Author: Sasha
This article is Sasha's original and will not be reprinted by any media
Sasha today in its history.
The 273-year split was completely ended by Emperor Wen of Sui: on March 3, 581, Yang insisted on becoming emperor and Northern Zhou died
When the Sui Dynasty unified China, China fell into a period of division that lasted for more than 200 years.
First, the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south and the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms in the north lasted for more than 130 years; then in the 160 years of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the southern part was the Song Qi Liang Chen dynasty where Nanjing was located by Sasha, and the northern was much more complicated.
The Northern Dynasty went through three periods: the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Confrontation, and the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Confrontation.
The reason why China has been divided for 273 years is related to the policy of internal migration at the end of the Han Dynasty.
During the Cao Cao period, due to too much belief in his own strength, the Hu people such as Xianbei, Xiongnu, Qiang, and Qi were moved inland and entered the Han Dynasty.
This system was of course completely without any problems during the period of the Han Dynasty, and it was also possible to supervise and intervene at all times to prevent the Hu people from rebelling.
However, once the Han dynasty declined, this move was tantamount to raising tigers.
In fact, in Cao Cao's time, Xianbei and his brother Wuhuan were very powerful and were already able to pose a great danger to the Han chinese. Fortunately, these two ethnic groups were caught in internal strife and could not be unified, which was divided and ruled by Cao Cao and temporarily yielded.
After 16 years of rebellion of the Eight Kings, the Western Jin Dynasty was unable to control the situation in Northern China.
The Jin army in the north was almost wiped out by Shi Le and Liu Yuan, and even the Second Emperor of Jin was captured, thus beginning the Wuhu Chaohua era.
The Wuhu Chaohua era was one of the most terrifying times in Chinese history.
Just look at the shocking atrocities of Hou Zhao Shihu and the murderous killings between his sons Shi Yi (the crown prince), Shi Xuan, and Shi Tao.
Shi Hu is arguably the most absurd monarch in Chinese history.
Why?
Everyone knows the Three Palaces, Six Courtyards and Seventy-Two Concubines, but do you know how many women Shi Hu has?
He forcibly plundered more than 30,000 women between the ages of thirteen and twenty from the people.
What's even more frightening is that Shi Hu doesn't care if these women are married or not. Under his orders, in 345, officials from all over the country openly looted more than 9,000 beautiful wives of husbands into the palace.
Needless to say, these beauties are basically Han Chinese. With the morality of the Han people, this is a great shame.
For this reason, many husbands rebelled, but they were basically killed.
In order to avoid humiliation, many women also hanged themselves or committed suicide by throwing themselves into the river, causing countless families to be destroyed.
In fact, Shi Hu only lived for 5 years after recruiting beautiful women. 30,000 beautiful women, that is to say, Shi Hu had to visit 16 women every day before he died.
Such absurdity is unique in the history of the whole world.
Where there is a Father, there must be a Son.
Shi Hu's son Shi Xuan killed his brother Shi Tao in order to seize power.
After Shi Hu learned of this, he suspected that Shi Xuan was going to murder him, so he poisoned him: After designing to control Shi Xuan, Shi Hu, who was extremely angry, ordered an iron ring to penetrate Shi Xuan's chin and lock it, and then poured his food into a large wooden trough, making Shi Xuan eat like a pig or a dog. Shi Xuan's pain was unbearable, and he let out a cry that shook the palace. Shi Hu ordered a firewood pile to be buried in the north of the city, on which wooden poles were set up and reels were installed on the poles. He also asked Shi Tao's favorite eunuch to drag Shi Xuan's tongue and hair along the ladder to the firewood pile, and then hang him with a rut. When Shi Xuan was hanged to death, he lit a fire around the pyre and burned Shi Xuan alive to ashes. This did not calm Shi Hu's anger, and then ordered the ashes to be scattered in the famous doorway, allowing people and horses to trample, killing Shi Xuan's wife and children, and splitting shi Xuan's guards, eunuchs, and hundreds of other people, and throwing the bodies into the Zhanghe River.
One of Shi Xuan's young sons held Shi Hu's thighs and begged for forgiveness. Shi Hu usually liked this grandson the most, but at the moment he was ruthless and ruthless, letting the guards drag him away. During this period, Shi Hu's belt was torn off by his grandson.
If you still have such a poisonous hand on your own son, you can imagine other people.
This was followed by a period of continuous melee, until the Northern Wei unified the north, and the Northern Dynasty era officially began, confronting the Southern Dynasty.
The first is the Northern Wei Dynasty, which was a country established by the Xianbei people during the Sixteen Kingdoms period!
After the northern ruler Former Qin was crushed by the Eastern Jin Dynasty at the Battle of Shuishui, the Xianbei people took the opportunity to raise an army to establish northern Wei. The Xianbei people of the Northern Wei Dynasty were very martial, gradually unified Northern China, eliminated the division of power by various ethnic groups, and ended the chaotic situation in which countries fought each other during the Sixteen Kingdoms era.
The Northern Wei Dynasty and the Han regime in the south had a long confrontation.
During the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, he was keenly aware that the Xianbei culture was too backward to confront the Han regime in the south for a long time, and began to sinicize in an all-round way.
As a result, the Northern Wei Dynasty made great progress and its national strength was strong.
In 529, when Emperor Wu of Liang sent Chen Qingzhi to attack Luoyang, Chen Qingzhi believed that Northern Wei was already highly Sinicized, and there was no difference between it and the Southern Dynasty, and he was very emotional.
Although the Sinicization of the Northern Wei Dynasty made the country strong, after all, it was a nomadic people who started out, and there were many powerful ministers and military leaders in the country.
The continuous offensive of the north also made it impossible for the Xianbei people to eliminate these powerful ministers and military leaders.
Civil unrest broke out in the Northern Wei Dynasty, classified as Eastern Wei and Western Wei, controlled by the powerful ministers Gao Huan and Yuwen Tai respectively, and the Tuoba family in power in Northern Wei had been swept away. Eastern Wei and Western Wei were bounded by the Yellow River, a border river in Shaanxi, Shanxi, and the Eastern Wei, which occupied the Central Plains, was much stronger.
In the Gao Yang era, Gao Yang simply killed the Eastern Wei puppet royal family, directly claimed the title of emperor, and established Northern Qi.
The same was true of the Western Wei Dynasty, yuwen Hu abolished the Western Wei Tuoba imperial family and established the Northern Zhou.
As a result, the north turned into a confrontation between Northern Zhou and Northern Qi.
Northern Zhou and Northern Qi, obviously Northern Qi, were much more powerful, and in their heyday their territory had expanded southward to the north of the Yangtze River and northward to the northeast.
However, the ruler of Northern Qi, the Gao family, suspected a hereditary psychosis, except for Gao Huan, who was still normal, and then several emperors were absurd and cruel, to the point of schizophrenia.
Among them, Gao Yang is the most exaggerated.
Gao Yang's atrocities are many: Gao Yang once very much loved a concubine Xue who was originally a prostitute, with a beautiful appearance and a thousand looks. Gao Yang and her were like glue and stayed together all day, but later suspected that Concubine Xue had had sexual relations with Gao Yue, the king of Qinghe, before marrying him. He was jealous and ordered Gao Yue to commit suicide and kill Xue Concubine again. However, Xue Concubine was pregnant at that time, and Gao Yang waited for her to give birth and drew a dagger to kill Xue Concubine himself. Not counting the killing, Gao Yang also dismembered Xue Concubine and placed his head inside his sleeve. When returning to the palace to feast on the guests, Gao Yang suddenly threw the heads out, and the frightened guests scattered. Gao Yang took out Xue Concubine's thigh bone (hip bone) as a lute, and chanted while shedding tears: "It is difficult for a beautiful person to get it again!" When Xue Concubine was buried, Gao Yang was wearing a shawl and followed on foot behind the car, crying loudly. Gao Yang's various behaviors are not as simple as brutality, and they are obviously different from ordinary people.
Relatively normal Northern Qi Hou Lord Gao Wei, his behavior is also incredible.
When the Northern Zhou army besieged Yecheng and was in danger, Gao Wei personally went to give a combat speech to the soldiers in order to win the final battle and defeat.
At this critical juncture of life and death, Gao Wei forgot his words during his speech and laughed in front of the soldiers.
The Northern Qi generals were extremely indignant, believing that Gao Wei was an authentic emperor who was not worth sacrificing for him, and then the tree fell and scattered.
Due to the perverse behavior of the Gao family, the weaker Northern Zhou latecomers came to the fore, unified the north, and occupied Sichuan, Yunnan and other places, ruling most of China.
Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou was desolate and faint, and state power was gradually controlled by his foreign relative Yang Jian.
On March 3, 581, Yang Jian seized full real power in the country, and simply abolished Emperor Jing of Zhou and established the Sui Dynasty.
Yang Jian is a descendant of the famous Yang clan in Hedong, belonging to the somewhat humble Han people, with excellent ability.
By the time the Sui Dynasty was founded, two-thirds of China was already under its control.
The strength of the Southern Chen Dynasty was weak, and the strength of the whole country could only send 100,000 troops. Faced with the Sui Dynasty's 510,000-strong army marching south, the Chen Dynasty was powerless to resist and soon perished. Thus, since the Yongjia Rebellion of the Western Jin Dynasty (316 AD), the central plains and Jiangnan regions have been divided for 273 years, and emperor Wen of Sui has recreated the unification situation and created a 167-year-long Sui and Tang dynasty until the Anshi Rebellion.
After the Sui and Tang dynasties, China did not have a long-term division, and the subsequent Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were only divided for more than half a century.
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