build a well-off society in an all-round way, adhere to the general tone of the work of seeking progress in stability, adhere to the new development concept, and deepen the structural reform of the agricultural supply side. Make every effort to ensure the stable production and supply of agriculture and increase farmers' income, resolutely adhere to the bottom line of national food security, promote the green and high-quality development of the planting industry, and while doing a good job in the prevention and control of the new coronavirus infection pneumonia epidemic, make overall plans for the stable development of the planting industry, and lay a solid foundation for the successful completion of the battle to build a well-off society in an all-round way and overcome poverty.
In terms of target tasks, highlight "keeping the bottom line, optimizing the structure, and improving quality". "Keeping the bottom line" means keeping the bottom line of national food security. Adhere to the principle of steady words, stabilize policies, stabilize areas, and stabilize output, ensure that the area of the three major cereals is stable at more than 1.4 billion mu, the area of rations is stable at more than 800 million mu, and ensure that grain output in 2020 is stable at more than 1.3 trillion jin. "Excellent structure" means to continue to optimize the planting structure. Consolidate the results of regional structural adjustment, optimize the variety structure, improve product quality, and increase the supply of green and high-quality agricultural products. "Improving quality" is to promote the green and high-quality development of the planting industry. Promote green production methods, and increase the utilization rate of fertilizers and pesticides in the three major food crops to more than 40%. Create regional advantageous industrial clusters, promote the integrated development of the first, second, and third industries, extend the industrial chain, and improve the quality, efficiency, and competitiveness of the planting industry.
(1) Make every effort to stabilize grain production. Implement the strategy of guaranteeing grain and other important agricultural products, adjust and improve the minimum purchase price policy for rice and wheat, maintain the stability of the total subsidy for corn and soybean producers, promote the pilot project of full cost insurance and income insurance for rice, wheat and corn, stabilize the basic income of farmers, and protect and mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers for growing grain. Strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, focusing on grain production functional areas and important agricultural product production protection areas, and complete the construction tasks of 80 million mu of high-standard farmland and 20 million mu of efficient water-saving irrigation. Innovate and carry out green high-quality and efficient actions, select and release a number of new varieties and new brands of green high-quality and efficient grain crops, integrate and demonstrate a number of high-quality and efficient technical models in the whole process of grain production, build a standardized production base with mechanization of the whole process of production, precision of input application, and intelligent field management on the basis of good seeds, mechanization as the carrier, and socialized services as the support, and improve the level of grain production science and technology.
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(2) Maintain a reasonable level of self-sufficiency in cotton oil sugar. Improve the support policies for cotton, oilseeds and sugar, and strive to stabilize the cotton area at 50 million mu, the oil area to 190 million mu, and the sugar area to 24 million mu. Accelerate the promotion of land medium and long-staple cotton, "double low, double high" (low erucic acid, low sulfur glycosides, high yield and high oil) rapeseed and domestic self-bred sugarcane excellent new varieties, integrate and promote green light simplified and efficient cultivation technology models, promote mechanized production according to local conditions, reduce labor costs, and improve quality and efficiency.
(3) Ensure the stable supply of "vegetable basket" products. Stabilize the area of vegetables, ensure the balance of total supply, promote the balance of seasonal, regional and variety structures and quality safety, especially to ensure the production and supply of "vegetable basket" products such as vegetables during the epidemic prevention and control period. We should do a good job in the production of vegetables in winter and spring in the south, stabilize the area of vegetables in winter facilities in the north, and steadily form a supply pattern of complementary varieties, reasonable schedules, and regional coordination. Integrate and promote green high-quality and efficient production technology models such as seedling cultivation, water-saving irrigation, precision fertilization, and light and simplified cultivation, and improve the level of vegetable production technology. Strengthen the monitoring and analysis of the market prices and production and marketing situation of 26 kinds of bulk vegetables and 5 kinds of fruits related to people's livelihood, timely release early warning information, strengthen the connection between production and marketing, and guide scientific planting and smooth sales.
(4) Promote scientific disaster prevention and mitigation. Study and judge the annual agricultural meteorological situation and the trend of disaster occurrence, and formulate disaster prevention and mitigation plans. Establish and improve a rapid response mechanism, and promote the informatization of meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning in the planting industry. Strengthen disaster monitoring, closely communicate and consult with meteorological, water conservancy, emergency response and other departments, and timely release early warning information. According to the occurrence of disasters and the process of crop growth, formulate technical guidance for disaster resistance and relief, organize experts and agricultural technicians to go deep into the hard-hit areas, carry out guidance services, and promote scientific disaster resistance. Increase disaster relief support, resume production as soon as possible, and strive to reduce disaster losses.
(5) Do a good job in the prevention and control of the grassland night moth. Consolidate prevention and control responsibilities, establish prevention and control mechanisms with departmental guidance, provincial overall responsibility, and county implementation. Formulate prevention and control plans, and propose countermeasures for the corn and wheat producing areas in southwest China, the Yangtze River Basin, and the Huang-Huai-Hai Sea, and make material and technical preparations in advance. Strengthen monitoring and early warning, organize regional joint monitoring, encrypt and increase the number of monitoring and reporting outlets, ensure full coverage of crop planting areas such as southwest and southern China border areas, migration and diffusion channels, and corn and wheat, and timely release early warning information. Promote scientific prevention and control, in accordance with the requirements of early treatment of small, time-sharing, and all-out culling, focus on key areas, strengthen classification guidance, and vigorously carry out unified prevention and control, mass prevention and group governance, and joint prevention and control, to ensure that the grassland moth is not a large area of continuous disasters, and the damage loss is controlled within 5%.
(6) Strengthen the prevention and control of major diseases and insects. Promote the construction of plant protection engineering projects, improve the field monitoring networks for major disease and insect epidemics, and improve the level of intelligent and standardized monitoring. Organize the implementation of disease prevention and treatment of insects and harvests, give prominence to the prevention and control of outbreaks, migratory and epidemic diseases and insect pests such as wheat stripe rust and gibberellosis, rice "two migrations" pests, and rice blast, and ensure that the overall damage loss rate of major diseases and insects is controlled within 5%. Carry out the creation of a specialization of diseases and insect pests and diseases in "unified prevention and rule of 100 counties" to improve the coverage rate of unified prevention and control. Efforts should be made to do a good job in the prevention and control of major plant epidemics such as citrus yellow dragon disease, apple beetle moth, potato beetle and golden nematode, promote joint quarantine law enforcement actions in Hainan, Gansu and other fine breeding bases, and strengthen epidemic monitoring and quarantine supervision.
(7) Compaction of local stable production and supply responsibility. Strengthen the assessment of the responsibility system of governors for food security, further optimize the assessment indicators, strictly assess and score standards, increase the proportion of points for supporting grain production inputs, promote the improvement of production capacity in major producing provinces, increase the self-sufficiency rate of non-main producing provinces, and maintain basic stability in the area and output of grain sown in all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). Study and establish a grain production monitoring and early warning mechanism, scientifically determine the grain self-sufficiency targets and bottom line requirements of each province, strengthen tracking analysis and timely early warning, consolidate the responsibilities of local governments, and improve the ability to ensure food security. Promote the implementation of the "vegetable basket" mayor responsibility system and enhance the self-sufficiency of vegetables in large and medium-sized cities.
(8) Consolidate the results of structural adjustment. Consolidate the results of structural adjustment in the "sickle bend" area and prevent a sharp rebound in the corn area in non-dominant areas. Enhance the corn production capacity of advantageous production areas to ensure that the national corn area is basically stable. Continue to implement the soybean revitalization plan, increase support for the promotion of soybean high-yield varieties and corn and soybean intercropping new agronomics, the soybean area is stable at 140 million mu, and 40 forward-looking, guiding new varieties and new technologies are integrated display and test demonstration of 1,000 mu of pieces, and the demonstration drives the yield level and lipoprotein content of soybeans to increase. According to local conditions, the demonstration and promotion of corn and soybean strip composite planting technology models in the Huang-Huai-Hai and southwest and northwest regions to expand the space for soybean production. Actively develop oilseed rape production in the Yangtze River Basin and expand peanut cultivation in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.
(9) Actively develop advantageous and characteristic industries. According to local conditions, develop characteristic industries such as fruit and vegetable tea, edible mushrooms, miscellaneous grains and beans, potatoes, Chinese medicinal materials, silkworm mulberry, and flowers. Optimize the layout structure, and build a production layout that matches the resource environment according to resource endowments, ecological conditions and industrial base. Optimize the product structure, according to the market diversification, personalized consumer demand, increase the supply of more abundant and diverse, high-quality and safe, nutritious and healthy green high-quality products. Carry out the screening of low-fluoride tea varieties and the promotion of cultivation technology, and establish a number of demonstration low-fluoride tea gardens in the main production areas of border tea. Further implement the "National Authentic Medicinal Materials Production Base Construction Plan (2018-2025)", identify and certify a number of authentic medicinal material production bases, and guide the production of Chinese medicinal materials to concentrate on the advantageous production areas of authenticity.
(10) Steadily advance the pilot project of arable land rotation fallow. The pilot area of rotational fallow cultivation is more than 30 million mu, with rotation as the main and fallow as a supplement, expanding crop rotation and reducing fallow farming. Stabilize the area of corn-soybean rotation in the northeast region, focus on expanding the scale of rice-rapeseed, corn-soybean or peanut rotation in the Yangtze River Basin and the Huang-Huai-Hai region, and appropriately expand the scale of wheat-potato or beans, corn-beans and other rotations in the northwest region. Gradually withdraw from fallow tasks where local enthusiasm is not high, the pilot effect is average, and the three-year pilot expires.
(11) Promote the improvement of the quality of grain development. Optimize the quality structure, vigorously develop high-quality rice, special wheat, and high-quality edible soybeans, and guide new business entities to carry out large-scale planting, standardized production, and industrialized operations. Strengthen the connection between production and marketing, encourage the implementation of order production, targeted storage, and achieve high quality and good prices. Hold national high-quality rice and special wheat quality tasting publicity and promotion activities, announce a number of high-quality and high-yield, good food quality ration varieties and brands, and create a number of grain quality strong towns and strong counties with high-quality raw grains, standardized processing and product branding.
(12) Promote the integrated development of industries. Promote the connection between production and marketing, and vigorously develop order production. Encourage leading enterprises to build processing demonstration bases and promote the local processing and transformation of agricultural products. Support all localities to base themselves on their resource advantages, create a whole industrial chain of planting with their own characteristics, form a competitive industrial cluster, and promote the integrated development of the first, second, and third industries. Relying on the National Cotton Industry Alliance (ccia), we will promote the deep integration of the integrated layout of "technology side + producer side + demand side", establish a high-quality cotton production base, and create a "ccia" national cotton brand. In apple, citrus, grape and other advantageous production areas, create a number of standardized production demonstration bases, implement the production mode of "one contract + one base + one set of standards + one team + one insurance policy", develop new industries and new formats such as leisure picking, sightseeing and tourism, and tap the potential of planting industry to increase income.
(13) Improve the level of quality and safety. Improve the standard system of pesticides and fertilizers, organize the formulation and revision of 1,000 pesticide residue standards, and accelerate the formulation and revision of a number of fertilizer safety standards, pesticide products and testing method standards. Accelerate the integrated assembly of a number of standardized green high-quality and efficient technical models, encourage new business entities to produce according to standards, and play a leading role in demonstration. Strengthen supervision and inspection of the safe use of pesticides, and increase the intensity of investigation and handling of problems such as the illegal use of prohibited and restricted pesticides, the use of pesticides beyond the scope, and the failure to strictly implement the safety interval. Promote scientific drug use, promote the replacement of traditional pesticides with environmentally friendly green pesticides, reduce pesticide residues, and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.
(14) Solidly promote industrial poverty alleviation. Focus on the "three districts and three states" and other deeply impoverished areas, based on resource advantages, increase support for characteristic poverty alleviation industries, and accelerate the development of long-term poverty alleviation industries. Implement the demonstration project of integrating the technical model of characteristic industries in poor areas, aim at prominent problems and weak links, step up efforts to promote standardized green production technologies, promote the reduction and efficiency of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and promote cost savings and efficiency increases, production and efficiency. Adhere to the combination of poverty alleviation with the support of aspirations and wisdom, organize the planting industry expert group to go deep into poor areas to carry out technical guidance, increase the skills training of characteristic industries, and enhance the endogenous driving force for development. Support poor areas to carry out the connection between production and demand of characteristic products, open up product sales markets, and improve the quality and efficiency of poverty alleviation industries.
(15) Continue to promote the reduction and efficiency of chemical fertilizers。 Carry out in-depth actions to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers and increase efficiency, ensure that the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is increased to more than 40%, and maintain the negative growth of chemical fertilizer use. Consolidate the foundation of soil testing formula fertilization, continue to carry out soil testing laboratory testing, fertilizer efficiency test and fertilizer utilization rate field test, use blockchain, cloud computing and other information technologies, systematically excavate the big data of soil testing formula fertilization for 15 years, and put forward scientific fertilization opinions by region and crop. Promote cooperation between agricultural enterprises, scientifically formulate large formulas, and promote the landing of formula fertilizers. Select 300 large grain, cotton and oil producing counties to carry out pilot projects on chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase, integrate and promote high-efficiency fertilization technologies and new fertilizer products such as rice side deep fertilization, corn seed fertilizer sowing, and wheat one-time fertilization, and demonstrate and drive the reduction and efficiency of chemical fertilizers nationwide. Systematically summarize the experience and practices of the "13th Five-Year Plan" zero-growth action of chemical fertilizer use, explore the formation of a replicable and generalizable technical model and working mechanism for fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase, and achieve a wider range of promotion and application.
(16) Carry out in-depth organic fertilizer substitution of chemical fertilizers. The pilot implementation scope of organic fertilizer substitution of chemical fertilizer for fruit and vegetable tea is inclined to the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Yellow River Basin and other regions, and the pilot crops are expanded from apples, citrus, vegetables and tea to other horticultural crops with local characteristics and great potential for fertilizer saving. Actively explore the organic combination with the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, and carry out alternative pilot projects in large livestock and poultry breeding cities in the advantageous production areas of fruit and vegetable tea. Innovate work mechanisms, and promote pilot provinces to improve systems such as building first and making up for them later, combining evaluation and evaluation, and using rewards and punishments together. Through the government's purchase of services, guide socialized service organizations and enterprises to carry out the whole process of organic fertilizer accumulation and application, trusteeship and professional services, optimize the fertilizer structure, and increase the application of organic fertilizer. Accelerate the revision of organic fertilizer agricultural industry standards, carry out application risk assessment, and explore the establishment of a positive list system for organic fertilizer raw materials.
(17) Continue to promote pesticide reduction and efficiency. Carry out in-depth pesticide reduction and efficiency actions, ensure that the utilization rate of pesticides is increased to more than 40%, and maintain the negative growth of pesticide use. Implement green prevention and control alternative chemical prevention and control actions, continue to create 100 green prevention and control demonstration counties, focus on promoting green production enhancement technologies such as ecological control, biological control, physical and chemical inducement control, bee pollination and other green production enhancement technologies and new plant protection machinery, support the development of plant protection professional service organizations, and promote the integration of unified prevention and control and green prevention and control. Carry out the "Training for Scientific and Safe Medication of Millions of Farmers", strengthen technical guidance, promote scientific drug use technologies such as accurate and efficient drug application and rotation of drugs, and strive to improve the level of scientific and safe drug use.
(xviii) Vigorously develop dryland and water-saving agriculture. In accordance with the requirements of controlling the total amount of water used for agricultural irrigation and improving the efficiency of water use, integrate and promote dryland water-saving agricultural technologies. According to the endowment of water resources, adjust the planting structure, promote water-friendly planting, demonstrate and popularize water storage and water conservation, rain collection and irrigation, ridge cropping ditch irrigation, moisture measurement and irrigation, water and fertilizer integration, drought resistance and stress resistance and other dry farming and water-saving technologies, and improve the efficiency of water resource utilization. In the dryland areas of North China and Northwest China, 220 high-standard dryland water-saving agricultural demonstration areas have been established, and radiation has driven the wide-scale application of dryland water-saving technologies, and the water productivity of the demonstration areas has increased by more than 10%.
(19) Explore the recycling of pesticide and fertilizer packaging waste. Together with the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the "Administrative Measures for the Recycling and Treatment of Pesticide Packaging Waste" was formulated and issued. Carry out monitoring and investigation of the recycling of pesticide packaging waste. Promote the recycling of pesticide packaging waste, explore recycling models according to local conditions, divide the recycling obligations of production enterprises, business units and users, encourage users to recycle pesticide packaging waste spontaneously, and guide professional unified prevention and control organizations to carry out pesticide packaging waste recycling services. Implement the "Guiding Opinions on the Recycling and Treatment of Fertilizer Packaging Waste", and explore the pilot recycling and treatment of fertilizer packaging waste. Strengthen the summary of pilot experience, publicize and promote good experience and good practices in various places, and guide the recycling and treatment of pesticide and fertilizer packaging waste in an orderly manner.
(20) Comprehensively strengthen pesticide supervision and management. Strengthen the guidance of pesticide production and operation management, and carry out monitoring of pesticide production and marketing information. Actively and steadily promote the elimination of highly toxic pesticides, select 2-3 highly toxic pesticides to carry out risk assessment and demonstration, and take timely prohibitive measures. Promote the construction of pesticide quality traceability systems and the construction of creditworthiness systems for production enterprises, organize pesticide quality supervision and spot checks, and strictly investigate and deal with the production and operation of counterfeit and shoddy pesticides. Carry out activities to create pesticide business standardization service stores, and demonstrate and drive operators to standardize business behavior. Strengthen the supervision of safe production, supervise and guide pesticide producers, operators, and users to implement the main responsibility for safe production. In the spring and autumn, two national special training courses on pesticide management will be held, focusing on training provincial pesticide management, law enforcement supervision and key city and county personnel, and guiding all localities to do a good job in technical training.
(21) Strengthen fertilizer supervision and management。 Strengthen the forecast analysis of fertilizer demand, establish a regular consultation mechanism for circulation departments, industry associations, and large enterprises, and timely release monitoring information such as fertilizer market price dynamics and analysis of fertilizer supply and demand situation in key agricultural times, so as to effectively serve agricultural production. Carry out safety risk assessment of organic fertilizers, soil conditioners and other products. In accordance with the requirements of "double random one open", organize and carry out fertilizer product quality supervision and random inspection to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers.
(22) Optimize administrative licensing approvals. In accordance with the requirements of the State Council's "release and management service", further optimize technical review, expert review and administrative approval, and improve the quality of pesticide approval. Improve the "green channel" policy for pesticide registration and approval, and create a good environment for biopesticides, highly toxic pesticide alternative products, drug registration of characteristic small crops, and enterprise merger management. Optimize pesticide import and export management services, and promote mutual recognition of pesticide registration test data. Promote the reform of fertilizer administrative licensing approval, optimize the registration procedures for fertilizer products with low safety risks, mature production and stable quality, and strictly manage fertilizer products with safety risks, such as quality problems that will cause irreversible harm to crop growth and soil environment. Standardize the quarantine examination and approval of foreign species introductions, improve the risk assessment system, and ensure the safety of seed introduction. Improve the "National Agricultural Plant Quarantine Information Management System", strengthen the online application, whole processing and dynamic tracking functions of quarantine at the place of origin, quarantine transfer and quarantine and quarantine of foreign introduction, so as to realize the "one-network handling" of licensing matters and the traceability of the whole process of production and transportation.
(23) Promote the construction of a system of laws and regulations for the planting industry. Promote the promulgation of the "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests" and formulate supporting regulations as soon as possible. Organize national training courses on laws and regulations on the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, and popularize and publicize laws and regulations such as the Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests and the Measures for the Management of the Recycling and Treatment of Pesticide Packaging Waste. Revise the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Phytosanitary Regulations (Agricultural Part) and the Measures for the Administration of Fertilizer Registration, and formulate the Measures for the Administration of the Safe and Rational Use of Pesticides. Accelerate the legislative process of the Food Security Law.
(24) Promote the preparation of plans and the study of major topics. Focusing on the green and high-quality development of the planting industry and building a modern planting industry system, the National Planting Industry Development Plan (2021-2025) was compiled, and the overall ideas and goals and tasks of the "14th Five-Year Plan" planting industry development were clarified. Compile the "National Pesticide Industry Development Plan (2021-2025)", and do a good job in the top-level design of pesticide production layout, production capacity scale, product structure and policy measures. Organize research on major topics such as grain production support and protection policies, and enhance the accuracy and direction of policies.
Source: Wen/Farmers Daily Published by the Department of PlantAtion Industry Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Figure/Network Integration