When it comes to famous rebels in history, most people think of Lü Bu.
The name of the three family slaves was really loud, and the name of the first rebel general was confirmed.
The "three family slaves" were actually fabricated by Luo Guanzhong, and on closer examination, Lü Bu's real betrayal was Ding Yuan and Dong Zhuo, after which he became a member of the princes of the world and became his own master.
More than 1400 years later, in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, there was such a number one figure, known as "Living Lü Bu", circling between the peasant army, Daming, Dashun, Daqing, Wu Zhou and other forces, the number of surrenders and rebellions in his life reached as many as 7 times, and finally a whole corpse was left behind, and the family was also saved, which can be called a big miracle.
This person is Wang Fuchen.
Wang Fuchen, whose original surname was Li, was a Datong from Shanxi, and was originally the child of a servant of an official eunuch in the Ming Dynasty. His nickname "Living Lü Bu" did not come at first, not pejoratively, but because of his white face and long jade body, which resembled Lü Bu's portrait. At the same time, he also liked guns and sticks, and was brave and brave, hence the name "Living Lü Bu".
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > a rebellion</h1>
At that time, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and Wang Fuchen followed his brother-in-law Liu mou to join the peasant army. Wang Fuchen gambled well, once in one night he lost six hundred taels of silver, the brother-in-law felt that keeping him was a scourge, in the room to draw a bow and arrow to try to shoot him, wang Fuchen dodged and killed back.
Wang Fuchen then fled and joined the Datong Ming army, serving in the Datong general Jiang Wan's account.
Wang Jinchao had no heirs, and recognized Wang Fuchen as his son, and from then on he changed his surname to Wang.
From the peasant army to the Ming army, this is a rebellion.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second rebellion</h1>
Not long after, Li Zicheng launched an eastern expedition from Xi'an, the Yellow River Valley smelled the wind, Jiang Ou sat in the important town of Datong, and had the opportunity to reinforce Zhou Yuji, who was dead at Ningwu Pass, but presented Li Zicheng with a surrender letter, and Datong surrendered without a fight.
Wang Fuchen was naturally also in the surrendered Ming army, Li Zicheng still made Jiang Ou the commander-in-chief of Datong, and Wang Fuchen was assigned to Jiang Ou's command.
From the Ming army to the Dashun army, this is the second rebellion.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > three rebellions</h1>
Li Zicheng's good times did not last long, although he took Beijing in three and a half months, he lost Beijing again 42 days later. Wu Sangui led the Qing army into the pass, and the Dashun army was defeated in successive battles and soon retreated into Shaanxi.
Seeing that Dashun had lost power, Jiang Huan launched a rebellion in Datong, killing the Dashun general Zhang Tianlin and raising the city to surrender to the Qing army, and Wang Fuchen also surrendered to Qing.
From Shun to Qing, this is the three rebellions.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > four rebellions</h1>
In the sixth year of Shunzhi (1649), Jiang Ou raised the banner against the Qing dynasty in Datong, and at one point the momentum was so great that Dorgon had to personally enlist, and even sent Manchu Han generals to besiege Datong, which was for the "Eight Kings to besiege Datong".
Several times before, Wang Fuchen was still just a small person, and it was this time that really made Wang Fuchen famous.
At this time, Wang Fuchen had become a general under Jiang Ou, and in the face of the Eight Banners, he had no fear, often often wore yellow horses and white robes, clashed in the chaotic army, and fought bravely and bravely.
The Eight Banners of the besieging city killed from outside the guan to the inside of the guan, rarely encountered enemy hands, encountered Wang Fuchen rushing back and forth to kill, and no one dared to be its sharp edge, and they all changed.
Wang Fuchen also has a nickname called "Horse Harrier", often seeing the yellow horse rushing from a distance, and before he can see clearly, the Qing army directly calls "Horse Harrier to the End". ”
From the Qing Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, these are the four rebellions.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > five rebellions. </h1>
Although Jiang Ou's rebellion against the Qing Dynasty was fierce, due to the lack of support, after more than eight months of resisting with an isolated city, the city ran out of ammunition, Jiang Ou was killed by his subordinates Yang Zhenwei and others, and Datong announced his surrender.
In retaliation, Dorgon killed and plundered the Datong column, and in order to avoid death, Wang Fuchen surrendered to Azig.
With Wang Fuchen's sharp edge against the Qing army, he was bound to die, but by this time Wang Fuchen's name of Wu Yong had spread far and wide in the capital, and even the Manchus in Beijing were proud to know Ma Harrier.
There were also advantages under the fame, Wang Fuchen was considered a rare talent and was pardoned, and he put on the uniform of the Qing army, which was the five rebellions.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > six rebellions</h1>
After the surrender, wang fuchen, who was already famous, was highly valued, and successively served as a personal bodyguard at the side of Shunzhi and Hong Chengzuo, and Hong Baoju was made the chief military officer.
Wang Fuchen was a rather conspicuous figure, and Wu Sangui was at war with Li Dingguo of the Western Army, and was in a desperate shortage of talents, so he took a fancy to Wang Fuchen. Therefore, with the approval of Shunzhi, he was given to Wang Fuchen to assist in the suppression of the general soldiers of Youzhen and then transferred to his command.
Since then, Wang Fuchen has become one of the most courageous generals under Wu Sangui, following him on a campaign to the southwest, into Burma, and capturing and killing Zhu Youluo, the emperor of the late Southern Ming Dynasty.
Wu Sangui also attached great importance to Wang Fuchen and regarded him as a son and nephew. After Wu Sangui made great contributions, he was able to defend Yunnan, and Wang Fuchen still served under him.
After that, Wang Fuchen and Wu Yingqi had a festival, involving Wu Sangui, and was reprimanded by Wu, Wang Fuchen was angry in his heart, and took the road of the capital and asked himself to be transferred away, serving as the viceroy of Pingliang, and from then on he was on the side of the town.
In the twelfth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1673), Wu Sangui raised an army and asked Wang Fuchen to jointly raise an affair. At first, Wang Fuchen did not agree, and also sent Wu Sangui's emissary Wang Shirong and the letter of surrender to Kangxi as a sign of loyalty.
Who knew that after that, Wang Fuchen and another member of the town general Daniel Zhang had a conflict, and Kangxi sent Mo Luo, a university scholar who had traveled northwest, to have a festival with Wang Fuchen earlier. Wang Fuchen felt constrained everywhere, his subordinates were also angry, and contradictions accumulated day by day, Wang Fuchen borrowed grain and horses for unfair distribution, led his troops to attack the Eight Banners barracks, and Mo Luo was killed by an arrow in the clash.
The members of the imperial court were killed, and even if Wang Fuchen did not want to rebel, he had to rebel, and he did not stop doing two things, contacted Wu Sangui, and pulled up the anti-Qing banner.
This is the six rebellions.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > seven rebellions</h1>
Wang Fuchen surrendered, Wu Sangui Daxi, made him the general of Pingyuan and the governor of Shaanxi East Road, and assisted Him with 200,000 taels of silver, and also ordered Wang Pingfan and Wu Zhimao to lead their troops north to assist Wang Fuchen in capturing the entire Longyou.
Wang Fuchen's army was once in great strength, sweeping most of the northwest, the Shaanxi-Gansu region was close to the Beijing Division, the greatest threat to Kangxi, the northwest was uneven, and the Qing Dynasty would be attacked on its stomach and back.
At this time, the situation in Kangxi was actually quite tight, all four sides rebelled, Wu Sangui drank the Yangtze River, Geng Jingzhong sent troops from three roads to threaten Zhejiang and Anhui, the Qing Dynasty's troops were stretched thin, and the Eight Banners outside Guanwai were also transferred into the interior to fight.
Kangxi sent Duoduo's son, the Dingxi general Dorobel Dong'e, to lead an army to conquest, but the Eight Banners besieged Pingliang for more than half a year and could not go down. Enraged, Kangxi dismissed Dong E, and appointed Tu hai as the general of Fuyuan, commanding the Manchu Han army to go to Pingliang.
Tu Hai had courage and strategy, much better than Dong E, and there were Han generals such as Daniel Zhang, Sun Sike, and Wang Jinbao who came to assist him, and the military momentum was greatly enhanced. He first conquered the Tiger Hill Pier, the commanding heights north of the city, and set up cannons to bombard the city. Panicking in the city, Tuhai also suppressed and used it, sending people to persuade him to surrender. After 27 days of siege of Tuhai, Wang Fuchen finally ran out of food and expressed his willingness to surrender, and the Shaanxi-Gansu Rebellion, which lasted for one year and six months, was declared to be quelled.
This is the Seven Rebellions.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > a death to avoid delay</h1>
After Wang Fuchen surrendered, Kangxi did not have difficulties for him, but still made him a former official, and added the crown prince Taibao, promoted to "Jingkou General" to stay in Shaanxi.
It seems that Kangxi is magnanimous, but in fact he is forced by the situation to appease Wang Fuchen first and then settle accounts after the autumn.
When he was at a disadvantage, Kangxi spared no effort to recruit enemy generals, vowing that he would never renege on his word" and that he could "show the sun and the moon". However, at this time and another time, in the twenty years of Kangxi, San Francisco was finally pacified one after another, and seeing that the general situation had been decided, Kangxi finally did not have to worry about surrendering and rebelling, which showed his wrist and investigated and punished the surrendered rebels one by one for various reasons, and convicted and executed them.
Wu Sanguiyong surrendered Ma Baolai, and Kangxi specifically ordered him to be escorted to the capital Lingchi for execution.
Wu Sangui's son-in-law Xia Guoxiang surrendered and was sent to Jingshi to be beheaded.
Geng Jingzhong had surrendered in the eighteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, and the following year he was summoned to Beijing to see him, and when he arrived in Beijing, he was taken into custody by the prince, and a year later, Geng Jingzhong was executed by Ling Chi along with Zeng Yangsheng, Bai Xianzhong and other generals.
Shang Zhixin in Guangdong was actually coerced into rebellion, did not really fight with the Qing army, and had long since surrendered. Kangxi still gave him suicide, and Shang Zhijie and others of the Shang clan were beheaded.
The rest of the Wu Sangui general Zu Zeqing's father and son, and the Guizhou admiral Li Benchen, were also sentenced to Ling Chi.
It was Wang Fuchen's turn, and in July of the twentieth year of Kangxi, Kangxi summoned Wang Fuchen to Beijing for a visit.
Seeing the fate of the people, Wang Fuchen expected that after entering the capital, he would be more fierce and less auspicious, and according to his own behavior, at least it was a Lingchi.
In this regard, Wang Fuchen showed political consciousness, he burned all the accounts, and then divided the two provinces of the government among the generals and subordinates, dismissed the subordinates to avoid their involvement, and the rest of the matter was to drink day and night.
On August 29, Wang Fuchen arrived in Xi'an, refusing to advance any longer, and he instructed his subordinates: The imperial court is already deeply angry, and he will spare me! I have already thought that when I am extremely drunk and unconscious, you will trap my hands and feet, cover my face with layers of mulberry paper, and then spray it with cold wine, and then people will die immediately, no different from sickness and death, and then report to the court with violent death, so that they will be able to ensure that nothing will happen and will not affect others.
That night, his men concocted according to their words, and Wang Fuchen died in his sleep.
When the Kangxi Emperor heard the news of Wang Fuchen's death, he was silent for a long time, and sure enough, he did not contact his family and subordinates, but only dismissed his son Wang Jizhen from his post.
Wang Fuchen can be said to be a representative figure of this period of history in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. His experience, though tragic, can also be called legendary, which is a testimony to the competition between various forces in the decades of dynastic change.
Seven surrenders and seven rebellions looked incredible, and what was reflected by Wang Fuchen was the chaos of the situation at that time. Wang Fuchen rebelled seven times, which can be called the ancients who have never come after. In fact, in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, although the number of rebellions by Wang Fuchen was second to none, there were also many people who changed the court many times. For example, Jiang Ou first rebelled against Ming and then rebelled against Qing; Jin Shenghuan, first rebelled against Liu Kou and then rebelled against Ming and then rebelled against Qing; Bai Guang'en, first rebelled against Liu Kou and then rebelled against Liu Kou.
It was bustling and crowded on the road to surrender.
But perhaps, this is the truest human nature.
Compared with the end of the traditional old dynasty, the new dynasty is emerging. The new forces swept through thousands of armies like a decaying force, the Ming Emperors and famous generals gathered, and the historians of later generations sang praises and praises.
Due to historical reasons, from the end of the Ming Dynasty to the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, this corner of the forgotten corner, this period in the main history of the embarrassing situation, but more real, the imprint of the times projected on Wang Fuchen, it became seven surrenders and seven rebellions.