Plato in the Bud of Pedagogy

The development of pedagogy in the embryonic period can be understood from two aspects, China and the West, of which the characters involved in the West include the ancient Greek three philosophers and the ancient Roman Kun Tiliang, and we will understand the second person today - Plato.

Plato, a student of Socrates, wrote the Republic, the Law, etc., and was the first person in the history of Western education to have a large number of works handed down.

1. "Reminiscences"

Plato was the founder of Western objective idealism, and his philosophical ideas had a great influence on the development of philosophy.

Plato divided the world into a "phenomenal world" and a "conceptual world", believing that what the human body touches is the real world, while the human soul is equivalent to the idea world, and the phenomenal world is nothing more than a projection of the idea world. Therefore, Plato said: "Ideas exist innately in the human soul", he believes that concepts are originally in the soul of human beings, but in the process of the soul attaching to the body, that is, the birth of human beings, after squeezing, the original concepts are forgotten, so the process of learning and growing up of acquired human beings is the process of constantly recalling the original concepts and knowledge, so he put forward "learning is recall" (knowledge is recall).

2. The Republic

In the Republic, Plato constructed an ideal city-state, dividing citizens into three categories: philosophical kings, soldiers, and craftsmen, representing the three qualities of wisdom, bravery, and desire. And these three kinds of people each perform their duties and take their places in order to form a righteous state, so Plato's educational teleology belongs to the social basis.

3. "Learning in Games"

Plato pays attention to the education of children, believing that early education has a greater impact on children, so he proposes that in early education, education should be based on the characteristics of children, through some specific and intuitive things, so that children 3-6 years old can promote development through stories, games, singing and other activities. Plato was the first educator to propose "learning in games".

The above is our general understanding of Plato's thought today, and this part often appears in the form of multiple choice questions during examination, so you can read and remember it through understanding. The following combined with the example questions, let's consolidate the exercise together:

1. [Single Choice Question] The educator who wrote "The Republic" is ( ).

a. Confucius b. Socrates c. Plato d. Kun Ti Liang

1. [Answer] c. Analysis: Plato, author of "The Republic" and "Law", was the first person in the history of Western education to have a large number of works handed down.

Option a, the founder of the Confucian school during the time of Confucius.

Option b, Socrates was Plato's teacher, proposing views such as "whether character is teachable" and midwifery.

Option d, Kun Ti Liang was an ancient Roman educator who wrote The Principles of Eloquence.

acd is not suitable for the topic, so the topic is b.

2. [Multiple Choice Question] Plato divided citizens into three types in the Republic, namely ( ).

a. Philosophical King b. Soldier c. Peasant d. Craftsman

2. [Answer] abd. Analysis: Plato constructed an ideal city-state in the Republic, dividing citizens into three types: philosophical kings, soldiers, and craftsmen, representing the three qualities of wisdom, bravery and desire.

The c option is not suitable for the topic, so this question is abd.