Hainan Daily reporter Husay Ma Ke
Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases and a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. What are the harms of high blood pressure to the human body? How to prevent and treat hypertension? On October 23, the Hainan Daily Health Media Studio "Great Doctor's Fine Talk" column launched the 22nd issue of a series of health science popularization live broadcasts, inviting Lin Ling, vice president of Sanya Central Hospital (the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province) and doctoral supervisor, to share the experience of hypertension prevention and treatment online and answer questions for everyone.
The prevalence is high and there is a trend towards younger age
Primary and secondary school students have also been found to have high blood pressure
The China Hypertension Survey (2012-2015) found that the prevalence of hypertension in ≥ 18-year-old residents in China is about 27.8%, that is, 1 in every 4 adults has hypertension.
The prevalence of hypertension in China is presented as "three highs" and "three lows": the prevalence rate is high, and the number of hypertensive patients has reached 245 million; Highly harmful, with 2 million people dying each year from hypertension-related diseases; The growth rate is high, and with the intensification of population aging, the prevalence of hypertension is growing rapidly; The awareness rate is low, and the awareness rate of hypertension in people over 18 years old is only 51.6%; Treatment rates are low, with nearly half of adult hypertensive patients not receiving treatment; Control rates are low, with only 16.8% of adult hypertensive patients having their blood pressure controlled.
In daily life, many people think that high blood pressure is a disease that only the elderly can get, and young people will not suffer from high blood pressure. Lin Ling said that this understanding is wrong.
According to the China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report 2020, the prevalence of hypertension in young people (18-34 years old) is 5.2%; Poor living habits make the prevalence of high blood pressure in young people increase year by year. Nowadays, not only young people, but also children and adolescents are at risk of developing high blood pressure.
Lin Ling said that during the summer vacation this year, she received many high-blood pressure patients screened out in primary and secondary schools during the vaccination process, summarizing the lifestyle of this part of the population, the common point is to be addicted to mobile phone games, like carbonated drinks, sit for a long time, like to stay up late, do not love sports, overweight or obesity. The parents of these children also have a commonality: excessive coddling of children. The prevention of high blood pressure needs to start from a baby and develop a healthy lifestyle from an early age.
Lin Ling, Vice President of Sanya Central Hospital (The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province), Doctoral Supervisor
High blood pressure is the "number one killer" of health
Poor lifestyles such as high-salt diets and smoking require vigilance
Lin Ling said that most of the primary hypertension is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, and can also be understood as a lifestyle disease with a genetic background, in which heredity is immutable, about 60% of hypertensive patients have a family history, and when parents have hypertension, the probability of children developing hypertension is 46%.
Poor lifestyle can also lead to the development of high blood pressure. These include high salt intake in the daily diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, mental stress, etc. In addition, overweight and obesity, sleep apnea syndrome, long-term use of contraceptives, ephedrine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, licorice, etc. can cause increased blood pressure.
The diagnostic criteria for hypertension are: hypertension can be diagnosed by measuring systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg 3 times a day without the use of antihypertensive drugs. Lin Ling said that at home, you can use the upper arm type automatic electronic blood pressure monitor for regular blood pressure measurement, the family blood pressure measurement value judgment standard is different from the office blood pressure, the family blood pressure reading ≥ 135/85mmHg is recognized as hypertension.
Although hypertension is a common chronic disease, its harm is not small. Lin Ling said that the damage of high blood pressure to the human body is mainly manifested as damage to the heart, brain, kidneys and eyes. When the blood flow pressure in the arterial vessels of hypertension patients is seriously increased, the blood vessels can rupture, such as intracranial artery rupture leading to cerebral hemorrhage.
Long-term hypertension can also lead to arteriosclerosis, decreased elasticity and damage to the vascular endothelium, so that the cholesterol in the blood can easily enter the blood vessel wall to form atherosclerotic plaques, atherosclerotic plaques can narrow the vascular cavity, or plaque rupture to form a thrombus to block the blood vessels, resulting in coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and abdominal vascular stroke; Hypertension can also damage the tubules, glomeruli and thus affect the reabsorption function and filtration function of the kidneys, and long-term severe hypertension can lead to renal insufficiency and even uremia. Therefore, high blood pressure is the "number one killer" of health hazards.
Studies have shown that for every 10 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure, or 5 mmHg reduction in diastolic blood pressure, the risk of death is reduced by 10% to 15%, the risk of stroke is reduced by 35%, the risk of coronary heart disease is reduced by 20%, and the risk of heart failure is reduced by 40%.
Take the medicine according to the doctor's instructions Do not change the medicine at will
Regularly monitor blood pressure Limit salt weight loss and exercise
If you already have high blood pressure, how can you treat it?
Lin Ling said that the treatment of hypertension follows the "three principles": standard, stable and comprehensive management. The main purpose of treating hypertension is to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications and the risk of death. The first step is to lower the blood pressure standard, no matter what treatment is used, to control blood pressure below the target value. The second is a smooth blood pressure reduction, informing patients to adhere to long-term lifestyle interventions and drug therapy, and it is crucial to maintain long-term stability of blood pressure; Third, patients with hypertension should be comprehensively managed, and their concomitant comorbidities should be comprehensively considered when selecting antihypertensive drugs.
"Long-term use of antihypertensive drugs is still the main means of controlling high blood pressure." Lin Ling said that the better the blood pressure is controlled, the safer the patient's heart, brain and kidneys. When taking drugs, it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of drugs under the guidance of doctors, regularly monitor blood pressure, and insist on taking drugs, so that blood pressure can meet the standard and be stable for a long time.
Lin Ling reminded that patients with hypertension should follow the doctor's instructions to take the medicine on time and in accordance with the dosage, and avoid inappropriate treatment habits, such as intermittent medication, random increase in the amount, and random change of medication. Do not blindly believe in folk remedies, and replace blood pressure drugs with health care products.
How to prevent high blood pressure? Lin Ling suggests that adults aged 18 and above should regularly self-monitor their blood pressure and pay attention to changes in blood pressure; People at high risk of hypertension, such as overweight or obesity, a high-salt diet, smoking, long-term alcohol consumption, long-term mental stress, and insufficient physical activity, should often measure blood pressure.
In addition, high blood pressure can be prevented by maintaining a good lifestyle and eliminating other adverse factors, eating more foods containing crude fiber on the diet, exercising moderately, and avoiding long-term use of contraceptives, ephedrine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, licorice, and other drugs that may cause increased blood pressure as much as possible.
Original title: Hypertension onset is younger, primary and secondary school students are also in it - how to easily decompress hypertension?