The famous theologian and educator Zhu Yongchun (1627-1698) adhered to Cheng Zhu Lixue, maintained national integrity, opened a school in his hometown, and was quite famous at that time, known as one of the "Three High Priests of Wuzhong". He is the author of "Lectures on Universities and The Mean", "Confessions of Shame", "Exhortations", etc., and his last words are "learning is in life, and career is in faithful learning", reflecting his theoretical thinking of "the unity of knowledge and action". Zhu Yongchun's most widely passed down work is the 500-word "Zhu Zi ZhiJia Maxim", also known as "Zhu Zi Jia Xun", which is written in the form of aphorisms throughout, concise and concise, easy to memorize, and has become one of the most widely circulated tutoring works since the Qing Dynasty. We summarize here as follows:
Principle 1: Live a regular life, be diligent and thrifty. "Rise at dawn, sweep the court, and keep the inside and out tidy; and when you are at night, close the door, and check it yourself." This means: every morning at dawn, first wet the floor inside and outside the court with water, and then sweep the floor to make the inside and outside of the court clean; at dusk, you must rest and personally check the door to be locked.
"The utensils are clean and clean, and the tiles are better than the gold and jade." The diet is about clear, and the vegetables in the garden are more and more precious. Don't camp a house, don't seek a good field. Three sisters and six wives, the medium of adultery and theft. Concubines are not boudoir blessings. Slaves should not use handsomeness, and wives and concubines should not dress up. Meaning: the tableware is simple and clean, although it is made of clay, it is better than the gold and jade; the food is economical and exquisite, although it is a vegetable grown in the garden, it is better than the taste of the mountains and the sea. Don't build gorgeous houses, don't try to buy good countryside. The unorthodox women of society are all mediums of fornication and theft; beautiful maids and delicate concubines are not the happiness of the family. Servants and slaves must not employ handsome and beautiful people, and wives and concubines must not have gorgeous makeup.
Principle 2: Be loyal to the family, and have no desire for wealth. "Mean to start a family, no long-term enjoyment." Ethics are obedient, and the demise of the immediate vision. Brothers, uncles and nephews, must be divided into more and more widows. Inside and outside the elderly, young and old, it is advisable to solemnly and sternly resign. "Marry a daughter and choose a good son-in-law, and do not ask for re-employment." Marry a daughter-in-law and ask for a lady, do not be generous. It is most shameful to see the rich and the humble. Those who are arrogant in the face of poverty are not even lowly. "Don't be greedy for windfall," "Trade with shoulders, don't take advantage." When you see a poor neighbor, you must be more gentle. ”
Principle 3: Honor your parents and sacrifice your ancestors. "Listen to a woman, be a husband? Heavy wealth, thin parents, not adult children! "Although the ancestors are far away, sacrifices must not be insincere."
Principle Four: Read the Scriptures diligently and aim for the sages. "Although the children and grandchildren are foolish, they must not fail to read the scriptures." "Reading is aimed at the sages, not the disciples. For the sake of the rulers, the kingdom is in the heart, and it is not worth the wealth! ”
Principle 5: Be careful in your words and deeds, and follow the rules. "Listening to people's words, knowing the unhuman's accusations? Think twice about patience. Because of the dispute, do you know that it is not me? You have to think calmly. "There is little evil in the fox, and it will be affected for a long time." Qu Zhi is old, and he can rely on each other in a hurry. "The family admonishes the lawsuit, and the lawsuit is the ultimate murderer." In dealing with the world, more words will be lost. Do not bully the power and bully the widows. Do not covet and kill livestock. Obedience and self-righteousness, repentance will be many. "When the national class is completed early, there is no more than enough sac, and I am happy with myself."
Principle 6: Be kind to others, keep the middle way, and know your destiny. "Grace is thoughtless, and grace is not forgotten." Leave room for everything, and be overwhelmed. Man is festive, but he must not be jealous. Man has troubles, and he must not be rejoicing. Goodness desires to be seen by others, not true goodness. Evil is known to all, and it is great evil. Seeing the lustfulness, he repaid his wife and daughter. Hide your grievances and use dark arrows to prolong your descendants. "Keep your destiny and obey the heavens." If you are like this, you are close to it. ”
Of course, our summary here may be a bit of a snake, or present this 500-word exquisite original text to everyone:
When the dawn arises, sprinkle and sweep the court, and be neat inside and out; even if you are sleepy, close the door, and personally check it. A porridge and a meal, when thinking is not easy to come from; half a silk and half a wisp, the constant thought of material strength is difficult.
It is advisable to prepare for the rain and dig a well without thirst. Self-worship must be frugal, and the guests must not stay. The utensils are clean and clean, and the tiles are better than the gold and jade; the diet is about and fine, and the vegetables in the garden are more precious. Don't camp a house, don't seek a good field.
Three sisters and six wives, the medium of adultery and theft; concubines and concubines, not the blessing of the boudoir. Child servants should not use handsomeness, and wives and concubines should not wear makeup.
Although the ancestors are far away, the sacrifices must not be dishonest; although the descendants are foolish, the scriptures must not be read. The period of life is simple; the godson must have a righteous approach. Do not covet windfalls, do not drink too much wine. Do not take advantage of the trade with shoulder to shoulder; when you see poor neighbors, you must warm up. Mean to start a family, there is no reason to enjoy for a long time; Lun is often obedient, and he immediately sees the demise. Brothers, uncles and nephews, need to be divided into more and more widows, old and young inside and outside, it is advisable to solemnly resign. Listen to women, obedient flesh and bones, are husbands, heavy talents, thin parents, not human children. Marry a daughter to choose a good son-in-law, and there is no need to re-employ; marry a daughter-in-law and ask for a lady, do not count the thick money.
Those who are rich and humble are the most shameful; those who are arrogant in the face of poverty are even more despicable. At home, we abstain from litigation, and litigation is the ultimate culprit; we abstain from saying more in the world, and more words will be lost. Do not bully the widows and widows with power; do not covet the mouth and kill the birds. Obedience and self-righteousness, there will be many repentances; decadence and self-will, the family road is difficult to achieve.
There are few evils and evils, and they will be affected for a long time; Qu Zhi is old and old, and he can rely on each other in a hurry.
Listen to the speech lightly, know the unhuman's sorrow, and be patient and think twice; because of the dispute, do you know that it is not me? You have to think calmly. Giving favors without thought, receiving grace and not forgetting. Leave room for everything, and it is not advisable to go further.
Man shall not be jealous if he has joy; he shall not be jealous if he has misfortunes, but he shall not be happy or blessed. Good desires to be seen by others, and is not true and good; evil is known to others, and it is great evil. When they see lust, they repay their wives and daughters; they hide their grievances and use dark arrows to prolong their children and grandchildren. The door of the house is harmonious, although the food is not continued, there is also a surplus of joy; the national class is completed early, that is, there is no more than enough, and there is happiness.
Reading is intended to be a sage, and to keep the kingdom in the heart of the official. Keep your destiny and listen to the heavens. If you are like this, you are close to it.