Colorful secondary discernment
The so-called secondary analysis refers to the fact that in the analogical reasoning question type, when the most obvious logical relationship between the two words (the primary relationship) cannot be selected to select the only answer, it is necessary to find another logical relationship between the option and the stem from different angles (the secondary relationship). In recent years, when the logical relationship given by the stem is relatively clear, it is generally necessary to do a secondary analysis to select the only answer. For example, in the case of species relationship as a primary relationship, secondary identification will give priority to specific and general references; for example, in the case of the correspondence between raw materials and finished products as a primary relationship, secondary analysis will give priority to natural formation, artificial manufacturing, direct materials, indirect materials, etc. How many ways of secondary analysis are there? How can you remember it in an organized way? The coastline takes everyone to comb through.
1. Semantic relationship (synonymous, antonym)
The secondary analysis of semantic relations is generally the emotional color of the word (generally divided into three emotional colors: praise, neutrality and depreciation).
【Example 1】Consequence: Result: Result
A． Faith: Faith: Faith B. Delusion: Reverie: Ideal
C． Reactionary: Against: Reflections D. Thinking: Thinking: Thinking
【Analysis】Consequences, results and results are synonyms, and the consequences, results and results are pejorative, neutral and positive in turn
A. Faith, belief, and belief are not synonyms; B. Delusion, reverie, and ideal are synonyms, followed by pejorative, neutral, and positive meanings, consistent with the logical relationship of the stem; C. Opposition and reaction are synonyms; reflection and the first two words are not synonyms;
D. Thoughts, thoughts, and thoughts are synonyms and are neutral words. So choose option B.
2. The relationship of unity
The secondary analysis of the relationship of all-theoremity is generally as follows: ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, self-other, and elegant.
【Example 2】Rat: Mouse
A. Carbon dioxide: CO2 B. Wonton: Wonton
【Analysis】B. Horizontal analysis of the relationship between the stem terms is determined to be the all-identical relationship, but it is found that the options are all the same, and the secondary analysis finds that A is the correspondence between the concept and its chemical formula, while the B term is the same as the ya and custom, which is consistent with the stem logic, so B is selected.
3. Cross-relationship
The secondary analysis of cross-relationships is mostly a naming method, and the naming methods are generally: materials, uses, shapes, etc.
【Example 3】Glass: Goblet
A. Chandelier: Floor lamp B. Incandescent lamp: flower lamp
C. Banana Fan: Feather Fan D. Solid Wood Chair: Circle Chair
【Analysis】The glass is named according to the raw material of the cup, and the goblet is named according to the shape of the cup, and the two are cross-related.
Item A: Chandeliers and floor lamps are named according to the installation location of the lamp, and the basis for the naming of the two is different from the stem; Item B: Incandescent lamp is named according to the luminous principle of the lamp, the flower lamp is a lantern, the naming is not strictly based, and the basis for the naming of the two is different from the stem; Item C: The banana fan and the feather fan are named according to the raw materials of the fan, and the two are juxtaposed, which is inconsistent with the logical relationship with the stem; Item D: The solid wood chair is named according to the raw material of the chair, the circle chair is named according to the shape of the chair, and the basis for naming the two is the same as the stem. So the correct answer is D.
4. Species relationship
Common secondary analysis of species: specific, general; non-species and other relationships
[Example 4] Mekong: a cross-border river
A. Yellow Crane Tower: Stilt House B. Qinghai Lake: Inland Lake
C. British: Western European D. Zhongshan Gate: Arc de Triomphe
【Analysis】The Mekong River is the most important transnational water system in Asia, so the Mekong River is a cross-border river, the two are species relations, and the Mekong River is a special name, specifically referring to the Mekong River, there are not many Mekong Rivers. Item A: Stilt Tower is the traditional residence of the Miao (Chongqing, Guizhou, etc.), Zhuang, Buyi, Dong, Shui, Tujia and other ethnic groups, the Yellow Crane Tower is a landmark building in Wuhan, is a scenic spot, so the Yellow Crane Tower is not a stilt house, which is inconsistent with the logical relationship of the stem; Item B: Qinghai Lake is China's largest inland lake, the two are species relations, and Qinghai Lake is a special name, specifically referring to the lake of Qinghai Lake, which is consistent with the logical relationship of the stem, and was elected; Item C: The British are Western Europeans, the two are species relations, but the British are a general term. There are many Britons who do not have a logical relationship with the stem; item D: Zhongshan Gate and Triumphal Arch are juxtaposed, which is inconsistent with the logical relationship of the stem. So the correct answer is B.
5. Composition relationship
Composition is common secondary analysis: primary, secondary; inevitable, probabilistic, non-constitutive, etc.
【Example 5】Building: House: Room
A. Car: Off-road vehicle: Window B. Electrical appliance: TELEVISION: Screen
C. Hospital: Private Hospital: Doctor D. Tableware: Plate: Chopsticks
【Analysis】The house is a kind of building, the two are the species relationship, the room is the component of the house, the two are the constituent relationship, and the room is the main component of the house. A item: off-road vehicle is a kind of car, the two are species relationship, the window is a component of the off-road vehicle, the two are the composition relationship, but the window is not the main component of the off-road vehicle, and the stem logical relationship is inconsistent; B item: the TV is an electrical appliance, the two are the species relationship, the screen is a component of the TV, the two are the constituent relationship, and the screen is the main component of the TV, consistent with the stem logic relationship; C item: private hospital is a hospital, the two are species relationship, However, the doctor and the private hospital are the correspondence between the occupation and the place of work, which is inconsistent with the logical relationship of the stem; item D: the plate is a kind of tableware, the two are species relationship, but the chopsticks and the plate are tableware, the two are juxtaposed relationship, and the logical relationship with the stem is inconsistent. So the correct answer is B.
6. Juxtaposition
Common secondary identification: juxtaposition of functions, category (eye: nose), special opposition (arterial vessel: venous vessel: capillary).
【Example 6】Arterial vessels: Venous vessels: capillaries
A. Essays: Poetry: Novels B. Historical Films: War Films: Science Fiction Films
C. Dormant Volcanoes: Extinct Volcanoes: Active Volcanoes D. Sunny: Rainy: Snowy
【Analysis】 Arterial blood vessels, venous blood vessels and capillaries are all blood vessels, and the three are juxtaposed, and there are only three types of blood vessels. Item A: Prose, poetry and novels are all literary carriers, and the relationship between the three is juxtaposed, but the literary carrier not only has prose, poetry, novels, but also scripts, fables and other forms, which are inconsistent with the logical relationship with the stem; item B: historical films, war films and science fiction films are three kinds of film themes, and the three are juxtaposed, but the film themes in addition to these three also have comedies, thrillers, etc., which are inconsistent with the logical relationship with the stem; Item C: Dormant volcanoes, extinct volcanoes, and active volcanoes are volcanoes, and the three are juxtaposed, And there are only these three types of volcanoes, which are consistent with the logical relationship of the stem; item D: sunny days, rainy days, and snow days are three kinds of weather, and the three are juxtaposed, but the weather not only has these three kinds, but also frost, hail, etc., which are inconsistent with the logical relationship of the stem. So the correct answer is C.
The common secondary analysis of the general logical relationship will be more effective in this way, not only convenient for memory, but also to improve the efficiency of doing questions, and the corresponding relationship involves more examination points and secondary analysis, the next issue will be dedicated to the identification of the correspondence and secondary analysis, please pay attention!