<h1>This article is the exclusive original manuscript of Shishi Shishi and is strictly prohibited from being reproduced without authorization</h1>
<h1>Author: Tan Bow</h1>
In the third year of Xuande (1428 AD), the news spread in the Ming Dynasty that the imperial court was ready to abandon the jiaotong, and it would not be long before all the troops would be withdrawn, and the jiaotong would be independent again.
1. Kingdom of South Vietnam
Yes, it is "again", or the place of Annam has been stirring up trouble many times. In the twenty-eighth year of Qin Shi Huang (219 BC), Qin Shi Huang, who had fought all over the world, felt that the Great Qin army had nothing to do after the unification of the Six Kingdoms, and heard that there was still a large area of unconquered land in the southern part of the empire to be displayed, so he sent 500,000 troops south to Lingnan to unify the land of Baiyue.
At that time, Lingnan was still in an uncivilized area, where it was the opponent of the Tiger and Wolf Division, and today the liangguang and north-central Vietnamese regions are all included in the territory of the Qin Dynasty. After the end of the war, Qin Shi Huang did not recall these hundreds of thousands of troops, but let them stay in the local area to engage in economic construction, Qin Shi Huang should want to completely conquer the land of Lingnan.
Unexpectedly, the plan could not catch up with the changes, a few years later Qin Shi Huang died, the First Emperor died in the Central Plains, the Qin Dynasty fell, and soon the Chu and Han dynasties fought, and hundreds of thousands of troops in the Lingnan region became homeless. The leader of this army, Zhao Tuo, thought twice, he knew that it was unreliable to lead the army back under such circumstances, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang could not fight either, since he could not go back, he simply divided it in Lingnan.
Thus, in 204 BC, the first separatist regime in the history of Lingnan, the Kingdom of Nanyue, was born. Today Vietnam regards South Vietnam as the earliest basis for its independent statehood, but this is a far-fetched force. Although the names of the two countries are very similar, and the territory of South Vietnam does contain the north-central region of present-day Vietnam, the capital of the South Vietnamese state is in today's Guangzhou, and the main ruling area of the South Vietnamese state is also today's Liangguang region, and his ruling group is also dominated by the Qin people in the south, so no matter how you look at it, this is a local Chinese separatist regime.
Not long after zhao Tuo founded the country, the Han Dynasty was established, and Liu Bang heard that the Qin Dynasty still had such a little brother in the south, and he immediately felt a little interesting. However, considering that the Chu-Han war had just ended at that time, the country was in difficulty, and there was no spare strength to attack South Vietnam for the time being, So Liu Bang issued an edict, named Zhao Tuo the "King of Nanyue", and sent the minister Lu Jia to the State of South Vietnam, ordering Zhao Tuo to belong to the Han Dynasty.
Zhao Tuo saw that the Han Dynasty's thighs were so thick, so he accepted Liu Bang's conditions and officially belonged to the Han Dynasty and became a vassal state of the Han Dynasty. However, this kind of submission was extremely unstable, and Zhao Tuo was far away from the Emperor of Heaven, calling himself king externally, but behind closed doors internally, and from time to time engaged in some small frictions on the border.
The "Emperor" of Nanyue Wu - Zhao Tuo
With the restoration of the Han Dynasty's national strength, this behavior was absolutely intolerable, and in 111 BC, the Kaijiang crazy demon Emperor Wudi of Han sent troops to attack the State of South Vietnam and follow the example of Han China to administer the local area. For more than a thousand years, the northern and central regions of present-day Vietnam were under the direct jurisdiction of the Central Plains Dynasty, and although the name of the place changed, from Jiaotong, Jiaozhou to Annam, rebellions also occurred from time to time, but the region was generally stable, and this period within the territory of China was also known as the "Millennium County Period" in Vietnamese history.
Second, the end of the Tang Dynasty and the beginning of the Song Dynasty were finally divided
This good phenomenon was not broken until the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were broken, because the local warlords at the end of the Tang Dynasty were not able to lose their power, resulting in the division of the feudal towns, the political situation was chaotic, and the Tang central government was powerless to the border areas, and the Annam region launched an independence movement at this time.
In the first year of the Song Dynasty (968 AD), the "Great Qu Yue Kingdom" was established, marking the formal independence of Annam. Despite independence, Annam understood that his strength was not enough to compete with the Central Plains Dynasty, so the Song and Yuan Dynasties and the Central Plains Dynasty maintained a clan relationship with Annam.
The official name of the Vietnamese Ding Dynasty is Da Qu Yue (Source: Shi Tu Guan)
At the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the Chen Dynasty in Annam sent envoys early to request that the relationship with the Ming Dynasty continue to maintain clan relations, zhu Yuanzhang saw that he knew so well, naturally happy, and with a big wave of his hand, he listed Annam as a country without conquest, and warned future generations not to arbitrarily conquest. Previously, during the Yuan Dynasty, because an annan was unhappy with it, it had been several conquests, which made Annan's country miserable, and now that the Ming Dynasty was so generous, Annan's Chen Dynasty was naturally very happy.
Third, do not do not die
It would have been nice if the two sides had lived in peace like this, but after a long period of calm, Annan's heart began to stir again. Although Annam was only a vassal state of the Central Plains Dynasty, it had great ambitions in its hearts. In Annan's view, the southern part of the Central Plains Dynasty has been Annam territory since ancient times, so it must be retaken as soon as there is an opportunity.
Adhering to this concept, in the late Hongwu period and the early years of Yongle, Annan repeatedly invaded and encroached on the border areas of Guangxi and Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty. At that time, the Ming Dynasty was in an eventful autumn, first the issue of Zhu Yuanzhang's lishu in his later years, and then the Battle of Jingnan, and the political turmoil in the dynasty, so there was no heart to take care of Annam Nagada. After Zhu Di sat firmly on the throne, he decided to teach this disobedient little brother a lesson, but he did not expect that Zhu Di's side had not yet made a move, but Annan's side was chaotic first, and this chaos just gave the Ming Dynasty a reason to sanction Annan.
During the Ming Dynasty's civil war, Annan's side also changed dynasties, but unlike the Ming Dynasty's direct pulling of troops, Annan used a soft knife.
At that time, the Chen Dynasty court in Annam was particularly chaotic, and the forces of all sides were intricate, and the ultimate winner of this power game was the prime minister Hu Jiyun (real name Li Jiyun), who after taking power, directly usurped the throne after a period of preparation, and killed the previous Chen Dynasty Sect, he changed the name of the country to "Dayu", and after calling himself Emperor Shun, he changed his name to Hu Yiyuan.
Portrait of Hu Jiyi
A few years later, Lao Hu felt that the emperor was not addicted, so he passed the throne to his son Hu Hancang, upgraded himself to Emperor Taishang, and hid behind the scenes to continue to control the government. Maybe Lao Hu thought that his behavior was imitating Zhu Di in the Battle of Jingnan, and since he already had the power of Annam, Daming couldn't do anything with himself even if he knew.
However, the act of usurping the throne, Zhu Di can do it, how can you draw a vassal state in the same way, the order under the heavenly dynasty is still not needed, so zhu Di is most taboo after he ascended the throne.
Now Hu Jiyun not only usurped the throne, but also usurped the throne as a powerful courtier. Zhu Di himself was a clan member, he seized the throne, and the world was still the world of the old Zhu family. Annan's behavior is a revolution that subverts the dynasty, if this does not matter, what will the heroes of the Ming Dynasty think, is this a disguised encouragement of rebellion? Therefore, whether it is from Annan's daily encroachment on Daming's land or Hu's usurpation of the throne, the Ming Dynasty must show something.
Although Hu Jiyun wanted to cut the grass and root out the descendants of the Chen clan, he was not able to kill them. There was a prince named Chen Tianping in the Chen Dynasty's clan who escaped from death, and at that time, many forces loyal to the Chen clan in Annam surrounded Chen Tianping and continued to support him, hoping that he could restore the Chen Dynasty.
But at this time, Annan was completely under the control of Hu Jiyun, and Chen Tianping's situation was very dangerous, even if he survived by chance, it would be easy to restore the dynasty. In this case, the remnants of the Chen Dynasty put all their hopes on the Ming Dynasty in the north, and In the second year of Yongle (1404 AD), Chen Tianping, who had experienced hardships, came to the Ming Dynasty and asked the Yongle Emperor to help him restore the country.
The main body of the Hu Dynasty in Vietnam is present-day northern Vietnam (blue part)
Zhu Di was only then aware of the drastic changes that had taken place in Annam, so he sent emissaries to rebuke Hu Jiyi, and Lao Hu listened to the instructions of the emissaries of the Heavenly Dynasty and immediately expressed his willingness to support Chen Tianping's reinstatement. Since Lao Hu was already so sincere, Zhu Di was not good enough to ignore people. In the first month of the fourth year of Yongle (1406 AD), Zhu Di sent the governor Huang Zhong to send Chen Tianping back to the throne with 5,000 soldiers (this soldier and horse actually means) to return to the country and ascend the throne, but he did not expect that the guards had just arrived in Annam, Hu Jiyi actually ambushed and killed Chen Tianping, and the Ming army was defeated and returned to the country.
4. Ming Zheng Annan
Killed, or killed in front of the Ming Dynasty army, this is worth it, and Zhu Di, who has long wanted to teach Annan, can be regarded as seizing the opportunity. In July of the same year, the Ming Dynasty sent troops to Annam on the grounds of "hanging the people and destroying them", and it took only eight months to eliminate the main force of the Hu Dynasty army in one fell swoop, capturing their emperor and the minister of culture and military affairs and escorting them to Tianfu (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu). The banner of the Ming Dynasty attacking Annam was to support the descendants of the Chen clan, and now that the fight is over, let's follow the script, so the Ming army conveys the meaning of the Ming government in Annam and decides to find the descendants of the Chen Dynasty in Annan to inherit the throne. But looking around, from north to south, searching all over again, even the shadow of Chen's descendants did not see, which is strange.
Zhu Di stills
It wasn't long before some local squires in Annam gathered to write a letter to Zhu Di, to the effect that they told Zhu Di: "Your Majesty the Emperor, don't bother to look for the descendants of the Chen clan, when hu dynasty, those people were already killed by Hu Jiyi, we old men summed it up, Annam has been Chinese territory since ancient times, and it was only independent when the five dynasties and ten kingdoms were gone, and since the Heavenly Dynasty army is back now, don't find any agents, just take over Annam directly."
Whether the descendants of the Chen Dynasty are really gone, it is not known, but Zhu Di was able to borrow the slope to get off the donkey, Zhu Di at the request of the local official Li Min of Annam, included Annam into the territory of Daming, renamed it "Jiaotong", modeled on the establishment of the "Jiaozhidu Command and Envoy Division", "Jiaozhi Chengcheng Announcement Of Political Envoys", "Jiaozhi Chengcheng Announcement of Political Envoys" and other official offices, after four hundred years, Annam once again became China's territory.
Since Jiaotong was already The territory of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty naturally had to implement a new policy of rule in this area to distinguish it from the previous annam fall. In fact, the so-called new policy actually has no new place, that is, to copy the Ming Dynasty's inland system. The "three divisions" mentioned above are the local administrative system of the Ming Dynasty, and after the Ming army conquered Annam, it destroyed the entire state institution in Annam, restored the county system, and established a set of ruling institutions in Annam that were the same as those of the Ming Dynasty.
In this ruling body, the officials sent by the Ming Dynasty occupied the main positions, such as the main officials in the three divisions were directly served by the Ming officials, of course, after all, the proportion of the old people in the Annam area was very large, so the Ming rulers also tried their best to cultivate Annan officials who were subordinate to the Ming Dynasty, but the dominant position was still dominated by the officials sent by the Central Ming Dynasty.
In addition, the local hukou and taxation system were also better than the standards of the Illuminated Dynasty; at the same time, Zhu Di knew that in order to maintain the long-term peace and stability of Jiaotong, it was necessary to strengthen ethnic integration, and the best way to promote ethnic integration was cultural education, so the Four Books and Five Classics of the Ming Dynasty, the ceremonial codes, the school system, etc. went south to support Jiaotong, and even religious institutions in the interior were sent to Jiaotong to promote national unity.
I thought that this would make Annan integrate into the embrace of the motherland faster, but I never expected that anything but the independence of Annam had been very strong in the past few hundred years, and many of the policies implemented by the Ming Dynasty had become unsatisfactory to the local water and soil, coupled with the officials and subordinate officials sent by the Ming Dynasty to bully people, but it led to the intensification of contradictions in the region. Almost at the same time as the Ming Dynasty conquered Annam, the anti-Ming restoration movement in Annan's homeland began, and it intensified.
For these armed movements in Annan's homeland, Zhu Di had one attitude - killing. By the twenty-first year of Yongle (1423 AD), the anti-Ming forces in various places were basically pacified, and only The Lanshan (present-day Shouchun County, Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam) led 400 remnants of soldiers to flee in the Blue Mountains (is not a bit familiar, like the future Li Zicheng).
In the face of this situation, the military commanders of the Ming Dynasty did not seize the opportunity to cut the grass and remove the roots, but instead thought that Li Li was trapped in the beast and could not be forced too tightly, and perhaps it was also a good choice to recruit him, and it could also play a local performance role. Therefore, the Ming army not only did not encircle and suppress Li Li, who was trapped in the mountains, but on the contrary blindly implemented the policy of preferential care, Li Li did not eat or drink in the mountains, the Ming army sent a large number of materials to the mountains, and kindly advised that as long as Li Li surrendered, there would be no problem in mixing officials.
In the face of the Ming Dynasty's overtures, Li Li said on the one hand that he especially wanted to submit to Daming, but could he allow himself to consider it for a few days; on the other hand, he used the materials sent by the Ming Army to recruit troops and horses to enhance his strength. In any case, the appeasement of the Ming army made Li Li a climate, but the road to Li Li's restoration was still very arduous, but the greater good news was falling on Li Li's head.
The image comes from the Internet
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