Although Chiang Kai-shek insisted on opposing communism throughout his life, the civil war was constant, and it was quite controversial, but in his youth, he had an experience that he was always proud of, that is, he followed Chen Qimei and Sun Yat-sen to engage in anti-Qing and anti-Yuan struggles, was born into death, and fished some capital. However, as soon as he began to oppose the Qing revolution, he was almost "revolutionized" by the internal revolutionaries.
In the winter of 1906, Chiang Kai-shek, who was competitive and fond of fighting, bid farewell to his hometown of Xikou Town, was admitted to the "Tongguo Army Accelerated School" (the predecessor of the Baoding Officer School) founded by the Army Department of the Qing Government in Baoding, and began to receive formal military education. At this time, the revolutionaries headed by Sun Yat-sen founded the Chinese League association and propagated revolutionary ideas against the Qing Dynasty everywhere. Chiang Kai-shek was young and vigorous, flesh-and-blood, sympathetic to and accepted some of the revolutionary party's ideas, and had patriotic enthusiasm. Legend has it that when he was studying at the Baoding Military Academy, a Japanese officer, while giving a germ lesson to his students, held a piece of dirt in his hand and said metaphorically: This piece of soil produces 400 million microbial insects, just like 400 million Chinese parasitize in it. In the face of the Japanese officer's wanton insults, Chiang Kai-shek could not contain his anger, rushed to the podium and broke the mud into eight pieces, pointed to one of them and said to the instructor: "There are fifty million people in Japan, are they also like fifty million micro-worms, parasitizing in this eighth cubic inch of dirt?" Chiang Kai-shek's sudden counterattack made the Japanese officer stunned and red-faced. When he saw that Chiang Kai-shek did not have pigtails, he roared and said, "You, you, you are a revolutionary party!" Chiang Kai-shek said indignantly: "Just ask you whether the metaphor is right, don't ask about this foreign matter!" This patriotic story was compiled into primary school textbooks during Chiang Kai-shek's rule, and although it is a political myth like the story of Washington cutting down cherry trees, its authenticity is highly questionable.
Chiang Kai-shek, who studied in Japan, wears a hat in the back row
In the spring of 1908, Chiang Kai-shek was admitted to the eleventh class of the Zhenwu School in Tokyo, Japan, to study artillery. Tokyo was the site of the founding of the League, and revolutionaries gathered. During his stay in Japan, Chiang Kai-shek became acquainted with Chen Qimei, an important leader of the League, and was introduced by Chen Qimei to join the China League Association founded by Sun Yat-sen and participate in the anti-Qing revolutionary activities. During his time at the Zhenwu School, Chiang Kai-shek once sent a photograph to his cousin Shan Weize, on which he wrote a seven-sentence poem: "Tengteng is full of murderous spirits all over the world, and his strength is not as good as everything." Light I Shenzhou finished my responsibility, Donglai Zhi is in the marquis!" It reflected his certain national consciousness at that time.
In October 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, and Chen Qimei, who was preparing to respond to the uprising in Shanghai, summoned Chiang Kai-shek to return to China. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek was being assigned to serve as a second-class soldier in the 19th Regiment of the 13th Field Artillery Regiment in Takata City (now Joetsu City) in Niigata Prefecture, Hokkaido, and was later promoted to a second class, called a non-commissioned officer alternate, and underwent strict military training. Hearing That Chen Qimei had urged him to return to China, he asked the division commander Nagaoka Waishi for leave to return to China. Nagaoka resolutely refused Chiang's request on the grounds that "because he was entrusted with the administration of the Army Province, he could not allow permission to return to China without authorization." Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek turned to consult with wing commander Fei Songwu, and finally obtained a short leave of forty-eight hours, and Zhang Qun and others were also allowed to leave. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek secretly left Japan with Zhang Qun. However, Japan has stipulated that if a soldier does not return to the team during the quasi-holiday, he will be treated as a deserter and investigated by the gendarmes. Chiang Kai-shek disguised himself and changed into a Japanese kimono, and Zhang Qun changed into a Japanese student uniform, only to escape the strict investigation of the Japanese gendarmes, and Takada took a train to Tokyo, collected travel expenses from the Tokyo branch of the League, and secretly returned to Shanghai. This can be said to be Chiang Kai-shek's first adventure since the revolution, and he was spared because of his wit and bravery, otherwise he would have become a prisoner of the Japanese.
Chiang Kai-shek led a death squad to take a picture of the Qing Dynasty's Zhejiang Governor Yamen before making a death attack (for the purpose of making a posthumous photo), at the age of 24
After returning to China, Chiang Kai-shek personally led 200 daredevils to capture the city of Hangzhou in November. Soon after, he returned to Shanghai to reorganize the Fifth Regiment of the Shanghai Army for Chen Qimei, the new governor of the Shanghai Army, with Jiang as the regimental commander. In this year, Chen Qimei, Huang Gao, and Chiang Kai-shek exchanged posts and worshipped their sons and formed allied brothers. This was the first time chiang kai-shek had been worshipped many times in his life, and he could not be contained in the future.
The League was actually a relatively loose revolutionary group, composed of the Xingzhong Association, the Huaxing Association, and the Guangfu Association, and there were many internal contradictions. In particular, important leaders of the GuangfuHui, Zhang Taiyan and Tao Chengzhang, out of narrow self-interest, slandered and attacked Sun Yat-sen, drafted the "Sun Wen Crimes," and set off a "wave of overthrowing Sun Tzu" in Tokyo and other places, in an effort to strengthen the prestige of the Guangfuhui and replace it with the Alliance. Sun Yat-sen's right-hand man Chen Qimei was very dissatisfied with this, and the estrangement between the two sides deepened. On July 26, 1911, Chen Qimei and Tao Chengzhang held a meeting at the Shen Residence on Songshan Road in Shanghai, the two did not speculate, and soon there was a dispute, Chen Qimei actually pulled out a pistol, frightening Tao Chengzhang to leave Shanghai a few days later and flee to Nanyang.
Tao Chengzhang, born in 1878, the character Huanqing, tao ershan people, Zhejiang Shaoxing people. He is a modern Chinese democratic revolutionary and one of the founders of the Restoration Society. On the occasion of the restoration of Shanghai, Tao Chengzhang returned from Nanyang. On November 6, the Shanghai Military Governor's Office was established, and the post of Governor was occupied by Chen Qimei, and Tao Chengzhang was very displeased, and "occasionally ridiculed" Chen Qimei, and prepared to "train troops" in Shanghai, pointing directly at Chen Qimei. Chen Qimei was stunned, and his heart to kill Tao was born. At that time, shanghai had already rumored that Chen Qimei was preparing to assassinate Tao Chengzhang. Tao Chengzhang saw that the situation was not good, so he avoided the Shanghai Keli Hotel, and later moved to the National Federation, the Jiangxi Road Guangfuhui Organ, the Huizhong Hotel and other places. On December 30, Tao Chengzhang moved to Guangci Hospital.
The leader of the Restoration Society, Tao Chengzhang
On January 1, 1912, after the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government, Tang Shouqian was appointed as the chief of transportation, and the post of Governor of Zhejiang was proposed to choose one of Chen Qimei, Zhang Taiyan, and Tao Chengzhang. Judging from the public opinion at that time, it was almost a clamor of tao, and some people even said: "The successor is the successor, only Tao Huanqing (Chengzhang), the Si people do not come out, such as CangSheng He!" However, Tao Chengzhang, who was living in Shanghai, knew that Chen Qimei had coveted this post for a long time, and did not dare to forget his own predicament, so he issued a telegram on January 12 recommending Jiang Zungui, who belonged to the alliance system, to succeed him as the governor of Zhejiang, with the intention of telling Chen Qimei and others that he had no intention of fighting for power. However, this intention of Tao Chengzhang was not understood by his old subordinates, and Shen Rongqing and others blindly called Tao Chengzhang, declaring that they had "called on the old ministry to listen to the command of Mr. Tao" and asked Tao to return to Zhejiang as soon as possible and prepare everything, and could not "repeatedly give in."
Tao Chengzhang has always been a serious problem for Chen Qimei's political career, and if this person is not removed, it will be difficult to become a great instrument. Chen Qimei immediately summoned Chiang Kai-shek and laid out this plan and plan. Chiang Kai-shek is well aware of the heavy responsibility, and of course he is willing to go to the soup and fight the fire. Later, Chiang Kai-shek also confessed in his "Zhongzheng Self-Narration": "There is no cure for the grief of Tao Tao, and if it is not eliminated, there will be no way to protect the spirit of the revolution, and the overall situation at that time will also be there." "It was just that at that time, Tao Chengzhang's knowledge of the wind was getting tighter, and his residence and whereabouts were uncertain, which added difficulty to the assassination."
Xinhai Sanjie: Xu Xilin, Qiu Jin, Tao Chengzhang
On the same day that Tao Chengzhang issued the telegram, Chiang Kai-shek, in his capacity as a standard commander of the Shanghai Army, took the initiative to find Zhang Weiwen and Cao Xijue of the Guangfuhui system and repeatedly told them that he and Tao Chengzhang had no opinion and wanted to see Tao Chengzhang explain this matter to his face, so as not to deepen misunderstandings between each other and harm the revolution. Zhang Weiwen and Cao Xijue did not know that they were deceitful, and immediately decided to meet with Chiang Kai-shek at 2 p.m. at the Guangfuhui organ. When Jiang Tao met, the two were "harmonious and abnormal", talking very speculatively, and gradually Tao Chengzhang lost his vigilance. Chiang Kai-shek hit the iron while it was hot and asked Tao Chengzhang's address, and Tao Chengzhang immediately told him about it without thinking. Chiang Kai-shek got the address, as if he had obtained the most precious treasure. At 12 o'clock that night, someone took a letter to Guangci Hospital, claiming that it was a Hangzhou Express letter transmitted by Chiang Kai-shek, signed as a "provisional association." On the 13th, Tao Chengzhang showed the letter to Zhang Weiwen, who believed that Zhejiang only had a "provisional parliament" and no "temporary association", which he doubted, but Tao Chengzhang was not wary.
At 2 a.m. on January 14, two uninvited guests in suits and leather shoes suddenly sneaked to Guangci Hospital on Father King Road, where they quickly jumped off the wall, went upstairs, and walked into Room Six. At this time, Tao Chengzhang was already lying in the face, closing his eyes and recuperating. Two suiters shouted "Mr. Tao! Mr. Tao!" When Tao Chengzhang turned around, the suitor quickly pulled out his pistol, and after a wild sweep, he flew away. The bullet went deep into the brain from the side of Tao Chengzhang's left neck and throat, and immediately blood flowed like a flood. On the same day, Tao Chengzhang died without being saved, at the age of 34.
Although Tao Chengzhang had many disagreements with Sun Yat-sen, he was after all a meritorious minister in the revolutionary camp. His death is bound to bring great losses to the revolution. The day after Tao Chengzhang was stabbed, Sun Yat-sen called Chen Qimei. The inner said: "Tao Jun has held the revolutionary purpose for more than ten years, running away from the movement, sparing no effort, and on the occasion of recovery, Tao Jun has made great achievements, and he has suffered a sudden tragedy, which can mourn for the future of our Republic of China." Sun Yat-sen strongly demanded that Chen Qimei "be strictly and quickly investigated, so that the murderers will be arrested, and their crimes will be clearly corrected, so as to comfort the spirit of Tao Jun and vent the anger of the world." However, where did Sun Yat-sen know that his military general Chen Qimei was the main messenger of the thorn pottery case!
Tao Chengzhang was stabbed, public opinion throughout the country was in an uproar, and Shanghai exploded. On January 17, the Great Republican Daily angrily criticized: "The projectile dagger is the weapon of the enemy, so the army is insufficient." If you are slightly suspicious of the delicate mustard, the cycle of revenge, or even a piece of discord, you will also use this to vent your anger, and you are afraid of the endless chaos. On the 19th, the newspaper again published a commentary: "The power of the fist and the strong man obey me, otherwise he will be killed, and the tyranny of the fist will be killed." Those who hold the fist, those who want to revolutionize despotism and those who wish to make a republic are also. ”
After judging the situation and conducting overt inspections and secret visits, there was already a general suspicion that the thorn pottery case was carried out by Chen Qimei at the behest of Chiang Kai-shek. As a result, public opinion pointed the finger at Chiang Kai-shek. On the 21st, the Shanghai Military Governor's Office and the Shaoxing Brigade Shanghai Compatriots Association held a memorial meeting, and the crowd talked about chen Qimei in front of chen qimei and condemned this despicable assassination. Shen Jianhou said sharply: "The death of Tao Gong is not from the death of a traitor, not from a personal vendetta, but from the slenderness of his opinions, and my compatriots will surely take the place of snow revenge." Sun Tiezhou said even more indignantly: "The death of Tao Jun will surely die of those who compete for power, and if there are those who endanger the public in the future, they should be killed with pistols." Emotionally, he "snapped" the pistol on the table. The venue was suddenly filled with excitement, full of the smell of gunpowder vowing to avenge Tao Chengzhang.
Chiang Kai-shek's jianghu brother Wang Zhuqing from Shaoxing, Zhejiang
Chen Qimei originally wanted to shield Chiang Kai-shek, thinking that as soon as the storm passed, the wind and waves would be calm and peaceful. However, the clamor for "anti-murder" throughout the country has become louder and louder, and some radical elements of the Guangfu Society have even organized assassination groups, which must put Chiang Kai-shek to death. Chen Qimei was afraid that in the long run, he would burn himself and hurt himself, so he urgently advised Chiang Kai-shek to go far away and fly high, waiting for the times to change, in order to try to make a comeback. Chiang Kai-shek also knew that Shanghai was a place of right and wrong and could not stay for long. Under the strong pressure of public opinion, Chiang Kai-shek had to "resign and travel east" and flee to Japan to hide, thus avoiding the retaliation of the Guangfuhui. Another murderer of thorn pottery, Wang Zhuqing (wang Zhuqing, a traitor to the Guangfu Society that Chiang Kai-shek had bribed, and Chiang Kai-shek's jianghu brothers) fled to Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, but was killed by local members of the Guangfu Society. When Chiang Kai-shek heard the news in Japan, he could not help but take a few breaths of cool air, glad that he had escaped farther than Wang Zhuqing, which was beyond the reach of the members of the Guangfu Association.
(Originally published by the author: "Chiang Kai-shek's Escape from Death", Yellow River Publishing House, February 1999 edition, republished in 2010)