Planting Techniques:
【Sowing seedlings】Select Japanese leaf-eating perilla or domestic large-leaf perilla varieties. Select fertile soil with difficult to compact, good aeration and water retention, and high humus content as the seedbed. 667 seedbeds per square meter were uniformly applied to the surface before 200 kg of decomposed chicken and sheep manure or 400 kg of thick human feces and urine. Turn into the soil, after 10 days of sunbathing, then sprinkle 5kg of compound fertilizer and 2kg of urea as the bottom fertilizer. The bed is 15cm high, and the length and width depend on the terrain and ease of operation. Sow in mid-to-late March, spray 300 times the herbicide solution on the bed before sowing. Sow the seeds 4 days after spraying, spread the seeds evenly on the bed, cover the thin soil and straw, water enough, flatten or erect a small arch cover film to flatten. During the seedling period, the single person fecal urine is applied 2-3 times, the interval seedling is 3 times, and the distance between the seedlings is about 3cm. In order to prevent seedling growth and excessive soil moisture, it is necessary to remove the film and ventilate frequently. Seedlings are transplanted at about 45 days of age.
【Land preparation】All kinds of soil can be cultivated perilla, and it is better to cultivate loam soil and sandy loam soil with pH value of 6-6.5. The base fertilizer of the field is mainly organic fertilizer, and 5000kg of decomposed garbage fertilizer, 3000kg of manure or 1500kg of chicken and sheep manure and 100kg of compound fertilizer are applied per square meter of 667. The soil is ploughed and dried and the fine rake is flattened to make a furrow, with a furrow width of 90 cm, and a furrow groove width and depth of 30 cm each. From the end of April to the beginning of May, 6 rows are planted per furrow, the distance between the rows is 15 cm× 15 cm, and 15,000-20,000 plants are planted per square meter 667. In order to eliminate weeds and prevent ground tigers from harming seedlings, the soil surface can be sprayed with weeding 3 days before colonization and sprinkled on the furrow surface with bran bran and 500 times the liquid of the enemy insects.
After 20 days of perilla colonization, for plants that have grown into 5 stem nodes, all leaves and branches below 4 stem nodes should be removed to promote the healthy growth of the plant. After removing the first stubble leaves for 1 week, when the leaf diameter of the 5th stem node is more than 10 cm wide, the leaf picking can begin to pick leaves, and 2 pairs of leaves are picked at a time. The axillary buds that occur on the upper stem nodes are erased from the stems. The peak period for leaf picking is from late May to early August, and can be harvested every 3-4 days. At the beginning of September, the plant begins to grow inflorescence, at this time, 3 pairs of leaves can be retained for leaves that do not leave seeds, and they can be plucked and beaten to meet the standard of finished leaves. Throughout the year, 36-44 leaves can be picked per plant per plant, and 667 per square meter can produce 1700-2000 kg of fresh leaves.
【Fertilization and insect control】After the seedlings are planted and survived, the rhizosphere topdressing is once every half a month, and each time every 667 m2 field is applied 2500 kg of human fecal urine or 10 kg of urea; in order to accelerate leaf growth and improve leaf quality, use 0.5% urea liquid to topdress once a month; if there is high temperature and drought during the growth period, watering should be watered in the morning and evening to resist drought.
Pest control:
[Perilla zebra disease]: It begins to occur after June, and small brown or black-brown spots appear on the initial leaf surface, which gradually expand into nearly round large spots, and the spots dry out and form perforations. High temperature and humidity planting is too dense and poor ventilation can easily infect this disease. Control methods: reasonable dense planting, do not plant too densely; pay attention to drainage in the rainy season; do not use diseased plant seeds; at the beginning of the disease, use Daisen manganese zinc 70% rubber suspension dry powder spray powder control, once a week, even spray 2-3 times, can also be used 1:1:200 times Bordeaux liquid control, 20 days before harvesting to stop the use of drugs.
[Rust]: At first, on the back of the leaf at the base of the plant, yellow-brown protruding spots occur. In humid climates, it is most likely to spread from the leaves in the upper part of the plant and spread quickly to neighboring plants. In severe cases, the sick leaves wither and yellow recurve and fall off. Prevention and control methods: pay attention to drainage, planting density is appropriate, and use 25% powder rust 100O spray spray at the beginning of the disease.
[Small ground tiger]: also known as "ground silkworm", in April-June, it is a pest, biting off the seedlings from the ground. Control method: Gently turn the soil near the root seedlings in the early morning to hunt, and use 90% crystal enemy insects 1000-1500 times mixed into poisonous bait to trap and kill.
Silver nocturnal moth: The larvae bite the leaf, making the leaf appear porous or absent. Control method: hunting; or sprayed with 90% enemy insects 800 times liquid.
[Perilla borer]: The larvae bite the leaves and branches, often causing the branches to break. From July to September, it is harmful. Control methods: clear the garden, dispose of the residual plants, and turn the land deep after harvest to reduce the source of overwintering insects. There are also moths, small cotton leaf curl moths, red spiders, cotton bridge worms and other harmful perilla.
In addition, perilla has a parasitic plant, the European silkworm seed host. Parasitizes on perilla in June-September, and suffers more heavily in July-August. Its stem is tightly wrapped around the perilla stem to absorb the nutrients of perilla with a suction device, causing the perilla stem leaves to turn yellow, red or white, and the plant is short and even dead. However, cocoon silk is not common, and is often only found in fields with extensive cultivation and more weeds. Prevention and control methods: water and drought rotation, combined with deep ploughing of the land to bury the cocoon silk seeds deeply, do not germinate; found that the wronged silk seeds should be removed in time to prevent the expansion and production of seeds; with "Lu Bao No. 1" control. Sprinkle 1.5-2.5 kg of soil bacterial powder per mu, or spray with bacterial liquid (0.4 kg of medicinal powder per mu plus 100 kg of water to dissolve).