What will be the result if a person only blindly reads a book, but does not deeply understand the contents of the book, or only knows only half-understanding, and cannot use it flexibly? Song Ningzong Zhao Kuo, who was introduced to you today, handed over this answer sheet with his life experience.
Song Ningzong Zhao Kuo, although he reigned for 30 years, because of his own lack of learning, he was always manipulated by powerful ministers throughout his life, and eventually became an inactive and ignorant emperor.
Song Ningzong stills
The following is a list of Song Ningzong's life story.
One. Forced to take the throne, frugal and loving the people
Zhao Kuo was born on October 19, 1168, the fourth year of Qiandao, in the residence of Prince Gong, the second son of Emperor Guangzong of Song and Empress Li Fengniang of Ciyi, and was made an envoy to Ming prefecture in October of the fifth year of Chunxi (1178), and was made the Duke of Pingyang in March of the twelfth year (1185), and the king of Jia in March of the sixteenth year (1189). In the fifth year of Shaoxi (1194), he was made crown prince.
When the powerful ministers Zhao Ruyu and Zhao Yanyue, on the grounds that Song Guangzong could not carry out the funeral, contacted him through his foreign relative Han Nongxu, and obtained the support of Empress Wu of Gaozong, who wanted to force Song Guangzong to abdicate the throne and support Zhao Kuo's succession (Shao Xi Neichan), Zhao Kuo resolutely resigned: "I am afraid that I will bear the charge of filial piety." Zhao Ruyu said: "The Son of Heaven should take stability and social welfare and filial piety to the country, but now the imperial court is worried and afraid of chaos, in case of unexpected changes, where will the Emperor be placed?" ”
The ministers hugged Zhao Kuo out of the crowd one after another, and Zhao Kuo pushed back, saying, "Tell the great mother, the minister can't do it, can't do it." Empress Dowager Wu immediately ordered the eunuch to say, "Go get the yellow robe, and I will put it on for him myself." Zhao Ruyu immediately led the civil and military officials to kneel and pray, and shouted long live. Zhao Kuo was forced to ascend the throne, and the history was called Emperor Ningzong.
Portrait of Zhao Kuo of Emperor Ningzong of Song
Zhao Kuo can be called a good king in terms of frugality and love for the people, and he is extremely concerned and sympathetic to the sufferings of the people. Before he took the throne, once he escorted Gaozong's coffin to Shanyin for burial, and on the way he saw the scene of farmers struggling to plant crops in the fields, and he said to the left and right with emotion: "Usually in the deep palace, how can you know the hardships of labor!" ”
After ascending the throne, Emperor Ningzong issued edicts to reduce various taxes almost every year. In his daily life, Ning Zong also practiced frugality. He usually dressed very plainly, not too particular, the eating utensils were not luxurious, and the wine vessels he used were tin instead of silver.
One year on the night of the Lantern Festival, a eunuch saw Ningzong sitting alone in the cold candlelight, so he asked, "On the night of the Shangyuan Dynasty, why didn't the official family hold a feast to celebrate?" Ning Zong replied solemnly, "What do you know! The people outside had no food to eat, so how could they have the heart to drink? ”
Song Ningzong Zhao expanded the statue
On another occasion, When Emperor Ningzong went to Jujing Garden for a visit, the people of Lin'an rushed to watch it after hearing the news, so that some people were unfortunately trampled to death. When Emperor Ningzong learned of this, he regretted it very much, and he never went out of the palace to play again.
Two. Because of their lack of learning, it affects the ability to govern
Zhao Kuo, who was born in the imperial family, received a good education from an early age, and his father Emperor Guangzong not only gave him all the books he collected in the Eastern Palace, but also personally selected a number of famous Confucians such as Huang Bao, Chen Fuliang, and Peng Guinian as his teachers. At that time, Zhao Kuo, the King of Jia, was also very diligent in his studies.
It is very regrettable that although Ning Zong is very studious, he seems to only pay attention to the number of books read, and he has no understanding of the meaning of the content in the book, let alone flexible use, because he is only shallow and shallow, which seriously affects his ability to manage the government.
Soon after Emperor Ningzong of Song ascended the throne, the Qunchen's song was piled up because they did not receive his timely approval. He also did not listen to the patient teachings of the ministers, and even approved the ministers' recitals as "yes", which seemed to save a lot of time, but only caused the subordinates to spend a lot of time, such as the two ministers' recitals, which obviously meant tit-for-tat, but the emperor approved "can", I don't know who is it?
Song Ningzong Zhao Kuan seated statue
Ning Zong's "patience" was good, but this did not help him solve practical problems. He had neither a brain nor a mouth, and often only took a pair of ears to listen to the government, and the ministers' arguments were finished after listening to them, and he neither expressed his position nor made a decision, and the players were already dry-mouthed, but in the end they still did not understand the point.
As for approving the recital, Emperor Ningzong chose an abnormal way of governance, the Imperial Pen. The imperial pen was directly issued by the emperor in the inner palace and directly issued for execution without going through the central decision-making bodies such as the three provinces. This practice loses its restraint on the monarchy and is out of place. If the emperor was a shrewd and capable prince, it would not cause serious trouble, but Ningzong was an emperor with weak administrative ability, and the abuse of the imperial pen could only create an opportunity for the dictatorship of the courtiers.
Three. Imperial power has always been sidelined and controlled by powerful courtiers
The low political ability caused by the lack of talent and shallow learning made the imperial power of Song Ningzong always fall by the side and was controlled by the powerful ministers. In the early period of his reign, the government was controlled by the powerful minister Han Nongxu, and in the later period, it was controlled by the capitulating faction Shi Miyuan and Empress Yang, and even on the issue of establishing a prince, he could not make his own decisions, but had to listen to the manipulation of the powerful ministers.
Emperor Ningzong of Song honored Empress Yang of the Holy Renlie Clan
After Emperor Ningzong of Song succeeded to the throne, he reused the two ministers who had made him ascend to the throne, Zhao Ruyu and Han Nongyu, and first appointed Zhao Ruyu as prime minister, but his foreign relative Han Nongyu and Zhao Ruyu were at odds with each other, and they tried to exclude Zhao Ruyu, and the two began a fierce power struggle, resulting in Zhao Ruyu being deposed and Han Nongyu being able to take sole control of the government.
Under the planning of Han Nongxu's clique, Emperor Ningzong of Song also ordered the prohibition of Taoism, the classification of theory as pseudoscience, the dismissal of Zhu Xi and other theorists, the purging of many well-known people at that time, and the prohibition of Zhu Xi and others from holding official positions and participating in the imperial examination. Implement the "Qingyuan Party Ban".
Although Song Ningzong later boldly carried out the "Kaixi Northern Expedition" under the initiative of the main war faction Han Nongxin. However, due to the lack of strength of the generals, not only did the Northern Expedition fail and Han Nongxu assassinated, but the Southern Song Dynasty was also forced to sign a humiliating "Jiading Peace Agreement" with the Jin Dynasty.
Painting by Song Ningzong
Later in the reign of Emperor Ningzong of Song, it was completely controlled by the capitulating factions Shi Miyuan and Empress Yang, who even made a big fuss about the issue of Li Chu and deprived Song Ningzong of the right to decide. In the fourteenth year of Jiading (1221), Emperor Ningzong entered the Yijing Hui King's heir Guihe as the crown prince and gave him the title of Emperor.
Zhao Hu was very dissatisfied with the dictatorship of Shi Miyuan and others, and once wrote "Shi Miyuan should be assigned eight thousand miles", and he also pointed to qiongya on the map on the wall and said: If I want to succeed in the future, I will send Shi Miyuan to this place. When Shi Miyuan found out, he was very scared, thinking that if Zhao Hu became emperor in the future, he would not have a good life. So he began to weave Zhao Zhu's shortcomings, often telling the emperor that Zhao Zhu was not.
When Emperor Ningzong of Song died of illness, Shi Miyuan and Empress Yang summoned Zhao Yun (later Emperor Lizong of Song) to the palace, and replaced Zhao Yun with the throne in front of Emperor Ningzong's coffin, and Empress Yang bowed to the government together. When the new emperor ascended the throne and the hundred officials worshipped, Zhao Hu believed that it should be himself who became the emperor, so he refused to worship, and as a result, he was forced to bow his head and worship. Zhao Hu was only given the title of King of Jiyang County, and later he was given the title of King of Ji, and he lived in Huzhou, and finally failed to become emperor.
Song Ningzong Zhao expanded the imperial pen
In short, Emperor Zhao Kuo of Song Ningzong, although he reigned for 30 years, because of his lack of learning, he was always manipulated by powerful ministers throughout his life, and even established that the crown prince himself had no right to speak, and eventually became an inactive and unheard-of emperor.
Zhao Kuo's lessons enlighten us that it is not important how much a person reads, what is important is to integrate and apply what he has learned, and only in this way can he increase his true ability and practical learning through reading, master his real skills, and thus lay a good foundation for doing a good job in all kinds of work and brilliantly accomplish various arduous tasks.
Portrait of Song Ningzong
This article is original by "Lao Wu Kan Guoxue Now Use", welcome to pay attention, learn together, and make progress together!