The Hanlin scholar was sent outside the administrative system, regardless of the rank of the official, nor did he have an official office, and his official title was set up by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. After the Middle Tang Dynasty, the Hanlin scholar gradually became the identity of the Tianzi's close subject. As a close minister, it is possible to be promoted to become the prime minister, and in most cases, the springboard official position that completes this leap is -- Zhongshu Sheren.
Tang Zhi Bachelor, Hongwen and Jixian are subordinate to Zhongshu and Menxia Province, while Hanlin Bachelors belong to them, so they are attached to this list.
- New Book of Tang and Hundred Officials
At the beginning of Emperor Xuanzong,000, he put Hanlin to be edicted, and took Zhang Shuo, Lu Jian, Zhang Jiuling, and others as the four-sided table, and the reply, the response and the article, and then the Zhongshu drama, the instruments were many Yong stagnation, and the selected literary scholars, the number "Hanlin offering", and the Jixian Academy's bachelors were in charge of the Shushu Edict.
- "New Book of Tang Dynasty: Hundred Officials System I"
The Tang Hui Yao Hanlin Yuan records that Tang Taizong once made Yu Shinan's first talented man a scholar of the Hongwenguan, "who would be in the forbidden place and participate in the decision to conspire". The New Book of Tang records that when Emperor Gaozong summoned Liu Yizhi, Yuan Wan was equal to the forbidden middle, and the secret and participation in the government of the time were divided into the power of the prime minister, which was then called "Beimen Scholar". In the twenty-sixth year of The reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (738), he changed Hanlin's enshrinement to Hanlin Scholar. Take Zhang Jiuling, the kaiyuan sage, as an example, who once called himself Zhang Jiuling (張九靈), an enshriner in the First Year of the First Heaven (born in 712).
In the eleventh year of the new century (723), Zhang Jiuling was promoted to Zhongshu Sheren. In May of the twenty-first year of the new century (733), Zhang Jiuling was promoted to the post of Inspector Zhongshu Shilang, and in December of the same year, he was awarded the title of Zhongshu Shilang and Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (Zai Chancellor) and also the revision of the history of the country. In May of the twenty-second year of the new century (734), Zhang Jiuling was promoted to Zhongshu Ling Jixian Academy. We have seen Zhang Jiuling's life, with the official position of Zhongshu Sheren as a springboard to soar all the way to worship. In the Tang Dynasty, the polyphase system was implemented, with Shi Zhong (the governor of Menxia Province) and Zhongshu Ling (Zhongshu Governor) as the legitimate prime ministers, and their status was higher than that of the suffix "Ping Zhangshi" with the suffix.
Usually, the worship of the scholar of jixian academy is the second phase, the worship of the scholar of the Jixian Academy is the second phase, the "history of the history of the country" (the history of the museum, and later writes an article specifically detailing the difference between the history of the country and the history of the country), and the bachelor of the Hongwenguan (Song Dynasty changed to the ZhaoWenguan) as the prime minister. Zhang Jiuling was originally a scholar of the Jixian Academy, and he became a "second minister" with the Zhongshu Waiter Lang Bai Xiang and the cultivation of the history of the country, which was only one step away from the Zhongshu Ling of the zhengpai Zai Xiang. In the fourth year of WuDe, he set up the Repair Museum in Menxia Province, and in the ninth year, it was renamed the Hongwen Hall. For example, in the first year of Tianbao (742), Li Shizhi was awarded the title of Hongwenguan scholar Bai Zuoxiang (Mengxia Provincial Governor Shizhong), Shangzhu Guo (正二品勋官), Guanglu Dafu (從二品文散官), and fengweiyuan County's founding duke (from Erpinjue).
In the second year of the Tang Dynasty (767), Zhongshu Ling and Shizhong were promoted to Zhengerpin, and the original Tongzhongshu Menxia Sanpin became Tongzhongshu Menxia Erpin. The original Zhongshu Shilang and Menxia Shilang were upgraded from Zhengsi pin to Zheng Sanpin. After the Emperor Daizong Dynasty, the chancellor mostly paid homage to Zhongshu Shilang or Menxia Shilang with Pingzhangshi. In the second year of Emperor Dezong of Tang's reign (781), for example, Zhongshu ordered Guo Ziyi to be a scholar. In this year, several other prime ministers who worshiped with "Pingzhangshi", Zhongshu Shilang and Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi Yang Yan; Menxia Shilang and Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi Lu Qi. In the same year, Yang Yan was appointed shangshu zuo servant and dismissed his governor (equivalent to a strike), and Zhang Yi was made a zhongshu waiter and a scholar of the Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi Jixian Academy and a scholar of national history.
Zhang Shuo's son Zhang Yan (ji Sisheng) was the first horse of Tang Xuanzong's daughter Princess Ning (Tang Suzong's half-sister), and the New Book of Tang Literature and Art Biography refers to him as a Hanlin offering. Zhang Yao and his brother Zhang Jun were both enshrined (bachelors) in Hanlin, and Zhang An often showed off to his brother with the treasures given by Xuanzong. In Zhang Jun's view, this is the father-in-law's reward for the son-in-law, not the Tianzi reward for the bachelor (Hanlin offering). Later, Tang Xuanzong officially summoned Li Bai, and it can be said that he was treated with courtesy and worshipped him as a Hanlin scholar (offering). During his tenure as a Hanlin scholar, Li Bai wrote down "The king gives color, and the sound price lings the smoke and rainbow". Among them, "color" refers to courtesy or glory, such as "color" in Gao Shi's "Yan Ge Xing" "The Son of Heaven is very colored". The reason why Li Bai was so happy to write the poem "Ling Yanhong", is because there is a precedent of Zhang Jiuling soaring all the way to the prime minister before, and he is full of confidence in future worship. He wanted to change the fate of the emperor's courtiers and become the emperor's political assistant by competing for Zhongshu Sheren, but he failed to achieve his wish and had to leave Chang'an again.
He straightened up Hanlin and took charge of the secret orders.
——Fan Chuanzheng, "Tang Zuo ShiYi Hanlin Scholar Li Gongxin Tombstone and Preface"
There are edicts dedicated to Hanlin.
- "Old Book of Tang Dynasty, Biography of Literature and Art"
At first, the imperial scribes (literati and scholars of scripture) were not political assistants of the emperor. As long as there is a skill, it can become a Hanlin offering, such as arithmetic juggling cockfighting. There are chess to be commanded, doctors to be commanded, paintings to be commanded, and poetry to be commanded, etc., and even if the cockfighting is good, you can also enter the Hanlin Courtyard. 〝Children do not need to read, and cockfighting is better than reading. The Jia family is thirteen years old, and the rich and glorious generation is not as good as the ". Li Bai's "Ancient Wind and Its Twenty-Four" "In the middle of the gold, Lian Yun opened a house. Lu Feng cockfighter, crown cover He Huihe", wrote that cockfighters can get this world style of glory and wealth by virtue of their superior cockfighting skills.
The official position of Hanlin to be commanded (enshrined) is indeed intriguing, and the Hanlin Academy in the Tang Xuanzong period was actually a coexistence of scribes and warlocks, and talents and miscellaneous currents coexisted. It is not the same thing at all with the later Hanlin Academy and Hanlin University scholars, nor is it different from the Hanlin bachelors of Baiju Yi Yuanshu and others after the Middle and Tang Dynasties. During the Reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, the Hanlin Academy was only an institution that accompanied the emperor to play and meet the needs of the emperor. The Hanlin scholar that Li Bai held was actually the poetry of the Hanlin To be commanded (enshrined), and its main duty was to entertain the emperor, equivalent to a courtier without an independent personality and a free spirit.
"Tang Hui Wants Hanlin Academy" "Out of actual order, there is no definite number", whether it is the six Shangshu of Zheng Sanpin, the Zhongshu Sheren of Zheng Wupin, or the school secretary of Zheng Jiupin, there is a possibility of becoming a Hanlin bachelor (such as Bai Juyi when he still picks up the left relics from the eight pins, it is the Hanlin Bachelor). After the Anshi Rebellion, under the dual oppression of the feudal forces and the eunuch clique, the emperor ordered many Hanlin scholars to participate in the conspiracy and did not even consult with Zhongshu Province.
During the reign of Emperor Dezong of Tang, Jingyuan mutinied Tianzi and fled, accompanied by Lu Yan, a scholar of Hanlin. During the reign of Emperor Shunzong, ju Wenzhen, the head of the eunuch clique, took a serious measure to stifle Yongzhen's innovation by stripping the leader Wang Shuwen of his position as a Hanlin scholar, leaving him no reason to re-enter the forbidden area to discuss official affairs. During the reign of Emperor Wenzong, Li Xun, with the support of the emperor, plotted to kill eunuchs (such as Wang Shoucheng).
Although there were zai courtiers, most of them were out of contempt, so at that time, they were called "internal ministers".
- "Old Book of Tang, Biography of Lu Zhen"
During the tang xianzong period, there were Hanlin Chengzhi scholars. Later, the functions of the Hanlin scholar were far beyond drafting the documents of the Imperial Household, plotting in the inner court, and dividing the administrative power of the foreign prime minister, called "internal minister".
All the great edicts, the great abolitions, the secret paintings of the prime minister, the secret music of the inside and outside, and those who pay close attention to the above, are not specific, and others have nothing to participate in.
- Yuan Shu,"Records of the Hanlin Chengzhi Scholar"
Both Yuan Shu and Bai Juyi served as Zhongshu Sheren and were both Hanlin scholars. The Hanlin scholar divided the power of the Zhongshu Sheren to make edicts, and the emperor's edict was divided into internal and external systems, and the Hanlin scholars wrote, directly under the emperor's orders, drafted by the forbidden, called the internal system, written on white linen paper. Zhongshu is issued by a formal institution under the door, called external production, written on jute paper. The Hanlin System and the Zhongshu System are what Yuan Shu called "the secret music of the inside and outside". The direct superior of the Zhongshu Sheren was Zhongshu Ling (Zai Chancellor), and the Hanlin scholar was directly under the emperor's command. At first, the Hanlin scholar could only be regarded as a courtier for the emperor to play, but one of the most important inducements for his function to continue to improve was that the imperial power restricted the power of the emperor.